小学语法名词专题讲解

行致教育学科导学案

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行致教育教务处

教 学 过 程 知识点梳理

1. 定义

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing ，China 等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book ，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：

1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun 。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family 。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air 。

4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work 。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。

2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词） a. 一般情况在名词后加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps

浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars

b. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es 读 /iz/

bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxes c. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses

d. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i 再加es 读 /z/

baby---babies

e. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

1). 加s ，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos ； 2). 加es ，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 3). 上述a 和b 两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。

3．以“f或fe”结尾，变f 或fe 为v, 再加-es ，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：

man-men, woman-women, policeman（男警察）-policemen, policewoman（女警察）-policewomen,

mouse-mice

child （孩子）-children foot-feet,. tooth-teeth

fish-fish, sheep（羊）-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people 后加上s 时即peoples 表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。 以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。

Water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁）juice （果汁）bread （面包）

4. 名词所有格 1）在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Where’s Lin Tao’s bike?林涛的自行车在哪？

2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-s, 则仅仅加一个“ ’ ”，例如：teachers’ office老师的办公室 3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s, 则仍然加“’s”，例如：those men’s hats 那些男士的帽子

4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“’s”，例如：Jim’s and Kate’s glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜

5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”，例如：Jim and Kate’s kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）

6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，例如：Shall we go to Meimei’s for supper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭，好吗？

7）没有生命的名词所有格用of ，例如：This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张全家福。 课堂训练

一. 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词

peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry

二. 写出下列名词的复数形式

1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________ 4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________ 7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________ 10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________ 13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________ 16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________ 三. 填入所给名词的适当形式

1. We have three________(pen). 2. This is an __________(apple). 3. Where is the__________(pencil)?

4. There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice). 5. Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am. 6. There are a few __________(watch)on the desk. 7. Many__________(shelf)are in our school library. 8. He has some__________(ink). 9. The__________(girl)in red is Mary.

10. How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three. 四. 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类

school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint –pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1. pencil 2. banana 3. coat 4. wolf

5. school building 五. 选择题

( )1.There is __________on the table.

A. Plate A.flowers A.sheep A.skirt A.legs

B.a plate B.a flower

C.plates C.flowers

( )2.I can see many __________in the garden. ( )3.The_____on the hills are all white.

B.sheeps B.shoe B.leg

C.dog C.shirts

C.faces

( )4.These new_____are for you. ( )5.The clock has three______

( )6.They are not in the same_______.

A.class A.a key A.a class A.peoples A.boys

B.classes

C.familys

( )7.Is this your_____?

B.keys

C.key

C.Chinese class C.a people C.child

( )8.They are having_____.

B.English class B.people B.teachers

( )9.There are so many _____in the hall. ( )10.The_____has some nice pictures. ( )11.The_____are dancing at the party.

A.woman A.student

(

A.man

B.women B.a student B.woman

C.man C.students C.women

C.policemans C.knives

( )12.The _____are in Room408.

)13.Who’s that_____? She’s my mother.

( )14.The_____are catching the thief.

A.policeman A.knife

B.policemen B.knifes

( )15.There are new _____in my schoolbag. ( )16._____jacket is it? May be it’s_____.

A.Who’s;Toms B.What;Tom’s

( )17.The books are the_____.

A.teachers’

( ( ( ( ( ( (

A.children

B.teachers

C.teacher

C.Childrens’ C.Ann and Anna C.Tom C.Jim and Tim

C.uncle’s C.the twins’

)18.There are a lot of children in the park on_____Day.

B.Children’s

)19.Is it the twins’ bedroom? Yes,it is. It’s_____bedroom. A.Ann and Anna’s

B.Ann’s and Anna’s

B.Toms

)20.That is _____dog. A.Tom’s )21._____coats are very pretty. A.Jim and Tim’s A.uncles

B.Jim’s and Tim’s

B.uncle B.twins’

)22.They are going to their_____home for dinner. )23.The big room is_____. A.the twin’s )24.March 8th is_____. A.Woman’s Day

B.Womans’ Day

C.Women’s Day

C.Whose;Tom’s

六. 根据英语解释以及首字母写单词

1. comes after afternoon 3. the hottest season

e_________ w________ s_________ J__________ b__________

2. a small bag with money in it

4. the first day of the working week 5. the first month of a year 6. a room for sleeping

M_______

7. your uncle’s son or daughter c_________

8. the sister of your father or mother a_________ 9. the month after July A__________ 10. making you very afraid; very bad t__________ 七. 英汉互译

1. 一位美国医生____________ 2. 许多绵羊___________ 3. 不同的季节____________ 4. 一杯牛奶_____________ 5. 凯特的家庭照__________ 6.my uncle’s friend___________ 7.her cat’s name____________ 8.the doors of the classroom_______ 9.the twins’ mother_________ 10.Lucy and Kate’s bedroom_______ 八. 根据中文完成句子

1. When you have a headache, you should stay in bed and take some__________(药). 2. My hobby is collecting___________(邮票).

3. Many___________(孩子)like watching cartoon(卡通片). 4. Every morning we should brush__________(牙齿). 5. We must clean our__________(教师)after school. 6. May I have another__________(一瓶橘汁). 7. I like __________(这条连衣裙的颜色).

8. ____________________(汤姆和安的手套)are the same. 9. There are many__________(狼)in the forest. 10. __________(西红柿)is my favourite vegetable. 九. 阅读理解

Look at the picture on the wall. It’s a picture of Mr. Green’s family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr.

Green’s father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeff’s parents love them all very much.

( )1.The old man is Lucy and Lily’s__________. A.father

B.cousin B.sisters B.a sister

C.uncle C.sons

D.grandfather

D.daughters D.two sisters

( )2.The Greens have two__________. A.brothers A.a friend

( )3.Lucy has__________.

C.a brother

( )4.Jeff’s father is Lucy and Lily’s__________.

A. Uncle A.doctor

十. 名词所有格练习.

B.father B.worker

C.brother C.teacher

D.grandfather D.father

( )5.Lily’s mother is a __________.

1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书). 3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice. 4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ? 6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam 的老师). 7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th . 8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节). 10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now. 11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门). 12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.

13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new. 14. ________________________________(John和Sally 的母亲) are American. 15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou. 16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken. 17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th .

18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ? 19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室). 20. _____________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.

一、写出下列名词的复数形式

1、、、4、、、、8、、10、、、13、、、16、、、19、、、二、选择填空

1、beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos

2. made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has

3. in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That’aart book. A. an B. a C. the D are

already. A. two bread B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread .

A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish

in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches

twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth

10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 11. In Britain _____ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box

三、选择填空

1. They come from different ______

A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys

2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?

A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato

3. They are______.

A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 4. Would you like _______ ,please?

A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water

C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters

5. Most of ______ live in _______.

A. Germans, German B. German, Germen

C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany

6. There are some ______ in these _______. A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box

C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes

7. ______ like ______ by air.

A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling

C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling

8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).

A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples

9. There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs 10. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there. A. women …girls B. women… girl C. woman…girls D. woman…girl

11. Mr Black is a friend of _________. A. Jack's aunt's B. Jack's aunt C. Jack aunt's D. aunt's of Jack

12. This toy was made by a ____ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older

13. The farmer raised ten _________. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows

14. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.

A. her grandmother B. her grandmother's C. her grandmothers'

D. that of her grandmother

15. We have moved into a ________. A. two- storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house

16. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.

A. box's steel B. box of a steel

C. steel box

D. box of the steel

17. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.

A. the Teacher's Day B. Teacher's Day C. a Teacher's Day D. Teachers' Day

18. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her

19. _________are big and bright. A. The classroom window

B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom's windows 四．将以下单复数句进行转换 1 This is a knife. ______________________________________ 2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________ 3 That child is very

good._____________________________________ 4 These are mice. ______________________________________ 5 Those are children. ______________________________________