宾语从句语法讲解及专题训练
第17讲 宾语从句
高职考纲中宾语从句测试的重点是:掌握宾语从句的基本用法
1. 掌握宾语从句的各不同引导词的用法。
2. 掌握宾语从句的语序。
3.
掌握宾语从句中,主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。
宾语从句在复合句中作宾语,从句放在主句谓语动词(及物动词),介词或某些形容词之后,前后不用逗号分开。如
I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
She was interested in what I said.
二、宾语从句的引导词
1、由连词that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, hope, see, believe, expect, hear 等动词后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
He says (that) his father is a boss.
注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。如:I find it necessary that we should learn English well.
2、由连词if、 whether 引导的宾语从句表示“是否„„”。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 I wonder whether (if) they will come to our party.
当whether与or not连用时whether不可换用if。 在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。在动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
3、由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中既有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。 Do you know which film they are talking about? (which在从句中做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where在从句中 做地点状语)
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句属于名词性从句,它的语序必须是陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 如:I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
四、宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
如:She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
注意事项:如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在
时态。
如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
如:Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?
五.其他常见用法
否定转移问题在think,believe,suppose,consider等动词所跟的宾语从句中,如果从句表
示的是否定意义,一般要将否定词移至主句的谓语上,而将从句变为肯定形式。如: I’m sorry , but I don’t think I know you. 很抱歉,我想我并不认识你。
I don’t believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的。
例1(2008年,陕西)
He asked me ______ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.
A. that B. if C. how D. what
[解析]考查宾语从句引导词。根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气,所以排除选项A;宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分,故本题应选B。
例2(2008年,湖北武汉)
—Do you know ____?
—Sorry, I don't know.
A. where does Jimmy work B. where Jimmy works
C. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do
[解析] 考查陈述句语序。A、C、D用的是疑问句语序,所以该题的正确答案应为B。 例3(2008年,北京)
—Do you know ____ for Shanghai last night?
—At 9:00.
A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave
C. what time he left D. what time did he leave
[解析] 考查陈述句语序和时态。根据语序,可以排除选项B和D,从时间状语last night可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时,故本题的正确答案是C。
例4(2009年,浙江平湖)
I think _____ best that you should stay here.
A. this B. that C. it D. what
[解析] 考查it引导的形式宾语。that后面引导的是宾语从句,it 起形式宾语的作用,this, that, what 都不能作形式宾语,故本题的正确答案是C。
例5(2010年,浙江杭州)
Linda said the moon ______ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. had travelled D. travells
[解析] 考查时态。宾语从句表达的是事实真理时,用一般现在时,故本题的正确答案是D。 例6 (2009年, 嘉兴)
In some western countries,when you hear something like an invitation, listen carefully to make sure _____ it is a real invitation or not.
A. if B.whether C. weather D. that
[解析] 考查宾语从句引导词。句意“在一些西方国家,当你听到像邀请之类的东西,你要仔细听来确定是否是一个真正的邀请。”宾语从句表达的是一个不确实的事,且后面有or not,故本题的正确答案是B。
例7 (2010年, 宁波)
We don’t believe (that) they will come tomorrow, _________?
A. do we B.don’t we C. will they D.won’t they
[解析] 考查宾语从句的否定转移。真正的否定意义在从句,这种否定前移的宾语从句,在变成反意疑问句时,反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。本题的正确答案是C。
1. I find _______ strange _______ she doesn’t want to travel.
A. it, that B. that, that C. it, what D. that, what
------2004年高职考试题
[解析] 考查it 作形式宾语。真正的宾语从句不缺what 对应的成分,故本题正确答案为A。
2.No one can be sure _______ in a million years.
A. man will look like what B. what will man look like
C. what man will look like D. what look will man like
------2004年高职考试题
3.Please tell us _______ to the Science Museum.
A. how can we reach B. how we can reach
C. how can we get D. how we can get
------20005年高职考试题
[解析] 第2.3两题考查宾语从句的语序与get to短语。2题正确答案为C,3题正确答案为D。
4. —Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes, But if it , we’ll visit the famous company instead.
A. you will have, rains B. you will have, will rain
C. you have, will rain D. will you have, rains
------20005年高职考试题
[解析] 本题考查在宾语从句和条件状语中的不同用法。第一个if 位于及物动词后面,所以引导的是宾语从句,时间是tomorrow,用将来时态;第二个if 引导的是条件状语从句,用一般现在时代替将来时,故本题的正确答案是A。
4..Do you know when ______?
Oh ,it’s on December 1 st.
A.the World AIDS day are . B,are the World AIDS Day .
C.the World AIDS Day is D.is the world AIDS Day .
------2009年高职考试题
[解析]考查宾语从句的语序与主谓一致。the World AIDS Day作主语,是单数概念,一个日子,正确答案为C。
5.Emily couldn’t find her key .She didn’t remember_________.
A. what it was B. where was it
C. what was it D. where it was
------2010年高职考试题
[解析]考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。从句中缺少表示地点的表语,正确答案为D。
一、单项填空
1. He says ______ he will go skating tomorrow.
A. what B. that C. if D.how
2. 一Could you please tell me_______?
一I live in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
A.where do you live B.if you live in Guilin
C.where you live D.where you were born
3. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do
C. how we should do D. what should we do
4. My physics teacher said that light________faster than sound.
A. travels B.travel C.travelled D. travelling
5. They said that they ______ in a week.
A. will come back B. would come back C. come back D. Came back
6. Could you tell me_______we are going mountain hiking tomorrow or not?
A. whether B. if C. when D. where
7. I don't know ____.
A.which room I can live B.which room can I live
C.which room I can live in D.which room can I live in
8. I don’t know if it ______________ tomorrow, If it _____________, I’ll not go fishing.
A.rains;rains B. Rains;will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain
9. Do you remember _______ you said at the meeting?
A.when B. where C.that D. what
10. Lucy said she ____such a beautiful piece of music before.
A. hasn’t heard B. hadn’t heard C. doesn’t hear D. didn’t hear
二、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me _________ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.(when, why)
2. Do you know ________ else is going to be on duty today?(who, whom)
3. She said _______ it wouldn't matter much.(that, what)
4. He always thinks _______ he can do better.(how, who)
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. They don't know _______their parents are. (where,when)
8. I was really surprised at _______ I saw. (that, what)
9. I don't know_______ way I should take. (which, where)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him when he was in trouble.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
一.填入适当的单词完成句子。
1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us?
Could you tell us _________ Mr.Brown _________ living in China?
2.When does the train leave?I want to know.
I want to know _________ the train _________ .
3.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
4. I think this is a good idea.(改为否定句)
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
5. He has been to Beijing before.
He said _______ he ______ been to Beijing before.
二.把下列句子改写成宾语从句
1. You were ill yesterday. (I hear„)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. How old is he? (He doesn't know„)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Have they finished the experiment? (I want to know„)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Does your uncle live in Nanjing? (I am not sure„)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Who will come to see us? (Could you tell us„)
_______________________________________________________________________________
6.The days are longer than the nights in summer. ( My father told me„)
_______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案:
基础训练
一、单项填空
1. B. 2.C. 3.B. 4.A 5.B. 6. A 7. C. 8. C. 9.D 10. B
二、用合适的连接词填空。
1. why 2. who 3. that 4. how 5. how soon
6. whether 7.where 8. what 9. which 10. what
三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. will go 2. was 3. is 4. would 5. swam
6. works. 7. had finished 8. hike 9. helped 10. to go
提高训练
一.填入适当的单词完成句子。
1.whether (if), enjoys 2.when, leaves 3. Whether (if), came 4. don’t think, is
二.把下列句子改写成宾语从句
1.I hear that you were will yesterday.
2. He doesn’t know how old he is.
3. I want to know if they have finished the experiment.
4. I am not sure if your uncle lives in Nanjing.
5. Could you tell us who will come to see us?
6. My father told me that the days are longer than the nights in summer.
5.that, had