医学英语会话与阅读答案

C H A P T E R 1 Answer Section

Answers to Chapter Exercises

1. combining form

2. Prefix

3. Diarrhea

4. Psychology

5-7. c b d

8. dis-FUNK-shun

9. RU -ma-toyd

10. kron-o LOJ-ik

11. FAR-inks

12. narcotic

13. nitrogen

14. surface

15. vascular

16. thoracic

Answers to Case Study Questions

1-7. c d b b a e c

8. hem/o, hemat/o

9. chapter 7

10. in; within

11. intra-

12. ear; nose; larynx

13. same, unchanging

14. g

15. computed tomography

Answers to Chapter Exercises

EXERCISE 2-1

1. -ism

2. -y

3. -ia

4. -ism

5. -sis, -osis

6. -sis, -asis

7. -ia

8. -sis, -osis

9. -y

EXERCISE 2-2

1. -ist

2. -logy

3. -iatrics

4. -ist

5. -iatry

6. anatomist

7. pediatrician

8. radiologist

9. orthodontist

EXERCISE 2-3

1. -ary

2. -ic

3. -ic

4. -ous

5. -form

6. -oid

7. -ical

8. –ile

9. -al

10. -ical

11. -ar

12. -ary

13. -ory

EXERCISE 2-4

1. vertebrae

2. ganglia

3. omenta

4. testes

5. lumina

6. matrices

7. sera

8. meninges

9. foci

10. pelves

11. adenomata

Answers to Chapter Review 2-1

1. -ism

2. -ia

3. -sis

4. -y

5. -sis

6. -ia

7. -iatry

8. -ist

9. -ics

10. -logy

11. pediatrician

12. dermatologist

13. pharmacist

14. gynecologist

15. -ic

16. -al

17. -ous

18. -oid

19. -ar

20. -ic

21. -ary

22. -al

23. -oid

24. -ile

25. -ical

26. -ar

27. -ory

28. patellae

29. prognoses

30. bacteria

31. fungi

32. protozoa

33. pharynges

34. apices

35. foramen

36. nucleus

37. ganglion

38. vertebra

39. index

40. carcinoma

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. c

2. a

3. a

4. -sis

5. -y

6. -ia

7. -ile

8. -ical

9. -ic

10. patella

11. ovum

12. protozoon

13. viral

14. necrosis

15. archeologist

16. internist 17. abdominal

Answers to Chapter Exercises

EXERCISE 3-1

1. one

2. four

3. one

4. half

5. two

6. many

7. four

8. three

9. two

10. di-

11. multi-

12. hemi-

13. uni

EXERCISE 3-2

1. d

2. c

3. a

4. b

5. e

EXERCISE 3-3

1. a-; not, without, lack of, absence

2. anti-; against, opposite

3. a-; not, without (root mnem/o means “memory”)

4. dis-; absence, removal, separation

5. contra-; against

6. in-; not

7. de-; down, without, removal, loss

8. non-; not

9. uncoordinated

10. inadequate

11. disinfect

12. impermeable

13. decongestant

14. incompatible

EXERCISE 3-4

1. per-; through

2. ad-; toward, near

3. ab-; away from

4. dia-; through

5. trans-; through

EXERCISE 3-5

1. d

2. c

3. e

4. b

5. a

EXERCISE 3-6

1. c

2. e

3. d

4. a

5. b

6. equi-; equal, same

7. ortho-; straight, correct, upright

8. re-; again, back

9. eu-; true, good, easy, normal

EXERCISE 3-7

1. c

2. e

3. a

4. b

5. d

6. pre-; before, in front of

7. post-; after, behind

8. pro-; before, in front of

9. ante-; before

EXERCISE 3-8

1. d

2. e

3. b

4. a

5. c

6. syn-; together

7. ex-; away from, outside

8. ecto-; out, outside

9. sym-; together

10. endo-; in, within

11. endogenous

12. dextromanual

13. ectoderm

Answers to Chapter Review

3-1

1. e

2. c

3. d

4. b

5. a

6. d

7. c

8. a

9. b

10. e

11. b

12. e

13. c

14. a

15. d

16. c

17. e

18. d

19. a

20. b

21. one

22. two

23. four

24. left

25. three

26. one

27. two

28. four

29. non-; not

30. trans-; through, across, beyond

31. equi-; equal, same

32. re-; again, back

33. ex-; away from, outside

34. ab-; away from

35. contra-; against, opposite

36. de-; down, without

37. pre-; before, in front of

38. per-; through

39. ad-; toward, near

40. dia-; through

41. anti-; against

42. micro-; small

43. dis-; absence, removal, separation

44. ecto-; out, outside

45. sym-; together

46. pro-; before, in front of

47. in-; not

48. unresponsive

49. immature

50. inactive

51. insufficient

52. endotoxin

53. microscopic

54. heterograft

55. hyperactive

56. postoperative

57. hypersensitivity

58. macrocyte

59. prenatal

60. isolateral

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. hemiarthroplasty

2. antibiotics

3. abduction

4. adducted

5. dis-; absence, removal, separation

6. re-; again, back

7. a-; not, without

8. an-; not, without

9. ortho-; straight, correct, upright

10. ex-; away from, outside

11. bi-; two, twice

12. un-; not

13. preoperative

14. intraoperative

15. postoperative

Answers to Chapter Exercises

EXERCISE 4-1

1. nucleus

2. gland

3. nipple

4. .ber

5. tissue

6. mucus

7. network

8. forms

9. mucus

10. nucleus

11. body

12. cytology

13. histology

14. morphology

EXERCISE 4-2

1. e

2. c

3. d

4. b

5. a

6. b

7. a

8. d

9. e

10. c

11. phag/o; eat, ingest

12. blast; immature cell, productive cell

13. troph; feeding, growth, nourishment

14. plas; formation, molding, development

15. gen; origin, formation

EXERCISE 4-3

1. starch

2. sugar

3. glucose

4. water

5. fat

6. fat

7. gluc/o; glucose

8. steat/o; fatty

9. glyc/o; sugar, glucose

10. lip/o; lipid, fat

LABELING EXERCISE 4-1 DIAGRAM

OF A TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL

1. nucleus

2. nuclear membrane

3. genetic material (DNA)

4. nucleolus

5. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

6. ribosomes

7. plasma membrane

8. cytoplasm

9. mitochondrion

10. Golgi apparatus

11. lysosome

12. centriole

Answers to Chapter Review 4-1

1. c

2. e

3. b

4. a

5. d

6. c

7. e

8. a

9. b

10. d

11. c

12. d

13. e

14. a

15. b

16. d

17. a

18. e

19. b

20. c

21. d

22. b

23. e

24. a

25. c

26. b

27. d

28. e

29. b

30. a

31. e

32. d

33. c

34. a

35. b

36. epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

37. glucose

38. nucleus

39. 46

40. enzyme

41. nucleus

42. cells

43. water

44. fat

45. mucus

46. morphology

47. histology

48. cytogenesis

49. protease

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. c

2. d

3. d

4. a

5. mono-; one

6. pro-; before, in front of

7. neo-; new

8. a-; not, without

9. leuko-; white, colorless

10. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

11. thromboplastin, neoplasm, dysplasia

12. lymphocytes, monocytes, cytology, leukocyte

C H A P T E R 5 Answer Section

Answers to Chapter Exercises

EXERCISE 5-1

1. cephalic

2. thoracic

3. cervical

4. lumbar

5. abdominal

6. peritoneum

7. abdomen

EXERCISE 5-2

1. extremities (hands and feet)

2. arms

3. .ngers or toes

4. arms and head

5. one who studies and treats the foot

6. feet

EXERCISE 5-3

1. perioral

2. infrascapular

3. periocular

4. subcostal

5. suprapatellar

6. extracellular

7. near the nose

8. behind the uterus

9. above the pelvis

10. within a vessel

11. above the neck

12. between the .ngers or toes

13. on or over the cranium

14. below the navel

15. near the sacrum

LABELING EXERCISE 5-1 DIRECTIONAL TERMS

1. superior (cephalad)

2. inferior (caudal)

3. anterior (ventral)

4. posterior (dorsal)

5. proximal

6. distal

7. medial

8. lateral

LABELING EXERCISE 5-2 PLANES OF DIVISION

1. frontal plane

2. sagittal plane

3. transverse plane

LABELING EXERCISE 5-3 SIDE VIEW

OF THE BODY CAVITIES

1. cranial cavity

2. spinal cavity (canal)

3. dorsal activity

4. thoracic cavity

5. diaphragm

6. abdominal cavity

7. pelvic cavity

8. abdominopelvic cavity

9. ventral cavity

LABELING EXERCISE 5-4 THE NINE REGIONS

OF THE ABDOMEN

1. epigastric region

2. umbilical region

3. hypogastric region

4. right hypochondriac region

5. right lumbar (LUM-bar) region

6. right iliac region; also inguinal region

7. left hypochondriac region

8. left lumbar region

9. left iliac region; also inguinal (ING-gwi-nal) region

Answers to Chapter Review 5-1

1. b 2. D 3. e

4. c

5. a

6. d

7. e

8. b

9. c

10. a

11. e

12. c

13. b

14. d

15. a

16. F dorsal

17. F proximal

18. T

19. T

20. F superior

21. T

22. T

23. F prone

24. neck

25. head

26. arm

27. abdomen

28. thorax, chest

29. peritoneum

30. foot

31. within the abdomen

32. behind the peritoneum

33. under the tongue

34. between the buttocks

35. pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis

36. circumocular

37. inframammary

38. dorsal

39. anterior

40. microcephaly

41. intracellular

42. distal

43. inferior

44. suprapubic

45. deep

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. c

3. e

4. d

5. b

6–15. See diagram

Answers to Chapter Exercises

EXERCISE 6-1

1. pyr/o; fever

2. toxic/o; poison

3. py/o; pus

4. path/o; disease

5. cancer, carcinoma

6. calculus, stone

7. tumors

8. disease

9. pus

10. hardening

11. poison, toxin

12. pain

EXERCISE 6-2

1. e

2. b

3. d

4. a

5. c

6. mal-; bad, poor

7. dys-; abnormal, painful, dif.cult

8. pachy-; thick

EXERCISE 6-3

1. b

2. d

3. a

4. e

5. c

6. e

7. a

8. c

9. b

10. d

11. enlargement of the stomach

12. in.ammation of the stomach

13. any disease of the stomach

14. hernia of the stomach

EXERCISE 6-4

1. e

2. c

3. b

4. d

5. a

6. widening of a bronchus

7. accumulation of .uid in or swelling of a bronchus

8. sudden contraction (spasm) of a bronchus

9. narrowing of a bronchus

EXERCISE 6-5

1. bacilli or a bacillus

2. grapelike cluster

3. twisted chains

4. virology

5. mycology

6. bacteriology

Answers to Chapter

Review 6-1

1. b

2. d

3. c

4. e

5. a

6. c

7. e

8. b

9. d

10. a

11. a

12. d

13. b

14. e

15. c

16. b

17. e

18. d

19. c

20. a

21. b

22. c

23. e

24. a

25. d

26. d

27. e

28. b

29. c

30. a

31. d

32. a

33. e

34. b

35. c

36. neoplasm

37. in.ammation

38. chronic

39. metastasis

40. sarcoma

41. toxins; poisons

42. necrosis

43. spasm

44. hernia

45. carcinogenesis

46. pathogenesis

47. oncogenesis

48. pyogenesis

49. neuropathy

50. neuritis

51. neuralgia

52. neuroma

53. osteomalacia

54. osteoma

55. osteolysis

56. osteoclasis

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. c

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. a

6. d

7. c

8. b

9. a

10. e

11. hernia

12. gland

13. bacillus

14. sarcoma

15. malignant hyperpyrexia (also called hyperthermia

or MH)

16. human immunode.ciency virus

17. puri.ed protein derivative

18. electrocardiogram

19. acid-fast bacillus

Answers to Chapter Exercises

CHAPTER REVIEW 7-1

1. b

2. c

3. e

4. a

5. d

6. c

7. d

8. e

9. a

10. b

11. b

12. e

13. a

14. d

15. c

16. b

17. d

18. c

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. sequelae

2. palpation

3. normocephalic

4. paracentesis

5. biopsy

6. diagnostic laparoscopy

7. hyperabduction

8. c

9. b

10. d

19. e

20. a

21. d

22. c

23. e

24. a

25. b

26. e

27. a

28. d

29. b

30. c

31. d

32. c

33. a

34. e

35. b

36. erg/o; work

37. radi/o; radiation, x-ray

38. chron/o; time

39. bar/o; pressure

40. aer/o; air, oxygen

41. cystorrhaphy

42. cystoplasty

43. cystotomy

44. cystopexy

45. cystostomy

46. Chemotherapy. The others are examining methods;chemotherapy is treatment with chemicals.

47. Syncope. The others are examining instruments;syncope is fainting.

48. Sequela. The others are surgical

49. TMN. The others are abbreviations for imagingtechniques; TMN is an abbreviation for a system of

instruments;sequela is a lasting effect of disease.staging cancer.

50. working together of parts or drugs

a. together

51. Formation of color or pigment

a. color

b. origin, formation

b. work

c. condition of

c. condition of

52. instrument for recording chest sounds

a. sound

b. chest

c. instrument for recording data

11. c

12. a

13. history of present illness

14. cancer

15. activities of daily living

16. temperature, pulse, respiration

17. beats per minute

18. within normal limits

19. discontinue

20. normal saline solution

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. diaphoresis

2. sublingual

3. stress test

4. cardiovascular disease

5. endarterectomies

6. murmur

7. cyanosis

8. stenosis

9. interatrial

10. substernal

11. d

12. b

13. c

14. e

15. a

16. e

17. a

18. coronary/cardiac care unit

19. acute myocardial infarction

20. coronary artery disease

21. left anterior descending

22. congestive heart failure

23. transesophageal echocardiogram

24. mitral valve replacement

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. c

3. d

4. b

5. b

6. e

7. d

8. d

9. c

10. a

11. c

12. e

13. b

14. b

15

. c

16. d

17. e

18. b

19. a

20. immunoglobulin

21. hemoglobin

22. hematocrit

23. fresh frozen plasma

24. prothrombin time

25. partial thromboplastin time

26. disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. c

3. d

4. b

5. d

6. e

7. lobectomy

8. diaphoresis

9. thoracotomy

10. bronchodilator

11. thoracoscopy

12. hemithorax

13. ventilation

14. pneumonia

15. wheezing

16. mediastinoscopy

17. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

18. forced expiratory volume

19. forced vital capacity

20. arterial blood gas

21. adult respiratory distress syndrome

22. do not resuscitate

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. c

2. d

3. a

4. e

5. d

6. a

7. c

8. b

9. c

10. d

11. b

12. e

13. e

14. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

15. right upper quadrant

16. nasogastric

17. in.ammatory bowel disease

18. duodenal

19. mesenteric

20. focal

21. exudate

22. occult blood

23. icterus

24. antiemetic

25. cholelithiasis

26. laparoscopic cholecystectomy

27. cholecystitis

28. cholangiogram

29. sphincter

30. biopsy

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. c

2. d

3. a

4. a

5. d

6. IV urogram

7. oliguria

8. nocturia

9. ureteral laser lithotripsy

10. kidney transplant

11. lithotomy

12. urinary tract infection

13. continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

14. blood urea nitrogen

15. end-stage renal disease

16. human immunode.ciency virus

17. cystometrogram

18. physiologic saline solution

19. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. d

2. a

3. c

4. d

5. c

6. a

7. c

8. bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy

9. strangulated hernia

10. prostatitis

11. intravesical

12. balanitis

13. phimosis

14. benign prostatic hyperplasia

15. transurethral resection of the prostate

16. bladder neck obstruction

17. urinary tract infection

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. d

3. b

4. a

5. e

6. d

7. c

8. e

9. prolapsed

10. zygote

11. pelvimetry

12. fundus

13. Apgar score

14. placenta

15. dilatation and curettage

16. bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

17. pelvic in.ammatory disease

18. hormone replacement therapy

19. in vitro fertilization

20. cephalopelvic disproportion

21. obstetrics

22. gynecology

23. genitourinary

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. a

3. d

4. a

5. c

6. d

7. d

8. a

9. b

10. c

11. e

12. jaundice

13. lipase

14. nephrectomy

15. adenoma

16. ampule

17. hyperglycemia

18. nothing by mouth/non per os

19. nasogastric

20. blood urea nitrogen

21. within normal limits

22. neutral protamine Hagedorn

23. continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. e

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. c

6. e

7. b

8. e

9. astrocytoma

10. craniotomy

11. seizure

12. hemiparesis

13. aphasia

14. meningitis

15. subdural hematoma

16. paranoia

17. antispasmodic

18. neuroleptics

19. psychiatrist

20. computed tomography

21. lumbar puncture

2

2. neurological intensive care unit (also means

neonatal intensive care unit)

23. intracranial pressure

24. cerebrospinal .uid

25. cerebrovascular accident

26. transient ischemic attack

27. level of consciousness

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. a

2. a

3. d

4. c

5. e

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. c

2. b

3. c

4. e

5. c

6. a

7. d

8. b

9. zygomatic

10. periosteum

11. meniscus

12. bilateral

13. sternum

14. arthroplasty

15. idiopathic

16. scapulectomy

17. fracture

18. osteotomies

19. degenerative joint disease

20. magnetic resonance imaging

21. nonsteroidal anti-in.ammatory drugs

22. computed tomography

23. normal saline solution

24. temporomandibular joint

25. osteogenesis imperfecta

26. open reduction internal .xation

27. posterior spinal fusion

28. estimated blood loss

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. d

3. e

4. a

5. b

6. d

7. c

8. a

9. c

10. d

11. b

12. c

13. c

14. e

15. brachial

16. orthopedic

17. .exion

18. plantar .exion

19. physical therapy

20. range of motion

21. rule out

22. electromyogram

23. somatosensory evoked potentials

24. postanesthetic care unit

Case Studies

Answers to Case Study Questions

1. b

2. c

3. d

4. e

5. a

6. c

7. b

8. d

9. a

10. e

11. e

12. d

13. dermabrasion

14. nodule

15. dermatologist

16. subcutaneous tissue

17. erythema/erythroderma

18. hyperkeratosis

19. débridement

20. ischemia

21. full-thickness skin graft

22. split-thickness skin graft

23. sun protection factor

24. at bedtime

25. twice per day

ercise 6-3