高三阅读练习及答案

A Growing well美国移民少年帮助社区改善饮食。

WHEN Kevon Johnson moved with his family from Jamaica to Hartford, the capital of Connecticut in the US, in 2010, the most difficult thing for him was not the language, but the food.“I didn’t like the way the chicken tasted. It tasted spoiled,” Johnson, 18, recalled. “And the fruit tasted like it was picked before time, so it was forced to be ripe.”

At his old home on the Caribbean island, Johnson could just climb up a tree and get fresh fruit such as mangos and bananas. But in his new Hartford neighborhood, nutritious (有营养的) food was harder to get and cheap fast food seemed to be everywhere.Johnson’s concern for his family’s health, his own food rebellion (反叛) and deep questions about obesity (肥胖) and access to fresh food eventually led him to Grow Hartford, a youth program of the Hartford Food System. It harvests vegetables in urban (城市的) farms and works toward healthy food policies.

Since he joined Grow Hartford, Johnson has worked as an urban farmer and educated people about the lack of supermarkets in poor cities, organizing workshops for groups including the Boys and Girls Club and Hartford Parent University, said Navina Vemuri, youth coordinator (协调者) for Grow Hartford.Johnson has also asked for spice racks (调料架) in school canteens (食堂) to make school lunches tastier. “It could appeal to different taste buds (味蕾) and make students less likely to buy junk food at the corner store after school,” he said.

Lonnie Burt, head of the Hartford school system’s food and nutrition services, said her department is seriously considering this suggestion.Because of his hard work, Johnson was named youth winner of the 2015 Hartford Community Food Security Award.But what made Johnson happiest was not the award. He smiled biggest when asked about Grow Hartford’s youngest workers and how they are able to make grown-ups stop and listen.“They listen to us,” Johnson said. “They see that it’s really kids fighting for it, so they try to help out.”

Choose the best answer:

1. When Kevon Johnson moved to Hartford, he found that ______.

A. the local people didn’t eat much fast food

B. he missed a lot the food from his old home

C. it was easy to get fresh fruit and nutritious food there

D. what challenged him most was the language barrier

2. What has Johnson done since he joined Grow Hartford?

A. He has tried to raise people’s awareness of healthy food.

B. He has organized activities telling people how to fight obesity.

C. He has helped to deliver fresh vegetables to supermarkets in poor cities.

D. He has worked in school canteens and learned how to cook healthy food.

3. What does Lonnie Burt think of Johnson’s suggestion for school canteens?

A. It sounds good but impractical.

B. It deserves consideration.

C. It might make students eat more junk food.

D. It is a challenge for cooks in school canteens.

4. What made Johnson happiest as a member of Grow Hartford?

A. The award he received in 2015. B. The easy access to fresh food.

C. His family’s support for his work. D. His ability to make adults stop and listen.

B Middle personalities内外向兼具的“中间性格”。

ARE you an introvert (内向的人) or an extrovert? Before you say you are either one, you should know that there is a third option.According to a recent article in The Wall Street Journal, experts say there’s a middle ground between the two personality types – people who they call “ambiverts (中间性格者)”.

Introverts don’t like crowds and enjoy keeping their thoughts to themselves, while extroverts, on the other hand, like meeting new people and being the center of attention.Ambiverts, as the name suggests, have both introverted and extroverted characteristics. But neither set of characteristics is completely in control. As a result, they can move between being social and being alone with greater ease (轻松) than either

extroverts or introverts. For example, ambiverts often enjoy other people’s company. But after a long day of hard work, they sometimes prefer to read a book or watch a TV series at home alone.

“It is like they’re bilingual,” Daniel Pink, the host of Crowd Control, a US TV series on human behavior, told The Wall Street Journal. “They have a wider range of skills and can connect with a wider range of people in the same way someone who speaks English and Spanish can.”

Ambiverts have gotten more attention in recent years, thanks to books, TEDx talks and consulting (咨询的) firms focusing on how personality traits (特征) change people’s behavior in relationships and careers. In fact, roughly two-thirds of people in the US are ambiverts, according to a personality survey done by Adam M. Grant, a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School.

Grant believes ambiversion takes good parts from introversion and extroversion. “The ambivert advantage comes from being enthusiastic enough to persuade, but at the same time, listening carefully to others and avoiding seeming overly confident or excited,” he told Forbes magazine.But he also points out that unlike extroverts and introverts who tend to know what gives them energy, ambiverts can sometimes get stuck. They are often unsure which side of their personality should lead in a given situation.

Choose the best answer:

1. What is the article mainly about?

A. Differences between introverts and extroverts.

B. Characteristics and advantages of ambiverts.

C. Why ambiverts have gotten more attention recently.

D. How personality traits change people’s behavior.

2. According to the article, ambiverts ______.

A. prefer being the center of attention to being alone

B. usually work hard and are successful in their careers

C. tend to connect with more people than introverts

D. want to keep their thoughts to themselves all the time

3. The underlined word “bilingual” in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.

A. always ready to help those in need

B. able to adapt to a new environment well

C. able to speak two languages equally well

D. good at drawing attention from the crowd

4. How many people in the US are ambiverts according to Adam M. Grant?

A. About 20 percent of people.

B. About 40 percent of people.

C. About half of people.

D. About two-thirds of people.

5. What advantage does Grant think ambiverts have over introverts and extroverts?

A. They know what gives them energy.

B. They have more balanced personalities.

C. They seem more enthusiastic and confident.

D. They can deal with a given situation better.

C Sending many signals植物如何与外界交流

PERHAPS you feel overloaded (超负荷的) by information in the age of smartphones and the Internet. It’s easy to want to escape from it all. But for plants, this situation is completely normal, and a team of

University of Washington (UW) researchers has found the way that some plant cells receive complex (复杂的) messages.

As they reported in a paper recently published in the journal Nature, the team led by UW biology

professor and senior author Keiko Torii made its discovery as it explored how plants organize cells on their surface.Like other creatures made up of many different cells, plants must make many different types of cells and tissues work together, according to Science Daily: “Messages ... move among cells near and far. These messages decide what jobs cells do and how they work together to build ... tissues and organs. As plants grow, they also use this information to decide where new leaves or roots should go.”

Torii’s team focused on how plants decide where to put stomata (气孔): tiny, two-cell openings on the surface that connect the plant’s insides with the outside world. Important for water and gas exchange, stomata grow on the plant’s surface based mostly on what they are told by the cells next to them. Too many or too few can make it difficult for the plant to stay alive.Torii’s team studied two signals that plant cells release to control where stomata go. These signals are actually proteins, or small molecules (分子) that help cells do work and communicate with one another. One is called Stomagen, which helps stomata to develop. The other protein messenger (信使) – known as EPF2 – stops Stomagen by preventing stomata from being made.

The researchers discovered that Stomagen and EPF2 actually compete for access to the same surface proteins that can send messages into the cell based on which signal molecule binds to them.This type of signal delivery system – where two opposing (对立的) messages compete directly for the same proteins – has never been seen in plants, said Torii.

The discovery has helped to show the ways that cells deal with messages from the outside world. In the future, Torii would like to understand how the pro-stomata and anti-stomata messages act once they’re inside plant cells. “This paper is just the beginning,” she said.So it seems that plants could be even better than us at dealing with information – remember that next time you feel like you have too much to think about!

Choose the best answer:

1. When did the team led by Keiko Torii make its recent discovery?

A. When they were studying the importance of stomata to plants.

B. When they were studying plants’ signal delivery systems.

C. When they were exploring what kind of role messages play in plants.

D. When they were examining how plant cells on the surface are organized.

2. Stomata are important for plants because ______.

A. they work together to build tissues and organs

B. they receive messages and decide what jobs cells take on

C. they allow for the movement of water and gas in and out

D. they decide how cells communicate with one another

3. What do we know about the signals that plant cells release to control where stomata go?

A. They are cells that decide where new leaves or roots should go.

B. The plant cells can only understand one signal, either pro- or anti-stomata.

C. The two conflicting signals compete for access to the same surface proteins.

D. The more Stomagen in a plant, the better cells communicate with one another.

4. What would Torii and her team like to study further?

A. How cells deal with messages from the outside world.

B. How the signal delivery system works in animals.

C. How plants balance the pro-stomata and anti-stomata messages.

D. What messages from Stomagen and EPF2 do once they’re inside plant cells.

D.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Does your mom always nag (唠叨) you 6. _______ how you should eat more vegetables and less meat?It

might seem 7. _______ (annoy) that you can’t eat whatever you want, but you’d probably agree with 8. _______ if you knew how many problems 9. _______ (eat) unhealthy food can cause.

According to China News, in 2010, more than 30 percent of Chinese people older than 18 were overweight. Meanwhile, about 260 million people 10. _______ (suffer) from diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes (糖尿病).“These major public health risk factors are 11. _______ (close) associated with food consumption,” said Yang Yuexin, a researcher at the National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety.

This is 12. _______ the Chinese government released a set of guidelines on Feb 10 13. _______ (promote) a healthy diet, reported Xinhua News Agency.The guidelines set goals for how much of each kind of food we should be eating by 2020. For example, you should be eating only 29 kilograms of meat every year, 14. _______ eggs should account for 16 kilograms, and dairy products 36 kilograms.

So what exactly should your daily diet be like in 2020? Generally, you 15. _______ have two and a half bowls of rice, an egg, a glass of milk, meat that is roughly the weight of one-and-a-half eggs, and a piece of fruit.

E Punished for help?遇到老人摔倒，我们扶不扶？

AN old man has fallen in the street, just several steps away from

you. Should you go and help him? The simple question has

become a painful dilemma for many people in China.

If you stood by, you would be tortured (折磨) by your conscience.

But if you went to help them, you might worry that you would be

accused of having knocked over the old man, which could mean

paying huge amounts in compensation (赔偿) claims.

The concern hasn’t come out of nowhere.Such cases have been making headlines in recent years. Peng

Yu’s case in Nanjing in 2007 was one of the best-known ones. Peng claimed, with the support of a witness, that the elderly woman he took to the hospital had been hit by another person. But the court decided that Peng was liable.

Now a new case has caught people’s attention. Yuan Dachen, a 20-year-old college student from Huainan Normal University in Anhui province, posted a message on her weibo account on Sept 8 seeking help. She claimed that she had helped an injured elderly woman on the street. But the woman’s family demanded that she take full responsibility for the accident, The Beijing News reported.

“Security cameras show that the distance between the woman and I made it impossible for me to knock her over. Unfortunately, part of the accident happened in the cameras’ blind spot. I am looking for

witnesses to clear my name,” she wrote in the post.The post went viral (传播迅速的) quickly. Before long, two students who said they had witnessed the event stepped in to support Yuan. However, some witnesses also said that Yuan once admitted that she had hurt the old woman. An investigation (调查) is underway. So is there a way to solve the case and stop the dilemma?

According to Ye Lin, a law professor from Renmin University of China, this kind of case should follow the principle of “the burden of proof lies with the person making the claim”.

The burden of proof means the collection of proof or evidence. In civil (民事的) cases, “if you accuse someone of causing you harm or losses, you should collect proof to back your claim,” Ye told CCTV. “If you cannot do that, the law will not be able to support your claim.”

However, to prevent such cases in the first place, the country needs to put a better social security net in place.“Some elderly people choose to blackmail (敲诈) their helpers because they do not have health insurance to cover their treatment,” China Youth Daily noted.

Answer sheet:

D1 1-4 BABD

D2 1-5 BCCDB

D3 1-4 DCCD

D4

1. about 2. annoying 3. her 4. eating 5. were suffering 6. closely 7. why 8. to promote 9. while 10. should