英语复合句的用法及解题技巧

作者：王亚西

考试 1997年06期

　　在高考英语试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，复习时应该注意：

　　1.倡发散思维，忌单向思维，考各种从属句，常常是不同类型的连接词语正误连缀而至，如果不抓住这一点，不从多方面思考选择，就容易以偏概全，误入歧途。

　　2.弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等。

　　3.熟记句型及特殊表达形式。

　　4.注意各分句之间的特点及区别。

　　5.注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。

　　总之在做习题时，不能生搬硬套，一成不变，要全方位的思考，摸清出题者的意图，灵活机动，随着不同的语言环境而变化。

　　一、状语从句：

　　状语从句又可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、行为方式、条件、让步及比较等几种形式。

　　1.I'll go with you as soon as I ____my work.

　　A.will finish B.shall finish C.finish D.finished

　　选C.在时间、条件状语从句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词，从句用一般现在时。如果主句是过去将来时，从句可以用一般过去时。能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词，常见的有：when,until（till一般不用于句首）,as soon as,after,before,the moment,the instant,the minute,immediately,directly,unless,as long as,suppose等。如：

　　（1）Unless he comes,we won't be able to go.

　　（2）Suppose it goes on raining,what shall we do?

　　（3）Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."

　　2.No sooner_____the news than they rushed out into the street.

　　A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard

　　选D.no sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示“—… 就”，主句一般用过去完成时（had+V-ed），从句用一般过去时，如果hardly,no sooner,scarcely放句首，主谓倒装。

　　3.Although he is considered a great writer,____(MET'91)

　　A.his works are not widely read B.but his works are not widely read C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read

　　选A.这是一个让步状语从句，主句与从句之间有一个从属连词although(though)，不能再加but,however,still等，但可以和yet连用。

　　4.No matter how hard he worked,____（84年）

　　A.he could not do any better B.and he could not do any better

　　C.so he could do any bettes D.but he could not do any better

　　选A.由no matter引导的让步状语从句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列连接词。

　　5.____he might,he failed,A.Try as B.As try C.Tried as D.As tried

　　选A.为了强调让步的意义，表示出非常强烈的对照，用as或though引导的让步状语从句，从句的语序要作部分调整，即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首。如果表语是单数可数名词，移置句首时，名词前不用冠词。如：

　　（1）Much as I like it,I will not buy it.（2）Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.

　　6.Did the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell thema part?

　　A.and B.that C.as D.so that

　　选B.目的状语从句的表达：“主+谓+that(so that,in order that)+主+may(might,can,could,shouldn't等)+谓”。

　　7.____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel.

　　A.Now that B.But that C.And that D.Since that

　　选A.now that相当于since。表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等。

　　8.It was____a hundred people looked lost in it.

　　A.so large a room that B.so large a room C.such large a room thatD.a such large room

　　选A.引导结果状语从句：

　　so+adj(adv)+that从句so+adj+a(an)+n+that从句such+a(an)+adj+n+that从句

　　表示“这样……（一个）……以至于……”。

　　9.The harder he worked,____he felt.

　　A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest

　　选B.the+比较级+主+谓，the+比较级+主+谓，意思是“越……越……”。

　　二、定语从句

　　定语从句是在复合句中使其修饰的某一名词或代词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。在做定语从句的练习时，首先应该找出先行词，然后再确定选择关系代词或关系副词。能够引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有who,whom,whose,that,which,when,why,where。

　　1.She heard a terrible noise,____brought her heart into ber mouth.(MET'91)

　　A.it B.which C.this D.that

　　选B.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用which不能用that。

　　2.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten wiondows,most of____hadn't cleaned for at least a year.(MET'90)

　　A.these B.those C.that D.which

　　选D.如果选A、B、C，整个句子不符合语法要求，因为有一个“逗号”，不是并列句，因此只能是一个非限定性定语从句，在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which。

　　3.His parents wouldn't marry anyone____family was poor.(MET'88)

　　A.of whom B.whom c.of whose D.whose

　　选D.因为whose作family的定语。

　　4.Finally the thief handed in everything____he had stolen to the police.(MET'87)

　　A.after B.what C.whatever D.that

　　选D.因为A、B、C不能引导定语从句。先行词everything，关系代词that在从句中作宾语。当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等，关系代词只能由that引导。

　　5.All____is needed is a supply of oil.(MET'89)

　　A.the thing B.that C.what C.which

　　选B.All作先行词，关系代词由that引导。

　　6.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.（85年）

　　A.where B.who C.in which D.which

　　选D.question是先行词，在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。

　　7.The man____talked to you just now is an engineer.（80年）

　　A.who B.where C.which D.what

　　选A.先行词是man。在从句中作主语，所以选who。

　　8.The word"write"has the same pronunciation____the work"right".（84年）

　　A.of B.as C.to D.from

　　选B.先行词中含有such,the same时，或先行词被such,the same修饰时，关系代词用as引导。

　　9.Watch the girl and her dog____are crossing the bridge.

　　A.which B.who C.they D.that

　　选D.当先行词含有“人”和“物”时，关系代词用that。

　　10.This dictionary,a few pages____are missing,is of no use.

　　A.among which B.of which C.which D.in which

　　选B.dictionary是先行词，which是关系代词，a few pages of which(diciotnary)。

　　11.You may take____book you like.

　　A.which B.only c.whichever D.what

　　选C.复合关系代词本身兼有先行词。whichever=anything that,whatever=anything that,whoever=anyone who,whomever=anyone whom,whosever=anyone whose。

　　12.This is the best dictionary____I've ever bought.

　　A.with which B.that C.which D.when

　　选B.先行词是dictionary，因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any等修饰时，关系代词用that。

　　13.I still remember the day____I first came to Beijing.

　　A.which B.that C.when D.where

　　选C.先行词the day，在定语从句中作状语，所以选when。当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，关系词选用when或where,that或which，主要取决于在定语从句中所作成份，如果作宾语，用that或which，作状语用when或where。如：

　　（1）I still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside.

　　先行词是the days,spent是及物动词，that/which作spent的宾语。

　　（2）This is the place where I lived three years ago.

　　先行词是place,lived是不及物动词，where在从句中作状语。

　　（3）This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.

　　先行词是place,visited是及物动词，that/which在从句中作宾语。

　　14.____,Charles Dickens was an English writetr.

　　A.It's knownn to all B.It's known that C.We all know D.As is known to all

　　选D.as引出非限定性定语从句，表示“正如……那样”。类似的还有：as you know,as you see,as can be known,as has been pointed out,as is known to all等。

　　15.I don't like the way____you laughed at her.

　　A.which B.in that C.where D.that

　　选D.先行词是the way，表示方式，可用that（可省）或in which来引导一个定语从句。如果先行词是时间或原因，也可用that（可省）或when或why来引导定语从句。如：

　　（1）This was the reason that/why he was late yesterday.

　　（2）This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

　　三、名词性从句：

　　在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些统称为名词性从句。

　　1.Can you make sure____the gold ring?(MET'90)

　　A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put

　　选C.在宾语从句中，须用陈述句自然语序（即疑问词+主语+谓语）。主句是现在时，从句也亦用相应的一类时态，现在完成时。

　　2.These photographs will show you____(MET'89)

　　A.what does out village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like

　　选B.“show”后面接一个宾语从句，A，C语序不合，D答案中的how是副词，不能作like的宾语。

　　3.They want to know____do to help us.(MET'88)

　　A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can they

　　选B.know后面接一个宾语从句，A，D语序不合，C答案中的how是副词，不能作do的宾语。

　　4.They have no idea at all____.(MET'87)

　　A.where he has gone B.where did he go C.which place has he gone D.where has he gone

　　选A.根据宾语从句语序。

　　5.Can you tell me____?（85年）

　　A.Who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman

　　选C.在宾语从句中that gentleman作主语，who作表语。

　　6.The old gentleman never fails to help____is in need of help.

　　A.whom B.who Cwhoever D.whomever

　　选C.whoever=anyone who。如：

　　（1）You may do whatever(anything that) you like.

　　（2）Return the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.

　　（3）You had better see the men for yourself and choose whichever (any one of them that) you like.

　　7.____comes back first is supposed to win the prize.

　　A.Those who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The one who

　　选C.Whoever=anyone who。A主谓不一致，B句子结构不正确，D无让步意味。

　　8.The news____we had won in the match excited us all.

　　A.that B.where C.which D.X

　　选A.We had won in the match就是the news 的具体内容，同位语从句中的连词that，尽管不作任何成份，但不能省去。

作者介绍：王亚西 四川省达川市第一中学 635000