英语中名词的用法
一、英语中各种词性的用法及解释
1. 名词
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns )和普通名词(CommonNouns )。
专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing ,China 等。(不是专有名词就是普通名词)
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(1)名词变复数的方法
1) 规则的变复数的方法情况
一般情况构成方法加-s 例词map-maps
bag-bags
car-cars
以s, sh, 加-es
ch, x 等结
尾的词bus-buses watch-watches
2) 不规则变化情况
以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s ,如:photo---photos
zoo---zoos ;
b. 加es ,如:potato—potatoestomato—tomatoespiano---pianos radio---radios
(基本规律:有生命性质的词在后面加es ,否则加s )
以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s ,
gulf---gulfs ;
b. 去f, fe 加-ves ,如:half---halves
wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives knife---knives thief---thieves ;leaf---leaves 如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes
名词复数的不规则变化
child---children
woman---women
foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men 单复同形如:deer ,sheep ,fish ,Chinese ,Japanese
集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people ,a police ,a cattle ,但可以说a person ,a policeman ,a head of cattle, the English ,the British ,the French ,the Chinese ,the Japanese ,the Swiss 等名词,表
示国民总称时,作复数用。以s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:6maths ,politics ,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news 是不可数名词。
(2)名词的格
1) 在英语中有些名词可以加"'s" 来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book 。名词所有格的规则如下:
2) 单数名词词尾加"'s" ,复数名词词尾没有s ,也要加"'s" ,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
3) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加"'" ,如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
4)凡不能加"'s" 的名词,都可以用" 名词+of+名词" 的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
5)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
6)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's ,则表示" 分别有" ;只有一个's ,则表示' 共有' 。
如:John's and Mary's room (两间)John and Mary's room (一间)
例题解析
1. They got much _____from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
2. I have two _______and three bottles of _________here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________to his home .
A. 25minutes’walk
C. 25minute walk B. 25minute’swalk D. 25minutes walk
解析:句中的minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式, 只+’, 而不能+s,因此选A 。
4. An old _______wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
解析:person 与people 都有”人”的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用“a person ”, “两个人”用“two persons ”; people 泛指“人们”是集合名词, 表示复数, the people 指“人民”, a people 指“一个民族”. 应选B 。
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples
C. chicken and apple B. chickens and apple D. chicken and apples
解析:chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡, 用作不可数名词指鸡肉, 根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple 为可数名词, 故应+s,因此选D 。
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’snumber
numbers
解析:room number 房间号码. room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的还有my phsics teacher,
two bus drivers 等. 应选C 。
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
A. family B. house C. home D. room B. rooms’number C. room numbers D. rooms’
解析:family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house 指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间; 而home 指的是家, 因此选C.
8. ________mothers couldn’tgo to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s
C. Mary’sand Peter B. Mary and Peter D. Mary’sand Peter’s
解析:此句中“mothers ”是复数, 表示两个人各自的母亲, 因此应选D 。
9. Li Lei has been to __________many times this month.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’sC. her uncles D. aunt’s
解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.
因此选B 。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t________in teaching.
A. many experiences
C. an experience B. much experience D. a lot experience
解析:experience 作“经验”讲时是不可数名词, 作“经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为“经验”, 因此是不可数名词, 排除A C. 又因a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B 。
11. A classmate of _________was here ten minutes ago.
A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister’s
解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格. 应选D 。
12. A group of _________are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans
C. Frenchmans , Germen B. Germans ,Frenchmans D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析:Frenchman 是复合词, 其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.
13.The team ________having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
解析:team 是一个集合名词, 即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B 。
14. “Wouldyou like _________?”
A. drink, Three coffees
C. a drink, A coffee “________,please.”B. a cup of drink, Coffees D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
解析:drink 和coffee 是不可数名词, 可以用…of 来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时, 则表示“一杯”.因此选C 。
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______,but also the flesh and blood of ________men.
A.earth and stone, millions of
C. the earth and stone, million of B. earths and stones, millions D. the earths and stones, millions
解析:earth 是不可数名词,因此删除B D, 数以百万的应为millions of .
因此选A 。
选择最佳答案:
1.Last night, there was a food accident. The _______were ill, but no _______were lost.
A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother
C. my mother's and father's B. my mother and father's D.my father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________, Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class
4. Today is September 10th. It's __________Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________bicycle ride.
A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
6. ---What would you like to drink, girls?
---_________,please.
A.Two cup of coffee
C. Two cups of coffee B. Two cups of coffe D. Two cups of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks
8. Some _________are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's
10. They are those _________bags.Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'
11.---How many workers are there in your factory?
---There are two ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of
12. ---What do you think of the _______the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
---It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject B. music C. book D. animal
13. There is not enough _________in the corner for the fridge.
A. place B. room C. field D. ground
14. _________comes from sheep and some people like eating it
A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk
15. If you don't take more ________,you'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise
16. My school is about twenty ________walk from here.
A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______to tell you!
A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news
18. Which is the ________to the post office?
A. street B. way C. road D. address
19. I stayed at ________last Sunday.
A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family
20. Maths ________not easy to learn.
A. are
1-5CBCBB B. is 6-10CACCD C. am D. were 16-20BBBC 2. 形容词11-15ABBCD
A
“How can I learn English well? ”This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the text and write it out, you ’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you ’re a very successful learner indeed. Your English will be quite perfect.
This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you ’ll find it not half so hard as you might have thought.
Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.
Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.
1.In the writer ’s opinion, the most effective way in learning English is ____.
A.to practise speaking, writing and feeling it
B.to forget your own native language
C.to translate everything into his own language
D.to memorize the English words and grammatical rules
2. “Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. ”This sentence means that memorizing your own language can ________.
A.help you to study English well
C.make English easy to learn B.stop you mastering English D.help you notice mistakes
3.Equally important is to feel the language. “to feel the language ”here means________.
A.to get a knowledge of English by touching
B. to be able to read and write English
C.to translate English into your own by imagining
D.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the language
B
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.
People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm ’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right
shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people ’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking ? at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.
1.We don ’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ________.
A. we think about our eyes
C. we wear glasses B. we cannot see clearly D. we have to do much reading
2.According to the passage, a ________is more likely to be nearsighted.
A.tailor B. doctor C. guard D.painter
3.People who are farsighted ________.
A.cannot do a lot of close work without glasses
B.can only see things that are very close to their eyes
C.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm ’s length
D.have the same problem as the nearsighted people
4.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look ________.
A.with wide open eyes
C.straight at it B.with half shut or narrowed eyes D.in a slightly different direction
C
Trees are useful to man in three important ways:they give him wood and other useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best
friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse:for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.
1.The most important points of trees to man is ________.
A.they help him to make money B.they give him cool
C.they give him wood and other things
D.they help him to stop drought and floods
2.In many places forests slowly disappear because ________.
A.many trees have been cut down by man
B.new trees are not well looked after
C.man has not paid enough attention to planting trees
D.all the above
3.Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because ____
A. roots of trees break up the soil
C. strong winds bring a lot of sand
D. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil. B. there are too many rainfalls
4.Which title best fits the passage?
A.Trees and Man
C.How do People do with Trees? B.The Function of Tree Wood D.The Usage of Tree Roots
英语完形填空练习
towns. A lot of small shops along busy have changed into computer game houses in order to get more . These places are always crowded with people. In the computer game houses, people a lot of money matching on the machines, It's for one to beat a computer, but one can do well after trying again and again. People want to when they play computer games. The more they the more they want to win, and at last they even can't without it. The result is that some people don' t want to and they play in computer game houses for hours and hours. For school boys, things are They don't want to have . When school is over, they rush to the computer game houses near their . Some of them can get enough money from their . Some of them are to get the money. So they have to steal or rob others' and become . Computer game addiction(上瘾) is a problem in our life. Something has to be done to stop it. ()1. A. streets B. schools C. towns D. cities ()2. A. boys B. money C. computers D. houses ()3. A. take B. spend C. cost D. pay ()4. A. possible B. easy C. good D. hard ()5. A. read B. learn C. win D. download ()6. A. lose B. try C. waste D. watch ()7. A. come B. eat C. study D. live ()8. A. watch TV B. go out C. stay there D. work ()9. A. better B. exciting C. even worse D. interesting ()10.A. lessons B. games C. families D. sports ()11.A. classes B. rooms C. schools D. shops ()12. A. classmates B. teachers C. sisters D. parents ()13. A. lucky B. unlucky C. careful D. polite ()14. A. good B. bad C. rich D. poor ()15. A. important B. serious C. unusual D. wonderful 1. 1-5ABBDC 6-10ADDCA 11-15CDBBB