高中语法专题讲解系列之三大从句

定语从句出题思路 先行词 n./pron ---被定语从句修饰的,根据先行词选择连接词

物：which/that//whose 人：who/whom/that/whose

当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的）

〖2013定从预测1〗My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which B. that C. where D. it〖2013定从预测2〗The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ______was more than we could expect.

A.it B.what C.which D.that

〖2013定从预测3〗I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ____I met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

〖2013定从预测4〗The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.

A. whom B. which C. them D. those

〖2013定从预测5〗A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever〖2013定从预测6〗In china, the number of cities is increasing ______development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which

C. whose D. that

〖2013定从预测7〗the people are still suffering.

A.that B.whose C.those D.what

【小结】：as与which均可替代整个主句

as。 介

B. As C. That D. What

___is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

定从预测9〗Jim passed the driving test, surprised everybody in the office.

A.which B.that C.this D.it

〖2013定从预测10〗____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

〖2013定从预测11〗Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

〖2013定从预测12〗____ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.

A. That B. As C. It D. What

地点：where/which /that 时间：when/which/that

〖2013定从预测13〗The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.

A.which B.what C.that D.where

〖2013定从预测14〗I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why B. which C. as D. where

〖2013定从预测15〗Occasions are quite rare .I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

A.who B.which C.why D.when

〖2013定从预测16〗We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.

A. which B. that C. whose D. when

〖2013定从预测17〗The film brought the hours back to me_______I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

怎么确定关系代词前用什么介词?

（1）定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配

(about which--- argue about sth)

There is no one _____ she can turn when in trouble

(to whom----turn to sb for help)

（2）先行词常和什么介词搭配。

(for which----- the reason for)

〖2013定从预测18〗Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which

〖2013定从预测19〗Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

〖2013定从预测20〗For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.

A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which

〖2013定从预测21〗By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon. A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which

易错点:插入语和定语干扰!

〖2013定从预测22〗She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years.

A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which

〖2013定从预测23〗The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. that B. it C. what D. which

〖2013定从预测24〗Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.

A. who B. which C. what D. that

〖2013定从预测25〗She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

〖2013定从预测26〗Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.

A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom

定语从句真题练习

〖2013辽宁〗They’ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprisingA. that B. whenC. what D. which〖2013辽宁〗Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.

A.after that

\B.after which D.after this

〖2013辽宁〗 were from Germany.

A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom

〖2013辽宁〗The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ______ are sold abroad.

A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that

名词性从句出题思路预测

A．this B．that C．what D．which

〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.

A. why B. how

C. what D. which

〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money.

A.why B.when C.which D.what

易错点:插入语干扰!

〖2013名词性从句预测1〗means of transport in the 21st century.

A. which

B. that C. what D. who

〖2013名词性从句预测2〗 was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

A.It B.This C.What 〖2013名词性从句预测3〗A.where B.how C.what [1] In my eyes, _______ is known to all _____ Chinese economy has taken off.

[2] ______ is known to all, Chinese economy has taken off.

[3] I took some medicine for the bad cold, but _____ didn’t help.

[4] I took some medicine for the bad cold, ______ didn’t help.

[5] I find ______ is a pity that he failed in the driving test.

A. which B. that C. it D. As

〖2013名词性从句预测4〗 is known to us all is that the 2014 Olympic Games will take place in L.

〖2013名词性从句预测6〗Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is

rough or smooth.

A./ B.whether C.how D.what

〖2013名词性从句预测7〗What the doctors really doubt is _____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when B. how C. whether D. why

名词性从句真题练习

〖2006辽宁〗 makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever

状语从句出题思路预测

转折关系:but,however,Altough,Though,什么时候选?

〖2011四川卷〗Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.

A. whether B. although C. for D. so

〖2009湖南〗______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.

A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as

〖2007全国Ⅰ〗Between the two generations, it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding.

A.like B.as C.or D.but

〖2007湖南〗Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _______ the way they actually are.

A.as B.or C.but D.and

〖2013状从预测1〗Excuse me for breaking in, _______ I have some news for you.

A.so B.and C.but D. yet [1] It was in this city ______ he was born.

[2] It was this city ______ he was born.

[3] It was in 1989 ______ he was born.

[4] It was three days _____ he was born.

[5] It is three days _____ he was born.

A. where B. which C. that D. before E.since

〖2010陕西〗John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.

A. when B. after C. before D. since

〖2008北京〗I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ___ Brian gets back.

A. before B. since C. till D. after

〖2011四川卷〗 As it reported, it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.

A. when B. before C. after D. since

〖2013状从预测2〗The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time we meet them again.

A.after B.before C.since D.when

〖2013状从预测3〗He was told that it would be at least three more months he could recover and return to work.

A.when B.before C.since D.that 〖2013状从预测4〗That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.

A.when B.that C.before D.since but,however, although

didn’t Unless/if ...not

never Without 接名词,主句有would或could

until

so, therefore, as a result, accordingly

because, since, as, for

前后两句一肯一否，除了转折关系,2009-2011年考的更多的是因果关系,until和unless. However和 instead同时出现在选项中时，容易选instead ；However和otherwise同时出现在选项中时容易选otherwise；but和so同时出现在选项中时容易选so（therefore） ；but和because同时出现在选项中时容易选because（as,since），具体结合语境。

〖2008北京〗—Did you return Fred’s call?

—I didn’t need to ____

A. though B. unless C. when D. because

〖2006北京〗He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A.and B.for C.but D.or

〖2007天津〗It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______we’ve actually had that lesson.

A.until B.after C.since D.when

〖2006广东〗―You can’t have this football back_____you promise not to kick it at my cat again.‖ the old man said firmly.

A.because B.since C.when D.until

〖2010上海〗 our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.

A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After

〖2010全国Ⅰ〗The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story.

A. or B. unless C. but D. whether

so that(宾语从句后面有can)是解!

〖2005北京〗I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.

A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that

〖2004全国I〗Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as

〖2003安徽春〗Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ______ her boss could read it first thing next morning.

A. so that B. because C. before D. or else

〖2002 NMET〗John shut everybody out of the kitchen _________ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.

A. which B. when C. so that D. as if

in case (万一, 以防)是解!

〖2011山东卷〗He had his camera ready_____ he saw something that would make a good picture.

A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that

〖2010浙江〗I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just .

A．by nature B.in return C．in case D．by chance

〖2007北京〗Leave your key with a neighbor you lock yourself out one day.

〖2011四川卷〗 volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.

A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While

〖2010全国Ⅰ〗Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal .

A. so that B. although C. while D. as if

〖2008湖南〗 the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.

A.If B.While C.Because D.As

〖2008四川〗In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise their children.

A.but B.while C.because D.though

where

〖2010重庆〗Today, we will begin _____we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.

A. when B. where C. how D. what

〖2009江苏〗 __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.

A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until

〖2009山东〗The little girl who got lost decided to remain _____she was and wait for her mother.

A.where B.what C.how D.who

〖2004全国III〗There were dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

as long as

〖2010江西〗— Our holiday cost a lot of money.

— Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter______ you enjoyed yourselves.

A as long as B unless C as soon as D though

However \ Whatever

However 接形容词或副词!

However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。

_______, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.

A. However the study is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is

C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing

Whatever 接名词或从句谓语动词少宾语!

Whatever (=No matter what) I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.

无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。

The old tower must be saved, the cost.

A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever

〖2010上海〗 you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.

A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem

C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem

〖2008全国Ⅰ〗The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit______the season.

〖2009福建〗She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.

A. when B. while C. after D. since

〖2007北京〗—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday.

A.if B.when C.because D.before

〖2006湖南〗I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel I heard the steps. A.while B.when C.since D.after

〖2004上海〗Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.

A. when B. while C. since D. once

状语从句真题练习

〖2010辽宁〗The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair_ _he wanted to sit next to his wife.

A．although B．unless C．because D．if

〖2008辽宁〗______hungry I am. I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.

A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Wherever D.However

〖2008辽宁〗I used to love that film I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. A.once B.when C.since D.although

〖2007辽宁〗We had to wait half an hour we had already booked a table.

A.since B.although C.until D.before

〖2006辽宁〗He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.

A.why B.where C.when D.while

: 1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.

4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...

3. ways→way 4. student’s→students’

第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。例如:

1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...

2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.

3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.

4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. 3. join→joining 4. meet→to meet

级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。例如:

1. They came back lately and had some tea.

2.... you always gave me specially attention ...

3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.

4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...

5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.

6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.

→special 3. immediate→immediately 4. clearly→clear 5. particular→particularly 6. more→most

短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不与but连用，because不与so连用等。

1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.

2. I became very active but made new friends.

3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.

4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.

5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

3. so→and 4. While→When 5. or→and

的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误，定语从句中多用代词等。

1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.

2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ...

3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry.

4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted ...

5. I just smiled to me and thought ...

6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.

7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.

3. they→he 4. they→we 5. me→myself 6. me→mine 7. that→which

: 1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised ... 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves ... 4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ... 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.

in 3. as→like 4. pay后面加for 5. On→At 6. for→with 7. care后面加of

a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如:

1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.

2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...

3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.

4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. the 3. 去掉prison前面的the 4. 去掉fun前面的a

主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如:

1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.

2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.

3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: ―We’re having dinner ...‖

4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.

5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. 3. 去掉was 4. need→needed 5. arrived→arrive

在人称和数上保持一致。例如:

1. ―I just want to know what the sign say.‖

2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.

3. Here are the information about Manchester University.

4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...

3. are→is 4. are→is

词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。

1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是―写日记‖.

2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To one’s surprise 是固定搭配

3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。

: 细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。

多分析，逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事。

4. 再次通读，复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方，就应再次通读全文，并利用语感来做最后的判断。

纵观近几年的“短文改错”题，正确的地方只有一处；多词和缺词的地方约有

3处；用错词的地方一般有6个，且

何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。

其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。例如:

① The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... (把keeps改为keeping)

② Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... (把clearly改为clear)

2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。例如: ① They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... (删去that)

② He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加in)

错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。例如：

But I have spent most my money, so I cannot…(四川卷) 改正：在my前加of。也有同学去掉most，这种改法虽改正了语法错误，但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的钱，而不是全部”。

【即时训练】

Dear Diana,

Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind tor you to let us bring Anne's

friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible

accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In

the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park

Gina nearly got knocked over as A car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents' and made our own way to home.