副词与形容词练习题adjandadv
形容词与副词
一、形容词与副词的定义
形容词:我们把用来修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。形容词主要描述人或者事物的性质、特征和状态。
1.形容词一般在句中作定语,放在名词或代词前面,都含有“…的”意思。如:a nice watch 一只漂亮的手表 a blue car 一辆蓝色的小汽车
2.形容词作表语(有些形容词只能作表语,放在系动词之后)
These flowers are blue. 这些花是蓝色的。
副词:说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、等含义的词,我们称之为副词。多用 来修饰动词或整个句子。
They live happily. (happily快乐地,幸福地,修饰动词live)
eg. The turtle is _________. The turtle runs ___________. (slow)
二, 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化,表示“比……更……”或“最……”。形容词用来表示物的等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如:
tall------taller------tallest ; little------less-------least ; fast-----faster------fastest
1.一般情况下,直接在原词后加-er, 或加-est
如:quick------quicker-------quickest slow------slower------slowest
clever------cleverer------cleverest high------higher------highest
low------lower------lowest fast------faster------fastest
2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,比较级在原词后加-r,最高级在原词后加-st
如:nice------nicer------nicest large------larger------largest
white------whiter------whitest safe------safer------safest
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,变y为i, 再加-er或-est.
如:heavy------heavier------heaviest easy------easier------easiest
early------earlier------ealiest happy------happier------happiest
4.重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er或-est
如:fat------fatter------fattest red------redder------reddest
thin------thinner------thinnest wet------wetter------wettest
big------bigger------biggest hot------hotter------hottest
5.部分双音节或多音节词要在原词前面加more或most.
如:beautiful------more beautiful------most beautiful
useful------more useful------most useful
delicious------more delicious------most delicious
defferent------more different------most different
difficult------more difficult------most difficult
carefully------more carefully------most carefully
不规则变化:
good/well------better------best bad------worse------worst
many/much------more------most little------less------least
far------farther------farthest (指距离的远近)
far------further------furthest (表示程度上更进步)
old------older------oldest (表示年纪大)
old------elder------eldest (表示长幼关系)
三.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
形容词、副词的比较级经常用于两个同类的人或事物的比较,比较对象用than来连接。基本结构是:“主语+谓语+形容词/副词比较级+than+对比成分
Your jacket is longer than mine.
She is cleverer than the other girls in the class.
The room is smaller than the earth.
The box is heavier than that one.
This story is more interesting than that one.
The weather in our hometown is warmer than that in Beijing.
注意:much / rather / far / a bit / a little / even 这些词常用来修饰比较级。如
He is much taller than Peter.
Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.
My mother is far nicer than my aunt.
2.形容词或副词的最高级用于三者三者以上的人或物的比较,表示人或事物在某个范围内“最……”形容词最高级前要用the,副词最高级前面的the可以省去。如: He runs (the) fastest in his class. 他在班上跑的最快。Yao Ming is the tallest in Chinese basketball team. 姚明在中国篮球队里最高。
注意:a. as……as表示同级比较,两个as中间用原级
Lily is as tall as Lucy. Lesson One is as interesting as Lesson Two. 第二课和第一课一样有趣。 b. not as/so……as表示否定,表示前者不如后者(so…as不能用于肯定) Mike is not as clever as Tom.麦克不如汤姆聪明.
注意:
1.“one of the + 最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数形式,谓语动词要用单数。如:One of the cleverest students in China will visit our school.
2.“比较级+and+比较级”“表示越来越…”如:He works harder and harder.
3. more + 形容词、副词 表示前者比后者更……
less + 形容词、副词 表示前者不如后者……
4.the + 比较级+…;the + 比较级 + …表示越…就越…
如:The earlier you come, the more you get. 来得越早,收获越多。
5.“which / who+动词+比较级/最高级+…”句型中,如果后面有两个选项,则用比较级;若有三个选项,则用最高级。
如:Who studies harder, Tom or Pat?
Who studies the best, Ann, Tom or Peter?