初中动词不定式和动名词的用法
初中动词不定式和动名词的用法
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的基本形式及其否定形式
1. 基本形式为to+动词原形（eg ：to work），
有时省略符号to （eg ：work ）
2. 否定形式为 not/never+动词不定式
Let ’s not do it。
I warned you not to swim in the river。
动词不定式的功用
1. 作主语
2. 作表语
3. 作宾语
4. 作定语
5. 作状语
6. 作补语
7. 作独立成分
作主语
1.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2. To see is to believe.
3. It ’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
4. It ’s your turn to clean the room.
5. It took them four days to arrive there.
作表语
The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.
My wish is to be a singer.
The first thing is to greet the teacher.
作宾语(1)
1.Ann wants to get her ears pierced .
2. He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3. I’d love to visit Mexico.
只能带动词不定式不能带动名词
作宾语的动词
aim 旨在 agree 同意 offer 提出
plan 打算 ask 要求 promise 答应
help 帮忙 prepare 准备 decide 决定
refuse 拒绝 dare 敢于 choose 选择
wish 想要 hope 希望 expect 希望
fail 不能 pretend 假装 manage 设法
seem 似乎 learn 学会
afford 负担得起 would like/love想要
作宾语（2）
1. I find it difficult to remember everything.
2.He feels it frustrating to watch English-language TV.
注：动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是： 主语+feel / find / make / think+it+adj. / n.+to do...。
作宾语（2）
1. I find it difficult to remember everything.
2.He feels it frustrating to watch English-language TV.
注：动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是： 主语+feel / find / make / think +it+ adj. / n.+ to do...。
作宾语（3）
1.We are very glad to see you.
2.I ’m sorry to hear that.
3.They are sure to come.
注：有些表示思想感情的形容词（包括已变成形容词的分词）后面可接动词不定式，这种不定式也可
叫做宾语。如：excited ，able, afraid, anxious, careful, free, lucky,
ready, willing等。
作定语
He was the first one to arrive.
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
Do you have anything to say ?
作状语
1.We stayed there to see what would happen. 表目的
2.I feel very lucky to have Lucky。表原因
3.I ’m too tired to do well. 表结果
4.He is old enough to look after himself. 表结果
作补语（宾补）(1)
● 1. Who told you to do that ?
● 2. I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.
● 3.The driver’s carelessness caused the accident to happen .
带to 的动词不定式作补语的动词
ask force invite train order want direct get beg drive cause warn lead
want allow hate like leave need teach require prefer advise show tell
urge wish encourage
宾补（2）
● 3.Who made the little girl cry ?
● 4.Did you hear someone enter the house?
● 注：用不带to 的动词不定式作宾补的动词主要是感官动词和使役动词 see, watch，have, let, make，hear,
feel ，notice 。
注意
help 的宾补，不定式也可带to 也可不带。
作补语（主补）
● 1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
● 2.The bird was let to fly.
● 3.He is made to work ten hours a day.
● 注：(1)省略to 的动词不定式作宾补 ，在变为被动语态的句子后成为主补时，符号to 要加上 作独立成分
I ’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.
To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.
To tell the truth, I don ’t think so.
动词不定式的复合结构
It ’s necessary for us to learn English well.
It ’s very nice of you to say so.
It ’s time for us to set off.
This is for you to decide.
用of 还是for
of 前的形容词是honest ，bad ，cruel ，rude ，careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，说明人的
特性。
for 前的形容词是dangerous, difficult, hard, important, interesting, easy，necessary,, 等，说明不定式动作的
特性
疑问词+不定式
1.Where to go is not decided yet.作主语
2.The question is which to choose. 作表语
3.I don’t know what to try next. 作宾语
不定式的时态和语态
They seem to have finished the work.
He pretended to be doing his homework when I entered his room.
The shoes needs to be repaired.
=The shoes needs repairing.
省去动词原形的不定式
-Would you like to join us?
-I ’d love to.
Don ’t go till I tell you to .
一些固定的动词不定式用法
● would rather do than do
● prefer to do rather than do
● try one’s best to do
● be supposed to do
● had better do
● can ’t wait to do
● do nothing but do
● have no choice but to do
● 动名词的用法
动名词的形式和否定形式
动词原形+ ing ( eg:studying) not/never +动名词( eg:not reading)
动名词的功用
● 作主语
● 作宾语
● 作表语
● 作定语
作主语
● Listening can help.
● Smoking is not allowed here.
● It ’s so nice talking to you.
● It ’s a waste of time explaining it to her.
作宾语
Have you finished reading the book?
I suggest doing it in a different way.
We often got excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese.
只接动名词不能接动词不定式
作宾语的动词
avoid suggest consider imagine include mind keep stop advise practice risk miss enjoy finish 只接动名词不接动词不定式
作宾语的短语动词
put off be worth give up hold on to be busy feel like end up keep on
pay attention to look forward to be/get used to can't help insist on
作介词宾语用于一些固定结构
● spend....(in) doing
● stop/prevent/keep sb from doing, there's no use doing
● havefun/trouble/problems/difficulty/confidence (in) doing
作表语
● Reading is learning .
● Her hobby is collecting stamps.
● The main thing is getting there on time.
作定语
He walks with a walking stick.
There is a swimming pool near my house.
You can’t talk loudly in the reading room.
动名词的复合结构
● Would you mind my closing the door?
● Do you mind me sitting beside you?
既可接动词不定式也可接动名词
意义区别不大的词
● begin hate like love start prefer
接动词不定式和动名词
意义不同的词
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● Please remember to bring it here. 2.He ’ll never forget hearing her singing. Don ’t forget to post the letter for me. 3.He stopped smoking last week. He stopped to smoke.(状语) 4.They went on discussing. They went on to discuss other problems.(状语) 1．I don't allow _____ in my drawing room. I don't allow my family _____ at all. A. smoking；to smoke B. to smoke；smoking C. to smoke；to smoke D. smoking；smoking 2．Your clothes need _____. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washing 3．This bike is not worth _____. A. to be repaired B. of repairing C. to repair D. repairing 4．_____ is better to love than _____. A. That, to be loved B. That； be love C. It； be loved D. It； to be loved 5．-What do you think about English? -It ‘s a difficult language _____. A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken 6．He would rather stay at home than _____ out with you. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 7．I ‘m considering _____ your offer. A. to have accepted B. being accepted C. accepting D. to accept 8．-What ‘s made Rose so upset? -_____ three tickets to Jay chou’s concert. A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since she lost 9．We are both looking forward to _____ next week. A. going on vacation B. go on vacation C. be going on vacation D. have gone on vacation 10．The story was so funny that we _____. A. couldn't help laugh B. can't but laugh C. couldn't help laughing D. couldn't help but to laugh 11．Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him. A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning 12．-It's getting very late. Maybe we shouldn't go. - No, let's go. Getting there late is better than _____ at all. A. we don't arrive B. to arrive not C. not to arrive D. not arriving 13．Remember _____ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back 14．He had no difficulty _____ the problems. A. working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out 15．Our monitor suggested _____ a discussion of the subject. A. to have B. should have C. have D. having 16．-What do you think of this school? -It is a very good _____. A. studying school B. school for children to study C. school to study in D. school to study 17．He loves parties. He is always the first _____ and the last _____. A. of coming； of leaving B. comes； leaves C. to come； to leave D. coming； leaving 18．You'd better _____ her the bad news now.
A. don't tell B. not tell
C. won't tell D. not to tell