原子和核素的数据

原子和核素的数据

原子序数

符号 质量数

化学相对原子元素名称 质量 中性原子相对原子质量

1

H 1 2 3

2

He 3 4

3

Li 5 6

4

Be 9

5

B 10 11

6

C 12 13 14

1.008 1.007825 2.014102 3.016049 4.003 3.016029 4.002603 6.941 6.015121 7.016003 9..012 9.012182 10.811 10.012837 11.009305 12.011 12.00000 13.003355 14.003242

Hydrogen 1/2 1 1/2 Helium 1/2 0 Lithium 1 3/2 Beryllium 3/2 Boron 3 3/2 Carbon 0 1/2 0 核自旋

丰度或半衰期（衰变类型）

99.985% 0.015% 12.3a(β) 0.0001% 99.9999% 7.5% 92.5% 100%

19.9% 80.1% 98.90% 1.10% 5730a(β)

−−

①

7

N 13 14 15

8

O 16 17

9

F 18 19

10

Ne 20

11

Na 22 23

12

Mg 24 25 26 27

13

Al 27 29

14.007 13.005739 13.003074 15.000109 15.999 15.994915 16.999131 18.998 18.000937 18.998403 20.179 19.992436 22.990 21.994434 22.989768 24.305 23.985042 24.985837 25.982594 26.984341 26.982 26.981539 28.980446

Nitrogen 1/2 1 1/2 Oxygen 0 5/2 Fluorine 1 1/2 Neon 0

Sodium(Natrium) 3 3/2 Magnesium 0 5/2 0 1/2 Aluminum 5/2 5/2

9.96min(β) 99.634% 0.366% 99.762% 0.038% 110min(β) 100%

90.51% 2.60a(β) 100%

78.99% 10.00% 11.01% 9.46min(β) 100% 6.56min(β)

−−

++

+

14

Si 28 29 30

28.086 27.976927 28.976495 28.980446 30.974 28.981802 30.973762 32.066 31.972071 33.967867 35.453 34.968853 36.965903 39.948 38.964314 39.962384 39.098 38.963707 40.961825 40.078 39.962591 40.962278 42.958766 44.956

Silicon 0 1/2 0 Phosphorus 1/2 1/2 Sulfur 0 0 Chlorine 3/2 3/2 Argon 7/2 0

Potassium(Kalium) 3/2 3/2 Calcium 0 7/2 7/2 Scandium

92.23% 4.67% 3.10% 4.14sec 100%

95.02% 4.21% 75.77% 24.23% 269a(β) 99.600% 93.258% 6.730% 96.941% 103ka(ec) 0.135%

−

15

P 29 31

16

S 32 34

17

Cl 35 37

18

Ar 39 40

19

K 39 41

20

Ca 40 41 43

21

Sc

22

Ti 46 48

23

V 51

24

Cr 51 52 53

25

Mn 54 55

26

Fe 54 56

27

Co 59 60

28

Ni 58 60 63

29

Cu

47.88 45.952629 47.947947 50.941 50.943962 51.996 50.944768 51.940510 52.940651 54.938 53.940361 54.938047 55.847 53.939613 55.934939 58.933 58.933198 59.933850 58.69 57.935346 59.930788 62.929670 63.546

Titanium 0 0 Vanadium 7/2 Chromium 7/2 0 3/2 Manganese 3 5/2 Iron(Ferrum) 0 0 Cobalt 7/2 5 Nickel 0 0 1/2 Copper

8.0% 73.8% 99.750% 27.7d(sc) 83.789% 9.501% 312d(β) 100%

5.8% 91.72% 100% 5.27a(β) 68.27% 26.10% 100a(β)

−

−

+

65

30

Zn 64 66

31

Ga 69 71

32

Ge 70 72 74

33

As 75

34

Se 78 80

35

Br 79 81

36

Kr 84 86

37

Rb

64.927793 65.39 63.929145 65.926035 69.723 68.925580 70.924701 72.59 69.924250 71.922079 73.921177 74.922 74.921594 78.96 77.917308 79.916520 79.904 78.918336 80.916289 83.80 83.911507 85.910615 85.468

3/2 Zinc 0 0 Gallium 3/2 3/2 Germanium 0 0 0 Arsenic 3/2 Selenium 0 0 Bromine 3/2 3/2 Krypton 0 0 Rubidium

30.83% 48.6% 27.9% 60.1% 39.9% 20.5% 27.4% 36.5% 100%

23,6% 49.7% 50.69% 49.31% 57.0% 17.3%

87

86.909187

3/2

27.835% 48Ga(β)

−

38

Sr 88 90

87.62 87.905619 89.907738 88.906 88.905849 91.224 89.904703 92.906474 92.906 92.906377 95.94 97.905407 98.907711 96.906364 97.907215 101.07 101.904349 102.906 102.905500 106.42

Strontium 0 0 Yttrium 1/2 Zirconium 0 5/2 Niobium 9/2 Molybdenum 0 1/2 Technetium 9/2 6 Ruthenium 0 Rhodium 1/2 Palladium

82.58% 28.6a(β) 100%

51.45% 1.53Ma(β) 100%

24.13% 66.0h(β) 2.6Ma(ec) 4.2Ma(β) 31.6% 100%

−−

−−

39

Y 89

40

Zr 90 93

41

Nb 93

42

Mo 98 99

43

Tc 97 98

44

Ru 102

45

Rh 103

46

Pd

108

47

Ag 107 109

48

Cd 113 114

49

In 115

107.903895 107.868 106.905092 108.904756 112.41 112.904400 113.903357 114.82 114.903882

Silver(Argentum) 1/2 1/2 Cadmium 1/2 0 Indium 9/2

26.46% 51.839% 48.161% 12.22% 28.73% 95,7%

4×10a(β)

14

−

50

Sn 120 123

118.710 119.902119 122.905722 121.75 120.903821 122.904216 127.60 129.906229

Tin(Stannum) 0 11/2

Antimony(Stibium) 5/2 7/2 Tellurium 0

32.59% 129d(β)

57.3% 42.7% 33.80% 3×10a(2β)

21

−−

51

Sb 121 123

52

Te 130

53

I 127

126.904 126.904473 131.29 131.904144

Iodine 5/2 Xenon 0

100%

26.9%

54

Xe 132

55

Cs 133 137

132.905 132.905429 136.907074 137.33 137.905233 138.905 138.906347 140.12 139.905433 141.909241

Cesium 7/2 7/2 Barium 0 Lanthanum 7/2 Cerium 0 0

100% 30.2a(β) 71.70% 99.91% 88.48% 11.08% ≥5×1016a(2β)

−

−

56

Ba 138

57

La 139

58

Ce 140 142

59

Pr 141

140.908 140.907647 144.24 143.910084

144.912570

145.914708

Praseodymium 5/2 Neodymium 0 7/2 Promethium 3

100%

23.80% 2×1015a(α) 8.30% ≥6×1016a(α)

5.53a(ββ) 26.7% 22.7%

+−

60

Nd 144

145

61

Pm 146

62

Sm 152 154

150.36 151.919729 153.922205 151.96

Samarium 0 0 Europium

63

Eu

153

64

Gd 158

65

Tb 159

66

Dy 164

67

Ho 165 166

68

Er 168

69

Tm 169

70

Yb 174

71

Lu 175 176

152.921225 157.25 157.924099 158.925 158.925342 162.50 163.929171 164.930 164.930319 165.932280 167.26 167.932368 168.934 168.934212 173.04 173.938859 174.967 174.940770 175.942679

5/2 Gadolinium 0 Terbium 3/2 Dysprosium 0 Holmium 7/2 0 Erbium 0 Thulium 1/2 Ytterbium 0 Lutetium 7/2 7

52.2% 24.84% 100%

28.2% 100% 26.8h(β) 26.8% 100%

31.8% 97.41% 2.59% 36Ga(β)

−−

72

Hf 180

178.49 179.946546 180.948

Hafnium 0 Tantalum

35.100%

73

Ta

74

W 184

186

75

Re 185 187

183.85 183.950929

185.954356 186.207 184.952951 186.955745

Tungsten(Wolfram) 0 0 Rhenium 5/2 5/2

30.67% ≥3×1017a(α) 28.6% 37.40% 62.60% 50Ga(β)

−

76

Os 192

190.2 191.961468 192.22 192.962917 195.08 194.964765 196.967 196.966543 200.59 201.970617 204.383 204.974400 207.2 207.976627 208.980

Osmium 0 Iridium 3/2 Platinum 1/2 Gold(Aurum) 3/2

Mercury(Hydrargyrum) 0 Thallium 1/2 Lead(Plumbum) 0 Bismuth

41.0% 62.7% 33.8% 100%

29.80% 70.476% 52.4%

77

Ir 193

78

Pt 195

79

Au 197

80

Hg 202

81

Tl 205

82

Pb 208

83

Bi

209

84

Po 210 211 212

85

At 217

86

Rn 222

87

Fr 222

88

Ra 226

89

Ac 227

90

Th 228

208.980374

209.982848 210.986627 211.988842

217.004695

222.017571

222.017563

226.025403

227.027750 232.038 228.028715

9/2 Polonium 0 9/2 0 Astatine 9/2 Radon 0 Francium 2 Radium 0 Actinium 3/2 Thorium 0

100%

138d(α) 516ms(α) 0.298μs(α) 32.2ms(α) 3.82d(α)

14.4min(β) 0.4s(α) 1600a(α)

21.8a(β,α) 1.91a(α) 14.0Ga(α)

−−

91

Pa 233

233.040242 238.029 233.039628 235.043924

Protactinium 3/2 Uranium 5/2 7/2

27.0d(β) 159ka(α) 0.720% 704Ma(α)

−

92

U 233 235

238 238.050785 0 99.274% 4.47Ga(α)

93

Np 237 239

237.048168 239.052933

239.052158 242.058737

243.061375

247.070347

247.070300

249.074845 251.079579

252.082945

253.085173

258.098572

Neptunium 5/2 5/2 Plutonium 1/2 0 Americium 5/2 Curium 9/2 Berkelium 3/2 Californium 9/2 1/2 Einsteinium 5 Fermium 1/2 Mendelevium 8 Nobelium

2.14Ma(α) 2.36d(β)

24.1ka(ec,β) 376ka(α)

7370a(α)

15.6Ma(α) 1380a(α)

350a(α) 898a(α)

472d(α,β)

3.00d(ec,α) 51.5d(α)

−

−−

94

Pu 239 242

95

Am 243

96

Cm 247

97

Bk 247

98

Cf 249 251

99

Es 252

100

Fm 253

101

Md 258

102

No

255

103

Lr 260

104

Rf 161

105

Db 262

106

Sg 265

107

Bh 262

108

Hs 269

109

Mt 266

255.093258

260.105314

261.108685

262.113763

265.121310

262.123028

269.134086

266.137950

1/2 Lawrencium

Rutherfordium

Dubnium

Seaborgium

Bohrium

3.1min(α,β+) 180s(α,ec)

65s(α,sf,ec) 34s(sf,α,ec) 8s(sf,α) 102ms(α,sf)

Hassium 3/2 Meitnerium

9s(α)

0.8ms(α,sf)

① 本表中，表示时间的单位为a（年）、d（天）、h（时）、min（分）、s（秒）。