高考重点词汇
高考重点词汇点拨
重点一:end up
1.He joined the firm as an office boy, but he gained rapid promotion and ____ a director.
A.ended up B.ended up in C.ended up with D.ended up as
2.The party ___ in the music of Going Home.
A.was ended up B.ended up with C.ended over D.ended up
解析:1.D end up as “作为„而结束”
2.D end (up) 结束,句意“晚会在回家的歌声中结束”。
知识拓展:end up/ end up in / end up with / end up as
end up的意思是“经过某些过程或回合之后,最后在干什么、 到达哪里、得到什么结果等等”。 用法分为两类:一类是后面跟v-ing 或形容词, 表示“最后在干什么”。
At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married.
If he carries on driving like that, he’ll end up dead.
如果他继续这样开车,总有一天他会把命丢掉。
第二种用法是end up后面跟名词, 意思是“最后到达什么状态,情况, 地方等”。 需要注意的是跟名词时后面要接一个介词,用什么介词要根据后面的名词而定。
Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills. 美国人产生的垃圾最后都送到垃圾填埋场。
The romance ends up in the fifth place. 这部爱情故事片最后获得第五名。
So if you don’t have a pretty structured return policy, you will end up with a lot of problems. 如果你没有一个相当规范的退货规定,你最后会弄出许多问题。
We ended up at a service station. 我们七转八转最后到了一家汽车修理站。
He had tried lots of jobs before he ended up as a school teacher near his home.
巩固练习:
用end up in/ as/ adj/ doing多种形式翻译下面句子:
如果你再继续这样开车,你最终会送命的。
_________________________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________.
答案:
If you carry on driving like that, you will end up dead/ as a dead man/ losing your life/ in death. 重点二:pick up/ on/ out
1)--- Why were you so angry yesterday afternoon?
--- When I went to school to ___ little Joe, he was being ____ by some older students.
A.pick on: picked on B.pick up; picked up C.pick on; pick up D.pick up; picked on
2) It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _____ my friend.
A.turn out B.found out C.call out D.pick out
解析:1)D pick up 带有“用车接某人”之意;pick on 是“捉弄(某人)”的意思。
2)D pick out: 挑出,认出;turn out: 生产,结果是;find out: 查明,弄清;call out: 大声喊叫; 召集
知识拓展:pick up/ pick out / pick on
pick up: to start again; to continue 重新开始;继续
pick out: to choose sb/sth carefully from a group of people or things; to recognize sb/sth from among other people or things. 精心挑选;认出来
pick on: to treat sb unfairly 故意刁难挑剔
巩固练习:
1)Have you ________ the movie you want to see?
2)The class _______ the story where they had left it.
3)See if you can ______ me _____ in this photo.
4)She was _______ by the other girls because of her size.
答案: 1)picked out 2) picked up 3) pick out 4) picked on 词义拓展:根据例句体会pick up的不同含义。
1.Mr. Black picked up his hat and went out. _________
2.Grandma Li fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once.______
3.It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programs. _____
4.Mr. Brown stopped his car in front of the shop to pick up the empty boxes. _____
5.I don’t know wher my children have picked up those rude words. ______
6.This old man is beginning to pick up now. _______
7.The wild horses picked up speed, so the hunters couldn’t catch up with them.______
8.Business has been very poor but they expect it to pick up again before Christamas._______ 答案:拾起,捡起;将某人扶起;接收信号;(车、船) 在途中搭人、带货;(偶然, 无意地) 学会(语言, 技术等) ;恢复健康;增加速度; (生意) 逐渐好转
考题链接:
1)The train stopped ____ passengers waiting at the station.
A.to pick up B.picking up C. to find out D.finding out
2)Kathy ____ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.(2005安徽)
A.picked up B.took up C.made up D.turned up
3)She ____ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. (2006福建)
A. picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up
4)Although there wer so many people in the square, I could ____ my friend .(06青岛测试)
A. pick up B. pick out C. make up D. set out
5)--- How are you getting on with your business, Tom?(07海南模拟4月)
--- I’m glad to say it is _____.
A. picking up B. making up C. taking up D. turning up
6)With the pressure ____ , she was o ff work for weeks because she couldn’t stand it any more.(07南京调研3月)
A. picking up B. making up C. building up D.putting up
答案:1)A stop to do 停下来去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事
2)B 3)A 4)B 5)A 6)C build up: to develop or increase扩大,集结; 积累
重点三:influence/ effect
1)Though Van Gogh formed his own painting style, we can still see the ____ of some famous French artists on his works.
A.effect B. application C.relation D.influence
2) The farmer felt the _____ of the drought for years. (2006广州综合)
A. effort B. efficient C. effect D. effective
答案:1)D influence影响,感化 2) C effect 指影响,结果,表示其原因必然会产生的规律性的结果。 考点点拨:考题重点考查effect/ influence二者的区别
(1) influence (on sb/sth) 影响,感化力, 一种影响人和事或导致事件发生的力量,尤指不带直接和明显有意因素的客观力
What exactly is the influence of television on modern life?
电视对现代生活究竟有什么影响?
effect (on sb/sth) 和原因的关系是立刻性的,即马上可以看到的
The drug has had an immediate effect on the patient.
此药对病人立刻产生了效果。
(2) 固定搭配
under the influence of 受„的影响,由于„的作用
have an effect on sb/ sth 对„ 有影响
have/exercise influence on 给„ 施加影响力
have influence over sb/ sth 支配力,控制力,权力
Her parents no longer have any influence over her. 她的父母对他不再有真正的约束力了。
(3) 作为可数名词,指“有影响力的人或物”
Those friends are a bad influence on her.那些朋友对她有负面的影响。
作动词 influence sb /sth
My teacher influenced my decision to study science.
我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。
即境活用:
1)It’s clear that her painting __________(已经受„影响) by Picasso.
2)His parents _________________(对他的性格有好的影响).
3)The moon _____________ (影响) the tides.
4)His first music teacher was _____________ (对他影响非常大的人)in his life.
答案:1) has been influenced by 2) have a good influence on his character 3) influences/ has influence on 4) a great influence
重点四:cover
1)His plane could ______ eight hundred kilometres an hour.
A.flew B. run C. cover D. drive
2)China is a large country, which ____ 9,600,000 square kilometers.
A.cover B. covering C.covered D.covers
答案:C C cover: 覆盖,延伸
词义拓展:根据语境猜测词义。
1.They covered 12 miles yesterday._______
2.How many pages have you covered?________
3.The city covered ten square miles.________
4.The professor’s talk covered the subject.________
5.The moutain was covered with snow all the year round._______
6.The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games._______
7. She had enough funds to cover her check.. ______
答案:行过(多少)路程;读过多少页书;占地多少;包括,涉及;覆盖;报道; 足以支付
即境活用:
1)I can hardly imagine that she ______ such a long distance within a day with her lame legs.
A.walked B.covered C.passed D.dragged
2)--- Will $200 ____ the cost of the damage?(广州模拟2月)
--- I’m afraid not. I need at least $100 more.
A.include B.contain C.cover D.afford
3) His lecture was very informative, _______ every field of teaching.
A.including B. covering C.concerning D.connecting
4)The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.(08宁夏)
A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted
答案:B C B D last: 持续
重点五:bury
1)Hearing the bad news, the boy ___ his head in his hands and began to cry.
A.placed B.lain C.hid D.buried
2)While she tried to ____ her disappointment at losing the game, it was obvious that she had hoped to win.
A.throw away B.hide C.find D.concealing
答案解析:1)D 2) C place vt. 放置; lay vt. .放置, 铺设; hide v. (=to put or keep out of sight)隐藏, 隐瞒 e.g Clouds hid the stars. 云层遮住了星星。conceal 较正式,多指有目的地隐藏。E.g She concealed the note in her dress. 她把字条藏在衣服里。
bury v. 埋葬, 埋藏, 专心致志于, 埋头于(in)
e.g She buried her face in the pillow. 她把脸埋在枕头里。
I buried myself in my studies.= I was buried in my studies. 我专心致力于我的研究。
常用搭配:be buried in thought/ one’s work/ books 沉思、埋头工作、埋头读书
重点六 strike
strike vt & n. (stuck; struck/ stricken) ①(雷电、暴风雨等) 袭击;②打;③打中;④擦然(火柴);⑤(某种想法)忽然出现;⑥给人深刻印象;⑦罢工⑧(钟)敲响
结合语境,给下列句子中划线词选择恰当的释义:
1.I left immediately the clock struck twelve. ___________
2.An idea suddenly struck me.____________
3.He was struck by her beauty. _____________
4.I struck a match and held it to his cigarette. ________
5.On Friday 16th october, 1987, a hurrican struck the southeast of England. _______
6.A stone struck me on the head. _________
7.They are striking for higher pay. (= They are on strike for higher pay.) ________ 答案:⑧⑤⑥④①③⑦
知识拓展:
比较 struck/ stricken
这两个词都是动词strike 的过去分词一般指“打击”,在现代英语中,它们的使用场合有所不同。
1. struck用于一般打击、撞击、刺激,如:
They were struck by lightning.他们遭雷打了。
I was struck with a wonderful idea.我忽然间想起了一个很好的主意。
She was struck with pity for the old man. 她对那老人动了怜悯之心。
Their eyes were struck by the awesome beauty of the landscape.令人叹为观止的美丽风景把他们慑住了。
2. stricken 指受打击,受煎熬,只用于负面场合,较struck 富感情色彩,又多用于正式场合。试比较: The poor are struck most by the ever-increasing housing costs.
穷人受不断上涨的楼房费用打击最大。
The people in the village are stricken with poverty. 村民受尽穷困的折磨。
以上stricken 的用法也常以复合形容词形式出现,放在名词之前,如:poverty -stricken 、famine -stricken 、drought -stricken 、panic -stricken 、fever-stricken 等等。
重点七 occur
1)It suddenly ____ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.
A. happened B. occurred C. broke out D. took place
2)I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006 安徽)
A.went; was ocurring B.went; ocurred C.was going; ocurred D.was going; had ocurred
答案 B C
occur vi 发生;~ to 浮现,被想起 例如:
Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.
It occurred to me to visit my teacher.
知识拓展:happen, take place, break out, come about
表示发生之意时均是不及物动词,其主要区别是:
happen 为常用词语, 指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”, 如:
The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。
occur 属正式用语, 指“按计划使某事或效果发生”, 通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定, 在以具体事物、事件作主语时, 可与happen 互换, 如:
These events occurred in 1909. 这些事件发生于1909年。
take place 指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”, 如:
The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned. 按计划会议在八点举行了。
break out vi 多指战争、灾难等的突然爆发,如:
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood. 昨天快半夜了这儿附近发生了火灾。
World War II broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。
come about vi 表示发生时,常与how 连用,如:
How did it come about? 那件事是怎么发生的?
表示“浮现,被想起”的短语还有:come to, strike
Suddenly the words of the song came to me. 我猛然想起了这首歌的歌词。
巩固练习
1)It suddenly ____ to me that we can ask our neighbours to help us.?
A. thought B. considered C. came D.ocurred
2)When did the habit of his rising early ______?
A.come about B. come across C. come out D. come into being
3)It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it ____ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.(2006湖北)
A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up
4)I was still sleeping when the fire _______, and then it spread quickly.(2006 广东)
A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got on
答案:D C C A
重点八:break in/ into, break down/up/through
根据句意,总结体会词组的含义和语境:
1. His health broke down under the pressure of work.______
2. The peace talks have broken down.______
3. Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances. _____
4. The telephone system has broken down. ________
5. I broke the candy and gave each child a small piece. ________
6. After midnight, the party broke up.______
7. The couple broke up 3 months later after they married. ______
8. Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police.______
答案:1. (身体或精神)垮了;2. (计划、谈判)失败;3. (化学)分解;4. (机器或车辆)出故障;5. (物理)分解;6. (会议)结束;7. (婚姻、关系)破裂;8. 突破
巩固练习
1) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have ____ with no agreement reached.
A.broken down B.broken out C.broken in D.broken up
2) The computer system _____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A.broke down B.broke out C.broke up D.broke in
3) The old factory has been ____ to make way for a supermarket.
A.cut down B.broke down C.torn down D.calmed down
4) --- Why are they taking the wast far out to the sea?
--- Because it ____ by wind and waves.
A.can break down B.can be broken up C.can break up D.can be broken down
5) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___ into parts.
A. down B. up C. off D. out
6) When Mr. Smith went back from work, he found his house _______ and all the money stolen.
A. broken into B. broken down C.broken through D. broken up
答案解析:1) A 2) A 3) C tear down 拆毁 4) B 5) A break down: to divide sth into parts in order to analyse it or make it easier to do 把„ 分类;划分 e.g Each lesson is broken down into several units. 每一课都分成几部分。 6)A
备考思路:
词汇题是近年来全国各地高考考查的重点,主要考查方向是基本词义在具体语境下的灵活应用。这就要求同学们在平时的学习中,扎实积累大量词汇,抓住其本意,再进行大量阅读,在阅读中体会词汇的活用和新意。有些词汇意义很丰富,但仔细揣摩,其实它的引申义大都来自它的本意,例如:cover, strike 上面提到了它的多种含义,都与“盖子,覆盖”、“敲打”这一本意密切相关的。还有一些动词词组,它的构成是“动词+ 副词性小品词(up, down, on, on, in, out等)”,对于这类词组,掌握了动词的内涵和这些小品词的意义,就迎刃而解了,例如,pick 本意是“摘, 掘, 凿, 挑选”,up 为“向上”,out 为“在(户)外,到(户)外”,因此,pick up 意为“拾起,拿起”;pick out 意为“挑出,选出,认出”。 总之,掌握单词,要把握好一个原则:词不离句,句不离要能够做到在真实的语言环境中恰当运用意义相近的词或词组,就要靠平时的词义体会和阅读