国际计算机 (5)

1. ASCⅡ 码中英文全称

America standard code for Information Interchange

美国信息交换标准编码

2. 数字化概念

3. 文件头

4. 位：Word bit is an abbreviation for binary digit, it can be farther abbreviated, usually as a lowercase b , a bit is a 0 or 1 used in the digital representation of data .

5. 字节:a byte and is usually abbreviated as an uppercase B

6. 集成电路：An integrated circuit(IC) is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements, such as wires, transistors, capacitors, topic gates, and resistors.

7. 二进制与十进制的换算:

8. 字长：The word size refers to the number of bits that a microprocessor can manipulate at one time.

9. 6项以上主流计算机性能指标

10. 串行：serially is one instruction at a time

串行处理：(With serial processing) the processor must complete all steps in the instruction cycle before it begins to execute the next instruction.

并行处理：(Parallel processing) multiple instructions are executed at the same time.

流水线技术：(Pipelining) a processor can begin executing an instructions before it completes the previous instruction

超线程技术：(Hyper-Threading Technology) enable a single processor to simulate two processors.

11. 列举最流行处理器的品牌 Intel AMD

12. 随即访问储存器RAM的功能

RAM holds raw data waiting to be processed as well as the program instructions for processing that data. In addition, RAM holds the results of processing until they can be stored more permanently on disk or tape. RAM also holds operating system instructions that control the basic functions of a computer system.

13. RAM与硬盘的差异

RAM holds data in circuitry that’s directly connected to the system board, whereas hard-disk storage is more permanent. In addition RAM usually has less storage capacity than hard-disk storage.

14. RAM的容量单位

RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes

15. 计算机需要多大的RAM

The amount of RAM your computer needs depends on the software you use for good basic performance, a computer running windows software should have at least 256MB off RAM. Game, desktop publishing, graphics and video applications tend to run more smoothly with at least 512MB of RAM.

16. 虚拟内存

Virtual memory, If a program exceeds its allocated space the operating system uses an area of hard-disk

17.只读储存器

ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computers’ startup routine.

18.CMOS的特点

CMOS technology that required power from a small battery integrated into the system board.

19.存储系统分类

A data storage system has two main components

A storage medium and a storage device

20.储存介质：a storage medium is the disk, tape, CD, PVD paper, or other substance that contain data.

21.储存设备：a storage device is the mechanical apparatus that records and retrieves data from a storage medium.

22.

储存系统与其它计算机部件之间的关系

You can think of your computer’s storage devices as having a direct pipeline to RAM. Data gets copied form a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed. After data is processed It is hold temporarily in RAM. but it is usually copied to a storage medium for more permanent safekeeping.

23.目前常见的计算机储存技术各自的特点

① magnetic storage store: Data by magnetizing microscopic particles in a disk or tape or tape surface

② optical storage: stores data as microscopic light and dark spots one the disk surface

③ solid storage is a technology that store data in erasable, rewritable ccircuitry, rather than on spinning disk or streaming tape

24阴极射线管和液晶显示器的英文全称及缩写

阴极射线管（cathode ray Tube CRT）

液晶显示器（Liquid crystal Display ,LCD）

25点距(dot pitch ,DP) is a measure of image clarity

屏幕尺寸:：Screen size is the measure meat in inches from one corner of the screen diagonally across to the opposite corner.

分辨率：The number of horizontal and vertical pixels that a device displays on a screen is referred to as its resolution.

26 常见的打印机种类及特点

An ink jet printer has a nozzle like print had that sprays ink onto paper to form characters and graphics

A laser printer uses the same technology as a photo copier to point dots of the light on a light-sensitive drum

A dot matrix printer produces characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires