英语:名词的用法总结
I 名词
1. 含义
用来表示人，动物，时间，地点，状态或抽象名词。名词是一种实词，名词可以做主语、宾语、定语、同位语、宾补、状语、表语、独立成分等。
1）单复数同行的词
Chinese li 里 people Swiss 瑞士人 deer means 手段 series 系列
Vietnamese 越南人 fish mu 亩 sheep yuan 元 Japanese
2）常用复数形式的词
arms 武器 earnings 挣的钱 pants 裤子socks 袜子 ashes 灰烬 findings 调查结果 pyjamas 睡衣裤 stairs 楼梯 belongs 所有物 firewoods 烟火 remains 残余 surroundings 环境 clothes 衣服 forces 武装部队 savings 储蓄 trousers 裤子
sweepings 扫拢的垃圾compass 指南针 glasses 眼镜 scissors 剪刀 thanks 感激 congratulations 祝贺 jeans 牛仔裤 shoes 鞋子 tropics 热带 doings 行为 mountains 山脉 shorts 短裤
3) 形式为复数，意思为单数
News 消息 crossroads 十字路口 physics 物理
politics 政治 mathematics 数学 headquarters 司令部
4）表示总体意义，总用作复数
police 警察 people 人们，人民 clothes 衣服 cattle 牛群 public 公众 Exercise ：用be 动词填空
1.
Two hundred police____ on duty.
2. A lot of people ____ on the square.
3. Many cattle _____ kept.
集合名词若作为一个整体看待的话，谓语用单数；若作为个体看待，谓语用复数。 Exercises:
1 My family ___ (be) a big one.
2 When I came in, his family ____ (be) watching TV.
3 The football team ____ (be) very good.
4 The team ____ (be) bathing.
6) 有些名词在中国人看来不可数，当在英语表达中却可以加a/an.
e.g a/an coffee/hurry/pleasure/success
a/an rain/income/population/surprise
a/an education/increase/rest/time
a/an headache/interest/reward/trip
a/an help/knowledge/ride/voice/walk
a/an history/salary/sight/pity/honor/whisper
e.g1) I had a good time at the party.
2) After supper we go out for a walk.
3) The snow that covers the top of the mountain is a beautiful sight.
4) He got a good education when he was in England.
5) China has a population of 1.3 billion.
6) China is a large country with a long history.
7). 有些名词通常用作单数，表示整体，比如hair, fruit, vegetable, 但是表示若干种头发，若干水果，若干蔬菜时，则需要用复数形式。
e.g 1) Mother’s hair is grey.
She has a few white hairs.
2)The fruit is ripening.
Her daughter likes pears, apples, and other juicy fruits.
8) 有些名词单复数意思不同。
people 人们 ---peoples 人民 game 游戏--- games运动会
compass 指南针--- compasses圆规 interest 兴趣--- interests 利益
manner 方法--- manners礼貌 custom 习惯，风俗--- customs海关，关税
5. 名词的量
1) 常表示一双，一对、一副，如：a pair of shoes a pair of glasses a pair of socks
2）其他的量、数、单位词
a. 常搭配不可数名词：piece 片、块、张、条, slice 落片, cup ，glass 杯, lump
块, bar 条, block 块、片, sum 一笔, drop 一滴, sheet 片、张、页, loaf 块、个, grain 粒, cake 块, ear 穗, bottle 瓶
b. 搭配可数名词：set 组、套 , row 排, copy 本、复印本, group 组、群, team 队, line 行, suit 套, bunch 捆、束, pocket 包、袋, basket 篮
3）限定词
a. 只能修饰可数名词：many, few, a number of
b. 只能修饰不可数名词：much, little, a large mount of, a great deal of
c. 两者都可以修饰：some, any, plenty of, a lot of, a large quantity of
6. 名词所有格
1. 构成
1）表示有生命的东西的所有格（如上表），但在某些习惯用语中也表示无生命的东西的所有格。
e.g The beach is within a stone’s throw. 到海边只有一步之遥。
2) 表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体机构等无生命名词的所有格。
e.g a ten minutes’ walk China ’s industry today ’s newspaper
3）表类别、属性 men ’s shoes a doctor’s degree children ’s books
a summer’s day a worker’s family
4）表动作的执行者或承受者 my teacher’s praise children ’s education
5）’s 所有格后面的名词如果指商店、家宅、教堂、诊所等地点时，该名词常被省略。
the doctor’s 诊所 the tailor’裁缝店 the butcher’s 肉店 the grocer’s 食品店 the barber ’s 理发店 my uncle ’我叔叔家 Queen ’s 女王学院 Johnson ’s 约翰逊的家/商店
6）’s 所有格修饰的名词，如果上文已经提到，常省略，避免重复。
e.g This is not Tom’s book, it’s his friend’s.
1.2 of 所有格构成：名词+ of+名词
e.g the capital of China, the door of the room,
the life of the poor, the grandpa of the children
1.3 双重所有格构成：of+名词’s (或名词性物主代词)
1）表整体中的部分 a friend of my father’s = one of my father’s friends
a class of mine a class of Tom’s
2) 表示赞赏或厌恶的感情
the performance of teachers’--- teacher’s performance(不欣赏，不赞成)
the wife of Mr. Green’s--- Mr. Green’s wife(带有厌恶情绪)
Exercises:
1.Both Marx and Engels were___.
a. Germans b. Germen c. from German d. Germany
2. My teacher gave me___ just now.
a. an advice b. an advise c. a piece of advice d.a piece of advise
3.I saw____ in the meeting-room.
a. many people b. much people c. many peoples d. a lot of people
4. Have you read____?
a. today b. the today paper c. today’s paper d. the today’s paper
5. My father has had one of his ___ taken out.
a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. teeths
6. He made many mistakes in his composition because of___.
a. careless b. careful c. carelessness d. carefulness
7. Where are the ___ clothes?
a. women’s b. women’ c. of women’s d. woman’s
8. After climbing for two hours we were glad to take___ rest.
a. a few minute’s b. a few minutes’ c. a little minutes d. a little minute’s
9. The woman over there is ___.
a. Julia and Mary mother b. Julia and Mary’s mother
c. Julia’s and Mary’s mother d. Julia’s and Mary mother
10. His work is better than___.
a. anyone b. anyone else c. anyone else’s d. anyone’s else
11. He forgot both of the ___.
a. rooms numbers b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers
12. The dictionary is sent by ___.
a. a friend of my father b. a friend of my father’s
c. my father friend d. my father friend’s
13. Li Ying has three ___.
a. brothers-in-law b. brothers-in-laws c. brother-in-law d. brother-in-laws
14. Mr. Smith looks very happy today. He has got ___ good news from home. a. many b.much c. little d. a few
15. The book you gave me wasn’t really ___.
a. much used b. able to use c. of useful d. of much use
16. There ___ some ____ in the woods.
a. is, deer b. are, deers c. is deers d. are, deer
17. Which do you prefer, ____ or ____?
a. potatos, tomatos b. potatos, tomatoes
c. potatoes, tomatos d. potatoes, tomatoes
18. We will work for the people all our ___.
a. lifes b. lives c. live d. life
19. The ___ of the cottage were covered with___.
a. roofs, leafs b. roofs, leaves c. rooves, leafs d. rooves, leaves
20. Beijing has ___.
a. many populations b. a large population
c. much population d. large population
21. What a lot of __ I have to finish today!
a. works b. work c. job d. working
22. Will you please make ___ for the man outside?
a. space b. place c. room d. seats
23. My younger sister always wears beautiful ___.
a. clothes b. cloth c. clothing d. dressing
24. The little died a heroic____.
a. dying b. dead c. death d. die
25. She has a good___ and sings beautifully.
a. sound b. noise c. voice d. throat
26. Mary regards Shanghai as her second ___ because she has been here for over then years.
a. family b. room c. house d. home
27. Is this a good camera? Can it take color___?
a. portraits b. film shows c. pictures d. paintings
28. Did you see that ___, involving two cars and a bike?
a. accident b. incident c. danger d. event
29. I watched a wrestling ___ on TV the other day.
a. fight b. match c. play d. sport
30. The teacher did according to the students’ ____.
a. advice b. advise c. advices d. suggestion
31. I had to tell Mr. Wood my ___ in the school and at last I told him the truth that I didn’t have any___ in teaching.
a. experiences, experience b. experience, experiences
c. experience, experience d. experiences, experiences
32. The ___ of the fire hasn’t been discovered.
a. excuse b. reason c. source d. cause
33. His parents always let him have his own ___ of living.
a. method b. way c. means d. mean
34. Let’s meet in the garden during the lunch___.
a. rest b. break c. stop d. time
35. ____ must be carried out on the new equipment.
a. Examination b. Experiments c. Tests d. Checks