留学文书-PS写作指导意见

1. 概述

1.1 PS怎么写

PS就是为了阐述为什么选择这个专业，为什么选择这个项目，为什么选择这个学校，为什么适合这个专业，为什么适合这个项目，为什么适合这个学校。

你可能会问：具体怎么个排序呢？

一定要让事实说话，从小学到中学、大学再到工作，要让事实揭示你的优势和强项;重要的事情一定要说透；一门非常重要的课而又跟你要研究的方向紧密相关，一定要谈谈你的心得和对它更深入的拓展想法。有些课程的名称和实际内容差异很大，必要时要做进一步的说明。 有时间的话针对每个学校写不同的PS，根据每个学校的实际情况和研究重点谈他们也许感兴趣的“你的兴趣点”。留学专家称，如果能在PS中提到你所申请的领域的特点或跟这里导师的专长契合，会对申请有极大的帮助。许多院系在小作文里会问你为什么申请我们这个专业，这时你一定要认真对待，做好调研，做到有备无患。

你得留意，不要把PS写成Resume，专家解释到：详述从小到大的成长过程没有必要。他们最关心的就是你想干什么，能干什么和怎么干。PS不要写得太长，一般500字左右就足够。录取委员会的委员们不可能字斟句酌地0你的PS

细节决定成败，留学专家叮嘱未来的准留学生，一定不能忽视这样的小细节，比如在美国学期论文和毕业论文统统都用12号字，双倍行距(double space)。看惯12号字和双倍行距的教授们看到中国学生习惯用的10号字和单行距(single space)，一定会感觉非常别扭，这是个细节问题，但是往往就是这个细微的环节，就能决定你申请的成败。

1.2 PS的结构

PS作为一篇文章，当然有自己的结构。一般来说，PS都是以时间为顺序来叙述，逐层递进，水到渠成地引出自己的申请动机。你在反馈素材和写作的时候，千万不要东扯西拉，时间顺序混乱，让人看得头昏。

1.3 PS的写作过程

PS作为一篇重要的文章，从构思到动笔到结束，究竟是怎样的过程才能写出优秀的申请文书呢? 下面，我会为你一一呈现:

 列提纲

动笔之前，要给PS列一个大的框架。明确具体要写什么，如何组织素材，如何凸现闪光点。所以，一开始组织整理素材的时候，可以养成随时做笔记的习惯，把突现的灵感，自己的闪光点随时记录下来，最后列成大纲，整理出写作思路，最终形成一个完整的写作提纲。需要注意的是，在这个过程中，要注意挖掘自己的闪光点，发现自己的独特之处，由此定下写作主题。

 开头

一定要写一个“龙头”。我们平时阅读文章的时候会注意到，如果一篇文章的开头写的很好的话，我们会很有兴趣往下读，但如果对文章的开头就不感兴趣的话，根本不可能再接着读。PS也不例外。一篇好的PS的开头肯定非常吸引人，让人有读下去的欲望。而不是模

仿别人的写法，给人毫无新意的感觉，这样不管你后面的内容有多精彩，读者都不会有心情看下去了。因此，PS开头要与众不同，要精炼，不用太长，要推出主题句，即全文的中心。然后在下文中环环相扣，层层推开，有跌宕起伏，有起承转合。

 主题

PS的主体部分应该是铿锵有力的“金刚身”，有逻辑，有说服力，详略得当，重点突出。当你的PS开了一个好头，吸引人看下去的时候，就是主体部分起作用的时候，读者要通过PS的主体部分来进一步了解你是什么样的人，你具备哪些品质和能力等。主体部分通常包括个人经历、教育背景、工作经历、科研经历等，具体写什么内容，突出哪些部分要依个人情况来定。在写这些经历是，不要平铺直叙，仅仅罗列出你有过什么经历，你的角色和你具体做了什么，更重要的是要展现出你从这些事件或经历中学到了什么，这些经历对你的申请起到什么作用，如何去看待和评价这种经历。这样才能体现出你是一个有思想、有见解和观点的人，而这种品质正是美国文化所认同的。

需注意的是，在主体部分，一定要突出自己是个什么样的人，一定要能展现出你的特点、长处、未来的目标、以及它们之间的相关性。但不要一味的夸自己，或写出很狂妄的句子。  结尾

需要有一个“凤尾”。龙头凤尾，首尾呼应，才算是一篇优秀的PS。PS的结尾应该是一个起到一个总结陈词的作用，呼应全文主题，让文章的主题更加鲜明。要注意，PS的结尾要避免简单复述文章内容，应简洁明了，不要过分啰嗦，要有说服力，起到画龙点睛的作用。

XX同学，就我目前了解的状况是很多申请人在写PS的时候不能摆脱惯性思维，写出来的文章千篇一律，毫无新意。进而使PS仅仅成为申请中的例行程序，没有起到其应有的作用。一般来讲，在写PS的时候有一些事项需要注意。

1.4 注意事项

一、你一定要按照美国人的理念去写文章。毕竟我们写的是美国留学申请的PS，写出来也是给美国的教授看的，当然按美国人的理念写是上策。如何才能按照美国人的理念呢，他们的理念是什么呢?美国人不在乎你做过什么，他们更在乎你从你所经历过的事情中能学到什么，能有什么新的认识和想法。因此在选材的时候，我们不一定非要找什么惊天动地的大事，毕竟大家都是平凡的人，没几个人经历过惊天大事的，关键是一定要选那些“Make you difference on and off campus”。

二、最好详略得当。无论是整篇PS还是具体到某一段的时候，不要追求面面俱到，让人看过之后分不清主次，不明白作者到底想表现什么。而应该选择那些与主题最密切，能突出你的个性的东西来写，做到有主有次，有张有弛，所有的话题能围绕主题来展开，能让读者很容易看到你的闪光点。

在写PS的时候不要做以下事情

一、不要抱怨，不要为成绩不理想找借口。不要把PS当做用来解释成绩不理想的救命稻草。不要妄想通过抱怨，通过找借口来开释自己不理想的成绩，能让人同情你，或不去理会你不理想的成绩。发牢骚，永远是写PS的忌讳，没人乐意花时间来看你无谓的解释和牢骚，不理想就是不理想，没有借口，不断找借口的人，无疑是不能正视自己缺点的人。

二、不要抄袭，不要偷懒，自己不动脑思考PS的写作思路和提纲，来抄袭别人的。PS讲求的是创新，个性。千篇一律的文章，任何人都不愿意去看，更不没有兴趣，继而对写文章的作者也不会感兴趣，会认为作者是毫无想法的人。所以不要抄袭别人的文章。如果是要参考非常出色的PS，借鉴思路或格式的话，一定要修改到看不出痕迹，从网上搜不出来为止。

三、不要犯拼写和语法上的错误。毕竟是要去美国读书的人了，如果还犯这种低级的错误的话，会让人怀疑你的语言能力。

2. PS开头如何写

2.1 按照写作形式分类 开门见山法――例如：

I was lucky in the fact that I picked chemical engineering and it turned out to be the

right choice for me. However, my first semester at college was a rude shock - being away from home for the first time, being in a relatively male-dominated field

I started in a test lab for airplanes, where I got to break things. That is called static and fatigue testing. Then I went into design for airplanes. I worked on all areas of commercial planes including the floors and windows. . I am most proud of my testing projects

 倒叙法

例如：

On the commencement I was deeply touched by myself. The reason I was so excited was neither the progress on my students’ study nor my excellent graduate thesis award. The only reason that made me in tears was that I am one of the few undergraduate students who attended many researches in the department and got guide on special knowledge and personal growth. During my four years study I established a good relationship with my instructors and classmates. When the leaving day came I was moved by my success and the strived life for all these four years.



When asked how to manage to mask remarkable statues, the French sculptor Auguste Rodin answered, “I choose a block of marble and chop off whatever I don't need.” For me, life is just a block of marble---whether the marble can be turned into a remarkable statue depends on your natural talents, diligence and a sense of duty. During over four years’ my college life, I have been dreaming of being a perfect female researcher so that I can enhance more young girls’ confidence in scientific research and encourage them to promote the development of science as men do.

点评：围绕法国雕塑家罗丹说的一句话：“给我一块大理石，把多余的去掉。”作者说明了人生就是一块大理石，而能否雕琢出精湛的艺术品，演绎出绝妙的人生靠的是天赋，勤奋和使命感。在大学四年里作者是如何确立并实践着这个梦想,在接下来的生涯中他将继续他的梦想：to be a perfect engineering girl and display this kind of perfect to all，激励更多的女性树立在科研领域有所作为的信心，充分发挥在科研上的潜能，和男性一起推动科学的发展！）

 精辟设喻法――开头设喻，以引起读者对要说明的事物或道理的兴趣。

“Life is just like the ocean----whatever choice you make as a steersman, you must be well aware of your favorite, namely, which is worthy of pursuing in your whole lifetime!”

点评：作者把人生的方向比喻为舵手在航海上找寻方向，在大海中行进时清楚的知道自己何去

的！”  背景渐入法

1

、 例如：

My father is a chartered accountant and my mother is a banker. During my days at Engineering College I used to go to my father's office and help him manage his portfolio of equities and other financial instruments. This was the time I learnt the first lesson of finance from my father i.e. risk and return are proportionate. In 1998 when I was in the second year the China stock market crashed. But fortunately, my father had a well-diversified portfolio because of which our returns were protected from the downside risk. This was when I learnt the second principle of finance from my father i.e. diversification reduces risk. While I understood these two principles intuitively, it produced in me a strong urge to learn and understand the complex theory behind the working of Finance. This, I believe, was a a career in Finance and hence decided

2、 引入特殊事件，阐述兴趣的起源

As I was finishing college, my mother had both of her hips replaced with artificial ones because all of the cartilage in her hip joints had worn away and it was very painful for her to walk. I found it fascinating that engineers, orthopedic surgeons, and biologists had all worked together to design these artificial joints that completely transform people's lives by giving them back pain-free mobility, and I knew at that moment that this was an area about which I wanted to learn more. 2.2 按照写作风格分类

 轻松幽默型

In a room full of 450 people, everyone was clapping. I was walking on clouds, picking the gold cup for first-prize winner from the President of National Calligraphy Association. I felt all the eyes on me! Then I had a silly thought to pirate the Oscar winners’ address,

(在一个容纳450人的房间里，所有的人都在鼓掌。我飘飘然地从国家书法协会主席的手中接过第一名的金杯。我感觉到所有的眼睛都在看着我。随后我有了一个可笑的想法，翻版奥斯卡获奖者的致辞：“我想谢谢……”)

 哲理型

“Life is like a hyperbola: its bottlenecks appear in the position which witnesses the shortest distance between the two curves. In fact, anyone has to go through several bottleneck periods in his lifetime. If he makes one breakthrough after another, however,

he will certainly have his horizons increasingly expanded. “ They were told by my teacher when he helped me overcome the timidity I suffered as a freshman at ××university. These words guided me to change my character, stimulated me to pursue overseas studies in communication, and will surely continue to make a far-reaching impact on my life.

点评：把人生比喻成双曲线,两条曲线最接近的地方是人生中的瓶颈，一生中会遇到无数次这样的瓶颈期，但是只要一次次的突破了，天地就会越来越宽广。”当我走进××大学，我的老师在帮助我战胜胆怯的心理时对我说了以上的话，正是这些话指引我改变了性格，选择了在异国学习communication专业的道路，我想这句话将继续指引我的一生。

 抒情议论型

The best part of being a research engineer is discovering a new and better solution to a difficult problem. It is particularly thrilling when, after a long and arduous struggle, my research students and I experience the breakthrough

点评：回忆自己的助教经历，并阐述自己作为助教的激动时刻是听到一个学生在激动地谈论着一个经过艰辛学习最终理解的概念，说明对专业的热爱度

 平实型

Three jobs, including full-time and part-time, in three different types of companies and institute has given me hands-on experience in organization communities in both domestic and cross-culture settings. Such experiences not only help me to deepen knowledge and understanding into organization communication, but also enable me to define my career goal: to become a organization communication professional working with multinational corporation or a consulting firm.

点评：作者回忆自己的三段从职经历，但都是围绕自己在实际中接触应用oc中的知识，并进一步加深了理解和理论上的学习，确定了我的职业目标：成为oc的应用者，从事组织内部的协调和沟通工作。

2.3 按照句式分类

 排比句――简洁却不失强烈的震撼

When I was 6 years old, I sang children’s songs to alleviate the pain of my sick mother and so brought laughter to the whole family.

When I was 20 years old, I tried to relieve the pain of villagers who fell ill in bed with the knowledge I have learned in the medical school, and so brought laughter to the whole village.

When I was 22 years old, I was shocked at the incapability of doctors in the face of infectious viral diseases when they could adopt adjuvant therapies to prolong the life of patients. Having been aware of the weakness of doctors, I decided on my future career in fundamental medical research: that is, to ease the pain of patients from all over the world rather than a family or a village by making a breakthrough in fundamental medical research. 点评： 在这个开头中，作者用了一组排比将自己为什么选择这个专业简单却强有力的表达出来。

One of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in literature. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. I strongly believe that although some are not related directly, all these qualities will influence my graduate work. 点评： 这个开头在一组简洁有力排比中，一个上进的，个性鲜明的优秀的年轻人的形象跃然纸上。

 陈述句――平实中突出实在严谨的治学态度

The aim of economics is to solve practical problems. If it were simply theoretical, it would make no impact on the real world. According to Coase and Arguin, a practical survey will inform people of what the world looks like even though it fails to propose significant arguments. And It is my thoughts and my experience in my college life.It is my college life that has helped me draw such a conclusion. In the near future, I will still persist in an effort to fulfill my dream and put forward more practically valuable advice and theories for China’s reform.

点评： 申请者通过客观的平实的成熟，来阐述她对经济学的认识，她的职业目标，突现出严谨实在的治学态度，但平时中却饱含了激情和追求！

 感叹句――惊叹中抓住读者的视线

How wonderful! When I was seventeen years old as soon as I printed my first program:” Hello World!”, I realized that computer can make the world much more colorful！ 多么精彩呀! 17岁当我用C语言编译器在电脑里面编写出我的第一个程序“Hello World !”的时候我知道计算机肯定可以让这个枯燥的世界变得多彩！

点评： 在惊叹中一下抓住教授的实现，引起教授继续往下阅读的兴趣。

 反问或者设问句

Is possible that a woman can gain academic leadership in economics, a field of male-dominance? What can women do differently? How can we be accepted as full partners rather than added assets only for diversity? Girls in the department of economics who are aspired for an academic career are often haunted by such questions, including me. 点评：通过对比在在一个男性占有主导地位的学术领域中，女性会成为杰出的经济学家吗？作者知道尽管会面临种种的困难，但她有自信，也有信念用一生去坚持我所热爱的经济学研究，在中国的经济学发展中留下自己的足迹。

 强转折句式

The Central Bank is an ideal place for women. It is unequivocal

点评： 申请者通过BUT这个强转折句式，以最快的速度抓住教授的视线，通过前后强烈的对比在阐明自己申请的专业，职业目标的同时完整展现出一个有抱负，有思想的女性形象。给人留

下深刻的印象。

 对话式――以对话为开头，再引出事件的重点

“You are very lucky,” my father said to me. “Why?” I questioned in puzzlement. He drew a circle on a piece of paper, then made a dot in its circumference and asked me, “Which way is the shortest to reach the symmetrical dot in the circumference from this point?” “Diameter,” I responded, and with this answer I suddenly realized that I was lucky enough to live a diametrical life, namely, a very smooth life. Since I exposed myself to the research in materials, I have been aspiring to become a scientist, and God has blessed me with a diametrical life without any waste of time or life.

点评： 申请者通过和父亲的对话不仅仅阐明了自己申请的专业，职业目标，同时还通过形象的比喻表明了自己的对生活，对人生的态度。此外也显示出父亲对孩子的教育模式和教育思想，而对于家庭的教育和成长环境国外教授也是非常看重的。

3. 总结

这里值得注意的是，XX同学，PS写作的形式，写作风格和句式这三者并不是分割开来的，需要相互支撑，融合在开头的写作之中。

正如之前我们提到过的一个开头：“Life is just like the ocean----whatever choice you make as a steersman, you must be well aware of your favorite, namely, which is worthy of pursuing in your whole lifetime.!” Since I was admitted into Harbin Institute of Technology three years ago, these words, just like a bright lamp, have been lightening my future and leading the way to my favorite career--- the studies of educational technology.在这个开头中申请者运用了写作形式中的以对话为开头，引用，精辟设喻，同时运用了写作风格中的哲理型，写作句式中的对话式。

所以，要想让自己PS的开头吸引人，你不妨结合自己的特点，对以上开头进行综合运用。 在看完以上解析后，期待你的反馈！