中考专题复习之名词

一 名词

一、学习目标

1、了解名词的含义和分类

2、掌握名词单复数和不可数名词的用法

3、掌握名词所有格的用法

二、教学过程

（一）知识回顾

听写几个不同类别的名词：

中国________ 杰克________ 伦敦_________

椅子________ 飞机________ 菠萝_________ 家庭________ 人们________ 警察_________ 水 ________ 空气_______ 钱 _________ 健康________ 工作________ 友谊_________

（二）例题辨析

考点一：不可数名词

1、不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有_______形式。常考的不可数名词有：news （新闻）, information（信息）, 建议________, 天气________, 家庭作业____________, 时间_______, 钱__________, 纸___________，音乐___________等。

2、不可数名词可以借助______来表示一定的数量。但也可以用much （许多）, some/any（一些）, a little(一点点),little (几乎没有) plenty of（很多） , a lot of(=lots of)（许多）等修饰不可数名词。如： 一则新闻：a piece of news ; 两瓶水： two bottles of water ; 四条建议________________________ ; 六张纸_________________ ；你能借给我一些钱吗？Could you lend me__________________?

【中考真题再现】 ( ) 1. All the _____ are made of ______ , not plastics.

B. glasses, glass C. glasses , glasses D. glass, glasses

( ) 2. Jenny gave us ____ on how to improve English.

B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice

考点二：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律

1、一般直接加-s: 比如：girl---__________ map---_________

2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的单词常在词尾加—es: 比如：bus —_______ brush---_______

3、以辅音字母+y 结尾变y 为i ，再加—es: 比如： story---_______ baby---_______

4、以--o 结尾的名词变复数常有下列2种变化：

①【口诀：黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西红柿。】

说明：Negro(黑人) ，hero(英雄),potato(土豆) ，tomato(西红柿) ，这四个名词变复数时，在词尾加-es 。 ②其它以o 结尾的名词一般加-s,

radio_______ zoo______ kangaroo__________(袋鼠) photo________(照片) kilo_________(千克)

5、以“f”和“fe”结尾，一般改 f 或fe 为v, 再+es

【口决：树叶多半自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。】

说明：leaf(树叶) ，half(半) ，self(自己) ， wife (妻子) ，knife(刀子) ，shelf(架子) ，wolf(狼) ， thief(盗贼) ，life(生命) 这九个名词变复数时都要变f 或fe 为v, 再加-es 。

比如: leaf_______ half ________ myself_________ wife________ knife__________

6、【可数名词变复数名词的不规则变化】

1) 改变单数名词中的元音字母或其它形式。

①foot—_______ (脚) tooth---_______ (牙齿) ②goose—______ (鹅) woman ---______ (女人) ③man ---_______ (男人) ④child ---_______ (孩子) ⑤mouse ---_______ (老鼠) ★与man 和woman 构成的合成词，两部分都要变成复数形式。

e.g.: woman doctor ---wome n doctors （女医生） man driver—m e n drivers (男司机)

2)

【中考真题再现】

( ) 1. They are from ____ . They’re _______.

A. German; Germans B. Germans ; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen

( -- They are very beautiful.

A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos ; tomatoes

C. some photos; tomatos D. any photo; tomatoes

( ) 3. How many _____ are there in the international village?

A. Chinese B. Russian C. American D. Germen 3) 有些名词只有复数形式。 _______ (裤子) _______ (衣服) _______ (长裤) _______ (短裤) _______ (眼镜) _______ (袜子) _______ (鞋子)

7、有些名词虽然以s 结尾却表示单数。

如：_______ (消息，新闻) _______（草） _______ (政治) _______ (物理)

考点三：名词做定语

1. 作定语的名词用单数（man 和woman 除外）

一棵香蕉树 五棵香蕉树 一位男教师

七位男教师 一家鞋店___________

【中考真题再现】

1. It’A man teachers B woman teacher’s C men teachers D womans teachers 2. ____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ____ teachers.

A number of; women B. A number of; woman

C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman

3. There are three ________ assistants in that ________ shop.

A. women, shoe B. woman, shoe C. woman, shoes D. women, shoes

2. “数词-名词单数”、“数词-名词单数-形容词”构成复合形容词做前置定语，“数词-名词单数”做前置定语相当于时间名词的所有格形式

三天的假期 1 2

六个月的英语课程1 2

考点四：名词所有格

1.

A) 表示有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般在名词的词尾加“ ’s ”，

(1)如果词尾不是以s 结尾，要加“ ”

这男孩的母亲 the ______ mother 儿童节 ___________________

(2)如果词尾是以s 结尾，只加“ ”

e.g.: 双胞胎的房间 the _______ bedroom 教师节__________________

(3)表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命名词的所有格也用“’s”的形式。

today’s paper 今天的报纸 two hours’ rest 两个小时的休息

It’s about ___________ from school to her home every day. 每天从学校到她家需要十分钟的走路路程。

(4)表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后名词可以省略。

e.g.: at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家里 at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里

(5)表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加 ’s ;

若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加 ’s ;

e.g.: Alan and Bain’s computer (共同所有) _____ very beautiful. (be)

Alan’s and Bain’s computers(各自所有） ______ very beautiful.(be)

B) 表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of + 名词”的结构来表示。

e.g.: (A) 教室的窗户_____________________ (B) ________________ was broken. 房门坏了。

C) 双重所有格结构 即’s结构和of 结构相结合。 a, an, some, any, no, another, several, this, these, that, those +名词＋of +名词性物主代词/+名词的’s所有格 比如：我的一个朋友： a friend of mine（a+名词+of+名词性物主代词） 布朗太太的一辆车： a car of Mrs. Brown’s（a+名词+of+名词的’s所有格）

D ）有些名词用to 来表示所有格。

1)the key to the room 房间的钥匙 2)the answers to the following questions 下面问题的答案

3) the way to the school 去学校的路 4）entrance to the theatre 戏院的入口

5) a witness to an accident 事故的目击者 6) a ticket to the match 比赛的票

【中考真题再现】

( ) 1、The _____ was too much for the child to carry.

A. box’s steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel

( ) 2、_____ are big and bright.

A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom’s windows

( )3.（2010 河北）I don’t think looking after children is just work.

A woman B woman’s C women D women’s

（三）归纳总结(课程结束前师生回顾一起填)

1、_________________________________________

2、_________________________________________

3、_________________________________________

（四）拓展延伸 包含清北班学生学科知识的拓展和其它班学生本节内容的延伸。

即可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：

① room“房间”，可数 There are five rooms here.

“空间”，不可数 Can you make ② chicken“小鸡”，可数 I think chickens can swim.

“鸡肉”，不可数 Help yourself to some .

③ orange“橘子”，可数 There are a few oranges on the tree.

“橘子汁”，不可数 Would you like another bottle of ?

④ experience “经历”，可数 It is a wonderful experience to travel to Beijing.

“经验”，不可数 He has much after working so many years. ⑤ ★hair“几根头发”，可数 My mother has some white hairs.

“指整个头发”，不可数 Kate’s ⑥ work“作品”，可数 The works of Luxun(鲁迅)are very popular.

“工作”，不可数 I have a lot of ⑦ exercise“练习、操”，可数 Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

“锻炼” 不可数 You must take enough ⑧ time“次数”，可数 We have meals three times a day.

“时间”，不可数 Let’s hurry! There’s little⑨ ★glass“玻璃杯”，可数 There are two glasses of milk on the table.

“玻璃”，不可数 ⑩ paper“报纸, 试卷”，可数 Please help me hand out the papers

“纸张”，不可数 Please give me a piece of a) —What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_________.

chickens B. any chickens C. some chicken

b) Would you like some ______? ---Yes, please. I’m a little thirsty.

A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange

c) He had something to write down and asked me for ________.

A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper

d) I have ____ to do this evening.

A. a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. some works

e) You’d better do morning ________ every day. It’s good to do lots of ________.

A. exercise, exercise B. exercises, exercise C. exercise, exercises D.exercises, exercises f) Do you like __? --No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress.

A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots

三、课后作业

1 .Are there any_________or__________in the bag?

A.tomatos; photos B.tomatoes; photoes C.tomatoes; photos D.tomatos; photos

2. If you don’t take more ________, you’ll get fat.

A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons

3.Could you move over a little and make some ________ for me? ---Sure, please.

A. place B. seat C. room D. ground

4.There are about twenty___________in the room. They are having a party there.

A.people B.sheep C.worker D.mens

5．This is bedroom.

A. Lucy and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy and Lily

6.________is spoken the most widely in the world but___________has the largest number of speakers.

A.Chines; English B.English; Chinese C.French; Russian D.Russian; German

7.Jack bought a_________in a shoe shop yesterday.

A.pair of shoes B.pairs of shoes C.pair of two shoes D.pair of shoe

8.There are few___________in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.

A.meat B.fruit C.vegetables D.bread

A. some

9.I have three pen friends. One is___________, the other two are________.

A.Japanese; America B.Russian; Germany C.Canada; Australia D.English; Frenchmen

10.Some_________are flying kites near the river.

A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs

11.You may go to the_________if you want to watch Beijing Opera.

A.library B.supermarket C.theatre D.bookshop

12.Look! The________are watering flowers. A.man B.woman C.boy D.children

13---I’ve got an “A” in the exam.---That’s a good_________.You will surely win a second.

A.news B.idea C.start D.message

14.Twelve_____________were hurt, but no ____________were lost in the accident.

A.person; life B.people; lives C.peoples; lives D.persons; life

15.Hurry up! There’s little________left.

A.time B.days C.dollars D.glasses

16.Do you know my uncle is________?

A.a worker and writer B.a worker and a writer C.worker and writer D.worker and a writer

17.----Jack, would you like something to eat? ----Yes. I’d like some___________.

A.bread B.juice C.orange D.noodle

18.Mrs Jenny gave us___________on how to learn English well.

A.some advices B.many advices C.some advice D.an advice

19.----Where’s Mary? ---He’s left a_________ saying that he has something important to do.

A.excuse B.message C.exercise D.news

20.What can I do for you, sir? ----I’d like two_________.

A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks

21.---It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly. ----But I think we should let________go out first.

A.woman and children B.women and child C.woman and child D.women and children

22.There is only one ____________doctor and several ___________nurses in this hospital.

A.man; woman B.man; women C.men; woman D.men; women

23.----Are there any________on the farm? ----Yes, there are some.

A.horse B.sheep C.duck D.chicken

24.----What would you like to drink, girls? ----_________, please.

A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffee C.Two cups of coffees D.Two cup of coffees

25.Today is September 10th. It’s______Day while ______Day is on the second Sunday of May

A.Teachers; Mothers B.Teachers’; Mothers’ C.Teachers’; Mother’s D.Teacher’s; Mothers’

26.Let ’s meet at7:30 outside the gate of _______.

A the People’s Park B the People Park C the Peoples’ Park D People ’s Park

27 ---Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?

---No, it’s about________

A 7 minutes walk B 7 minute walk C 7 minutes’ walk D 7 minute’s walk