中考英语动词时态考点归纳与例析

中考英语动词时态考点归纳与例析

【重点讲解】

在汉语里不管什么时候发生的动作，表示动作的动词的形式不变。但在英语里不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种动词形式称为“时态”。英语共有16种时态，常用的有8种。

1、一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时的用法。

1）一般现在时表示客观事实、普遍真理、习惯性和经常性的动作，以及现在的特征等。常与often, always, usually, on Monday, every day(week, month, year…)等连用。如果主语是第三人称单数，行为动词要在原形后加-s或-es。例如： I often go swimming in the river in summer.我夏天经常在河里游泳。

She usually does her homework at 5:00 p.m. in the afternoon. 她经常在下午五点钟做作业。

2）现在进行时由 “be (is/am/are) + 现在分词”构成，表示说话时或现阶段正在进行和发生的动作。例如：

--- Look! What are they doing over there? 看！他们在那边干什么？ --- They are playing football. 他们在踢足球。

3）现在完成时由 “have/has + 过去分词”构成，其用法主要有两种：一是强调发生在过去并在说话时已完成的动作对现在所造成的结果和影响；二是动作始于过去，现在仍继续，也许还会持续下去。现在完成时常与for, since引导的时间段或点以及so far, already, yet, in the past few weeks, before等时间状语连用。例如：

I lost my ticket for the film. I haven‟t found it yet. 我把电影票丢了, 到现在还没有找到。

The Smiths have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. 斯密斯一家已经在深圳住了十年。

2、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。

1）一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。行为动词一般过去式的规则变化是在词尾加-ed/d。常用的时间状语有yesterday, last night, just now, five days ago等以及由after, before, when, while等。例如： Our family went to Shanghai five days ago. 五天前，我们一家去了上海。

She turned off the light after she finished washing clothes. 她在洗完衣服之后就关灯了。

2）过去进行时由 “was/were + 现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作，常与at that time, this time yesterday, at 8 yesterday morning, from 10 to 11 last night 以及when, while 引导的时间状语从句等连用。例如：

I was watching TV this time yesterday. 昨天这个时间我正在看电视。

The boys were having lessons at that time. 那个时间男孩们正在上课。

3）过去完成时由 “had +过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作, 即 “过去的过去”，句中常用by the end of last week, be fore, when 等引导的时间状语。例如：

The plane had taken off when he got to the airport. 当他到达飞机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了。

We had learned many English songs by the end of last term. 到上个学期末为止，我们已经学了很多的英语歌曲。

4）过去将来时由 “would + 动词原形” 或 “was/were going to + 动词原形”构成. 表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态. 常与the next morning, the following week等时间状语连用,并多用在宾语从句中。例如：

The teacher told us that we would have a maths test the following week. 老师告诉我们下周要考数学。

She said she would go back to her hometown during the holiday. 她说假期期间她将回到家乡。

3、一般将来时的用法。

一般将来时由 “will/shall + 动词原形” 或 “ am/is/are going to +动词原形”构成，表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有 tomorrow, this evening, next week, in three hours等。例如：

There is going to be an English film tonight. 今晚有一场英语电影。

Mum will be back in three days. 妈妈三天后回来。

【中考链接】

1. --- Is Cindy at home?

--- No, she ________ the library. She _______there a moment ago.

A. has gone to, went

B. has gone to, has been

C. has been to, went D. has been to, has gone

答案：A。【解析】 根据答句开头的“No”可知Cindy不在家已经去图书馆了。所以第一空用has gone；第二空填went，表示刚才“去的”。

2. —When _______ your mother _______ you that blue dress，Mary？

—Sorry，I realy can‟t remember.

A.does；buy

C.had；bought B.has；bought D.did；buy

答案：D。【解析】从问句和选项所提供的信息，可知问句的意思为“你妈妈什么时候给你买的那件蓝色的衣服？”。when 不能跟完成时连用，这里“买”的动作是在过去发生的，所以排除B和C，选D。

3. —What did the teacher say just now?

—Sorry. I didn‟t catch it. I________something else.

A.think B.will think C.was thinking D.had thought

答案：C。【解析】该题的正确答案为C。该题必须根据上下句来理解，第二句所要表达的意思是“刚才老师讲话的时候我在想别的事情。”即表达在过去某一时间发生的动作，所以要用过去进行时was thinking。

4. —What ______ when the earthquake (地震) happened on May 12th ?

—Er, I was having a geography class in the classroom.

A. are you doing B. did you do C. were you doing

答案：C。【解析】本题的答句用了过去进行时was having。结合上下句的语境，问句当然用过去进行时，所以选C。

5. I don‟t know when Jim _______. I‟ll meet him at the airport when he _______.

A. will return; return

C. returned; returned B. returns; will return D. will return; returns.

答案：D。【解析】该题考查when的两种用法。when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导时间状语从句。当when引导宾语从句时，其句中的谓语动词要根据实际情况选用时态，第一空因为动作还没有发生，所以要用一般将来时will return；当when引导时间状语从句的时候，遵循“主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时”的原则, 所以第二空选returns。

6. --- What about seeing the film with me?

--- Sorry. I ______twice.

A. am seeing B. will see C.see D. have seen

答案：D。【解析】该题的语境是“我不想去，因为我看过两次了。” 很明显是强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，符合现在完成时的用法，所以选择D.

7. --- Would you like____ some coffee?

--- No, thanks. I ______some.

A. have, already have

C. having, have yet had B. had, just had D. to have, have already had

答案：D。【解析】该题的正确答案为D。would like 后要接to + 动词原形，所以第一空填 to have；第二空填“have already had”，句子表达的意思为“我已经吃过一些，不用再吃了”。

8. --- What _____your father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy?

--- Let me see…Oh, he was_____ a newspaper.

A. was, reading B. were, watching C. was, looking D. were, seeing

答案：A。【解析】该题考点是过去进行时。过去进行时由 was/were + 动词的-ing形式构成。因为 your father 是单数人称， 所以第一空要选was； 看报纸要用read，而不用look。所以选A。

9. --- Have you _____your ticket yet?

--- No, I‟m still ______it.

A. found, finding

C. found, looking for B. looked for, looking for D. looked for, finding

答案： C。【解析】该题考查find与look for的区别，find意为“找到”，look for意为“寻找”。所以选C。第一空要填found，第二空填looking for。

10. --- Henry, you______ on the phone.

---oh, _______. Thank you.

A. are wanted, I come

C. are being wanted, I come B. are wanted, I‟m coming D. are wanting, I „m coming

答案：B。【解析】该题的正确答案为B. 首先第一空是考查动词的被动语态，表示电话找你。而后一空I‟m coming 表示“我马上就来”。Come的现在进行时可以表示将来时。

11. --- Tomorrow will be Father‟s Day. What will you do for your father?

--- I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he _____up.

A. will wake B. wake C. wakes D. woke

答案：C。【解析】该题考查时间状语从句中动词时态的用法。在含有时间

状语从句的复合句里，当主句为一般将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时表将来。故选C。

12. --- Kate, have you seen Bob these days?

--- Yes, I saw him yesterday. We _______each other for a few days.

A. haven‟t seen B. didn‟t see C. hadn‟t seen D. often saw

答案：C。【解析】该题是考查现在完成时与过去完成时的区别，现在完成时是强调对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作，而过去完成时是强调在过去某一时间之前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。从答语“I saw him yesterday”可知“我是昨天见到他的”，在昨天见面之前“我们很多天没有见面”是“过去的过去”，所以答案为C。

【习题精炼】

1. --- How did the accident happen?

--- It _____difficult to see the road because it _______.

A. was, was raining B. is, has rained C. is, is raining D. will be, will rain

2. --- Where is Miss Gao, Lily?

--- She ____to the teacher‟s.

A. has been B. has gone C. went D. would go

3. --- May I speak to John?

--- Sorry, he _____ Japan. But he _____in two days.

A. had been to, will come back B. has gone to, will be back

C. has been in, would come back D. has gone to, won‟t come back

4. --- Hi, Lin Tao , I didn‟t see you at the party.

--- Oh, I _____ready for the maths exam.

A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got

5. --- When _____Mr Harris ______the town for Sydney?

--- I think it _____last December.

A. did, leave, was B. did, leave, is C. has, left, was D. does, leave, is

6. --- Can you guess if they ______to play basketball with us?

--- I think they will come if they _____free.

A. come, are

B. will come, will be D. come, will be

C. will come, are

7. --- How long ____ you ______in Shenzhen?

--- Since five years ago.

A. did live B. were live C. have lived D. were lived

8. --- Listen. Who ______in the next room?

--- It maybe Mr Lee.

A. sings B. is singing C. sang D. does sing

9. --- What did the teacher say just now?

--- She said she ______us to the park the next week.

A. will take B. is going to take C. took D. would take

10. --- How many English words ____you _____by the end of last term?

--- For about 2000.

A. have learned B. did learn C. had learned D. were learn

11. --- Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!

--- Sorry, I ______it.

A. don‟t see B. didn‟t see C. haven‟t seen D. won‟t see

12. --- Do you know him well?

--- Sure, we________ friends since ten years ago.

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

【答案详解】

1. A【解析】问句的谓语用的是一般过去时，答句的谓语也应该用过去时，因此第一空只能填was, 所以选A。句意为“很难看清路，因为当时正在下雨。”

2. B【解析】该题考查has been与 has gone的区别。前者表示“曾经去过某地”，而后者表示“到某地去了，人不在这儿”。根据问句，Miss Gao显然已不在说话地点，她已经去老师那里了。所以选B。

3. B 【解析】从本题的答句中我们知道John 去了日本，所以第一空要选has gone to ,而 in two days是表示将来的时间状语，所以该题的正确答案为B。句意为“他去了日本，但过两天回来。”

4. B【解析】从对话的开头可知，打招呼的人在刚刚过去的party 上没有见到林涛，所以答句要表达的意思是“在party进行的过程中，我正在为数学考试做准备”，表示过去一段时间正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时态，故正确答案为B。

5. A【解析】when与一般过去连用，而不与现在完成时连用，所以排除C而选A。

6. C【解析】本题考查if 的两种用法。If 既可以引导宾语从句，意思为“是否”，也可以引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果”。当if引导宾语从句时，其句中的谓语动词要根据实际情况选用时态，在本题中要表达“你能猜出他们是否要和我们打篮球吗？”，动作还没有发生，所以第一空要用一般将来时will come；当if引导条件状语从句的时候，遵循“主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时”的原则，所以第二空选are。

7. C 【解析】本题中的答语“Since five years ago”是现在完成时的时间状语，所以问句要用现在完成时have lived。

8. B 【解析】本题问句中的动词listen提醒我们后面的动作正在发生，所以要选现在进行时is singing。

9. D 【解析】答句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，其主句为一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，根据状语the next week，从句谓语要用过去将来时，所以选D。

10. C【解析】本题问句中的“by the end of last term”是过去完成时的时间状语，所以答案选C.

11. C【解析】答句所要表达的意思是“我刚才没有看见”，而不是现在没有看见，所以要用一般过去时。

12. B【解析】在答句中有一个现在完成时的时间状语since ten years ago，所以答句要用现在完成时。同时只有延续性的动词才能与这样的时间短语连用，因此排除C和D，选B。