高考英语作文如何打造高分?

高考英语作文如何打造高分？

书面表达是高考中的重头戏，能体现考生的语言综合运用能力，但在高考紧张压力之下如何快速成就考场美文，这对很多考生来说是个令人头疼的问题。为此很多考生报怨：作文之难，难于上青天! 然而凡事皆有其内在规律性，通其理，表其情，究其形，由表及里，形神俱备，优秀作文尽在我手。本文将从遣词、造句、连贯、谋篇、版面净洁五个方面全面阐述高考书面致胜之道。

一、卷面整洁化

高考作文阅卷是扫描试卷后在电脑上阅卷，所以书写和卷面显得十分重要。书写是否规范、卷面是否整洁将直接决定扫描的效果，影响阅卷老师对你文章的第一印象。这点完全是考生自己多加注意就可以做好的，标准很简单：clean and clear。

卷面就像人的脸一样，它给阅卷人以第一视觉，因此印象最为深刻。书面表达更是如此，不论你运用了多么复杂的语法结构，多么高级的词汇以及行文多么紧凑连贯，如果卷面像一把乱草，则很难让阅卷人了解你的文采。阅卷人因此匆忙阅卷，走马观花，这样一来，你的心血白费，你的劳动无效。因此要求：书写规范，态度认真，字体工整，切莫乱涂乱划。与此同时还应注意版面设计美观大方，切莫写得到边到沿，这样会给人很堵的感觉；注意两边页面边距不要留得过大，只写在中间，那样不够美观，即要挨着横线写。

二、词汇高级化

新的评价标准要求我们尽量使用高级词汇。一是张扬个性表现出与众不同，使人一看有一种新颖特别的感觉。二是高级词汇的选取和运用，使阅卷者对考生的英语功底有一定程度的了解。但高级词汇并不是越难越好，越长越好，主要是指那些大部分考生都想不到用且又符合英美国家表达习惯的方式，例如一些常规词的特殊用法，或是通过构词法而形成的词汇、复合词、名词用作动词，象声词等。

1. ①A new railway is being built in my home town.

②A new railway is under construction in my home town.

2. ①A strong storm happened in our city last night.

②A strong storm hit (struck) our city last night.

3. ①Some of my classmates are for the movie.

②Some of my classmates are in favour of the movie.

上述各句中的①都是一般表述法，即大部分学生可能用到的，而②却与众不同，用词独到考究，新活出众，更能显示你的遣词造句的语言才华。

高考毕竟是选拔性考试，要是能做到“人无我有，人有我优”，必然会吸引阅卷老师的眼球，更有机会拿到高分。

大部分学生以为高考作文只要写得完整、没有语法错误，就可以拿到高分，其实不然。一般来说，高考英语作文要求80~120个单词，这意味着大概要写10个左右的句子。如果这十几个句子用的都是很简单的词汇，那肯定无法达到高分档的要求。所以，我们强调适当使用高级的词汇。下面，我们就来看看“高分词汇选择原则”。

1．词组优先原则。表达同样的意思，如果是在单词和词组中进行选择，要优先选择词组。如： ［原文］A new railway is being built in my hometown.

［改进］A new railway is under construction in my hometown.

点拨：在写一篇介绍自己家乡的文章中，说到了家乡“正在修建”一条铁路时，用介词短语来表达就比用“build”这个单词的被动语态要好得多。

2．地道原则。尽量使用英文中的既有词组，不要自己生造，以免出现中式英文。如：

［原文］Through traveling, I learned a lot of knowledge.

［改进］Through traveling, I gained/obtained a lot of knowledge.

点拨：知识不是“学习”的，而是“获得”的。这是许多同学容易犯错的地方，需引起注意。

3．避免重复原则。因为在高考中只要求80~120个单词，所以一味重复使用低水平单词就会与 “高级、复杂”这个评分概念相抵触。如：

［原文］I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

［改进］I like reading while my brother enjoy s watching television.

点拨：重复使用like 来表达“喜欢”的意思，不仅表达单一，文章显得死板，而且容易让阅卷老师感觉你词汇匮乏，影响得分。此外，表达“我认为”，大多数人一般都只会“I think”,其实我们完全可以用“I su ppose”“I consider”“I hold the view that”“I take the attitude that”等来表达。

4．“后高长”原则。启用后学到的、较高级的、较长的词汇。例如下面单词的替换：

原词 替换词

clever intelligent

hardworking diligent

hard diligently

very rather/extremely

pay attention to attach importance to

happy delighted

more and more an increasing number of

firstly first of all；to begin with；initially

but;however on the contrary

三、文辞优美化

要想使所写的文章凸显文采，展示综合运用语言的能力，就要能写出几个漂亮的句子来，这就要求在平时的学习过程中大量地积累课内外一切有用的习惯表达和典型的句子，如强调句、倒装句、虚拟句、感叹句、非谓语动词句型、it 句型、with 结构以及各种典型的从句等，真正做到句式多样，句型结构复杂，使用恰当得体，尽量避免使用结构单一、长度相同的单句，以免使所写文章平淡无奇，缺乏生气，读起来索然无味。

1、基本句型布大局，多种句型来交替

(1) ①people can well use Internet Bars only in this way.

②Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.

(2)①I suggest Internet Bars should be strictly managed and should direct young kids to surf the web. ②I suggest Internet Bars be under strict supervision and young kids be guided to surf the web.

(3) ①I have found a house. It is 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.

②I have found a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.

2、凭关系、并列、复合恰当介入

(1) ①I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time. Now I am interested in football.

②I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.

以上根据两个单句间的并列关系或转折关系，合并成有相应关系的并列句。

(2)I hope you come and see for yourself some day.

(3)You want to know what is going on in schools in China.

以上为含宾语从句的复合句。

(4)The main subjects I studied at school included…

(5)The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street , which is not far from Jiaxin Chinese School.

以上为含定语从句的复合句。

(6)As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.

(7)Before we knew it , we had to say good-bye to the workers.

以上为含时间状语从句的复合句

(8)The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.

含结果状语从句的复合句

(9) Hope you don’t have to wait as long as we did .

含比较状语从句的复合句

(10)Hope things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce the learning load.

注意：以上句型要在确保语法的正确和准确下使用。文章中存在语法错误必然会影响最终的得分。一般在高考英语阅卷中，三个小的语法错误会被扣掉1分，一个大的语法错误(例如谓语使用错误) 会被扣掉1分。所以，大家在平时写作时要养成时时提醒自己尽量不犯语法错误的习惯，特别是要尽量避免由于粗心引起的错误，如冠词的基本用法、名词复数形式的写法等方面的错误。而语法基础较为薄弱的同学，除了要加强自己的语法功底，还可以试着背诵一些高频句型结构。因为这些结构不仅语法正确，而且必定会成为高考英语作文中的得分点。如果大家能背诵这些高频结构并在考试中直接套用，即使语法偏弱也能在一定程度上避免自己造句所犯的语法错误，还能在这些点上得分——可谓一举两得。比如倒装句，大家在考试中很少主动去用，但只要正确使用这个句型，通常都会让阅卷人眼前一亮，从而起到意想不到的效果。在此，笔者推荐四组倒装句，大家不妨仔细揣摩并模仿练习。这些句子分别如下：

1. Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we solve the problem of pollution.

2. So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.

3. Diligent as he was, he failed to pass the exam.

4. By no means should teenagers get into the habit of smoking.

四、衔接自然化

文章的连贯性和紧凑感是高考书面表达的一个重要评分标准。只有很好地运用连接词才能使文章连贯、流畅，才能提升书面表达的质量，拿到高分。有的同学在作文中使用过多的简单句，使文章显得单调、急促；有的尽管用了连接词，但表达过于单一，满篇都用so 、and 、then 、but 、or 等。这非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使文章显得呆板。为了避免这种现象，应尽量使用不同的关联词，以使文章不仅句型丰富，而且思想表达清楚，语意连贯。

评分标准把衔接和连贯作为核心标准，有效而恰当地使用连接词是衡量是否衔接连贯的重要标准之一。我们应根据所写文章的内容，按照时间先后、空间顺序、逻辑关系、因果关系，弄清所写内容之间的内在联系，切莫按照要求中的提示顺序来组篇，一定要加以适当调整。然后加入构成语篇组带的过渡词串句成文，从而使所写的文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，语义贯通，过渡自然，环环相扣，层次清晰，逻辑分明，不留痕迹，自然成文。现将中学阶段应掌握的过渡语以及高考书面表达范文中出现的例句总结如下：

（一）表起始的过渡语有first of all, to begin with, in my / our opinion, according to , so far, as far as.

(1)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.

（二）表时间的过渡语有at first, then , later, meanwhile , in the end, finally, after that , since then for the first time, at last , as soon as, the next moment , in the past, at present, in the future等。

(2)After that I went to No. 8 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer .

(3)Firstly, the technology of … secondly, people’s income has…Thirdly, mobile phones are …

（三）表空间的过渡语有on the right/ left, to the right/ left of, on one side of… on the other side of …, at the foot/ top/ end of, in the middle/ center of等。

(4)On one side of the road there is a new classroom building.

On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.

（四）表因果的过渡语有for, because of, thanks to, one reason is that… another reason is that …, thus, so, therefore, as a result(of…)等。

(5) So come on, stand here.

（五）表转折的过渡语有but, yet , however, on the contrary, except for, in spite of, otherwise, after all, in fact等。

(6)But we didn’t know them.

(7)They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.

(六) 表列举的过渡语有for example/ instance, take…as an example, such as, that is , like, as follows, in other words, and so on等。

（8）I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons.

（七）表推进的过渡语有what’s more, further more, on one hand,…one the other hand…, in addition, as well, still, also, not only… but also…，besides, even, moreover，for one thing, for another thing等。

(9)What’s more, I can go to bed earlier.

(10)I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.

五、布局精细化

所谓谋篇布局就是根据题目要求，在全面理解所要求内容基础上勾画全篇写作轮廓，分清楚文章应该写几个方面，或几个段落。在高考书面表达中，尤其是规定情景作文、图表作文、说明文、描写记叙文和实用文体作文等类型，精细化的谋篇布局显得尤为重要。有心人才能真正做到结构严谨，令人耳目一新。精细化要求我们在写作时要注重部分内容与主题思想的一致性，也就是说，不管一篇文章从多少个方面进行论述和解释，都必须紧紧围绕主题进行，每一部分都是依据文章的主题和中心思想展开的，而且在内容和写法上是相互照应和互为补充的。其目的只有一个，就是全面、完整、准确、透彻地阐明文章的中心思想。以2001年考研作文例文为例：

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. 开门见山，点出主题。随后几段中都设有主题句。

As is shown in the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places."

You have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.

最后进一步深化主题so to come to a conclusion, we need offer our help to those in need.从而使整篇文章段落划分得当，行文连贯，层层递进，结构紧凑，深然一体，显示作者匠心独运。

另外要提醒大家注意的是，文章的内容一定要完整、相关。首先，内容要完整，比如2006年高考英语陕西卷的题目，要求写暑假的安排。这是一篇正反观点类的议论文，必须注意题目的要求：第一要提出讨论话题：“The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.”(这是一个经典的开篇句型模板) ；第二要写出正反两方不同的观点，并表明自己的观点。这两方面的要求如果有缺失，就会被扣掉相应的分数。再比如2005年高考英语广东卷的成语寓言故事，要做到内容完整，不仅需要描写整个守株待兔的过程，还要点明故事的寓意。总之，大家只要稍加注意，都能做到内容的完整。其次，内容要相关。这就要求考生不随意添加要点，不过分发挥，使文章出现多余的信息，否则也会被扣分。同样，这点也是考试时大家稍加注意就能避免的。

总之，高考英语写作，只要有意识地科学训练是可以快速有效提高的。写好书面表达非一日之功，需平日知识多加积累和勤加练习，同时在做书面表达，写笔成文之际，对以上五个方面详加揣摸，细心体会，终有一日，写出的文章像风行水上来得自然亮丽。

高考英语写作经典句式十二类

这里搜罗了一些短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式按从简到繁排列，功能相同或相似，同学们可根据自己的情况择其一二，熟练正确地仿写或套用。希望大家都能拿到好成绩！

1. 表述原因

1）…(数字) reasons for this.

2) There are many reasons explaining this.

3）The/Their reasons (for this) are as follows.

4）

5) There are/They have at least …(数字) good reasons accounting for this attitude.

6）In their views, there are …(数字) factors contributing to this attitude as follows.

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, … Secondly, ... Last but not least, ….

Tips: 如果在写第一个句子时没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 这样就可以避免套用中的表达失误。

2. 表述好处

1）It has the following advantages.

2）Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.

3）It does us a lot of good.

4）It benefits us quite a lot.

5）6) Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.

例如：

Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

3. 表述坏处

1）It does us much harm.

2）It is harmful to us.

3）It has more disadvantages than advantages.

4）However, everything divides into two. It can also be harmful to us.

5) Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.” The negative aspects are also apparent.

6）Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.” X is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.

例如：

However, everything divides into two. It can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

4. 表述重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important / necessary / difficult / convenient / possible for sb. to do sth.

2）We think it necessary to do sth.

3）It plays an important role in our life.

例如：

We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly

important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

5. 表述措施

1）We should take some effective measures.

2）We should do our utmost in doing sth.

3）We should try our best to overcome / conquer the difficulties.

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted / faced with.

5) We must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

6) As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.

7) Confronted/Faced with X, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.

例如：

The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.

Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.

6. 表述变化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.

例如：

Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are obvious.

7. 表述事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that...

2）3）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

4） However ，that’s not the case.

例如：

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can …

8. 表述比较

1）Compared with A, B...

2）I prefer to … rather than ….

3）There is a striking contrast between them.

例如：

Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.

9. 表述数量

1）It has increased / decreased from...to...

2）The population in this city has now increased/decreased to 800,000.

3）The output of May in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of April.

例如：

From the graph listed above, it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

10. 表述看法

1) There are two sides of opinions about it.

2）People have different opinions/views on this problem.

3) People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.

4）People have / take / adopt / assume different attitudes towards sth.

5) The opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

6）Some people believe that...Others argue that...

7）①From my point of view, I think…

②In my opinion, I think…

③As far as I’m concerned, I hold the point of view that…

④As far as I’m concerned, I firmly support the view that…

I’m sure my opinion is both sound and well grounded.

例如：

Do lucky numbers really bring good luck? Different people have different views on it.

Tips: 一些段落很适宜以问句开始，同学们不妨掌握这一写作方法。

11. 表述结论

1）In short/To sum up, it can be said that...

2）It may be briefly summed up as follows：

3) So it goes without saying that…

4) Therefore, there is no doubt that…

5) Through the above analysis, I believe that…

6）From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that...

例如：

From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved.

Tips: 例句1可用于任何段落的结论句；例句3则多用作文章结论段的第一句。

12. 套语

1）It’s well known to us that...

2) As is known to us, ...

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about.

4）From the graph / table / chart listed above, it can be seen that...

5) As is shown /indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table/graph/picture/chart/pie, …

6) Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over the issue…

7）As a proverb says, “….”

8) Just as a popular saying goes, “….”

例如：

As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.