氨基酸性质
PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS
This table gives selected properties of some important amino acids and closely related compounds. The first part of the table lists the 20 “standard”amino acids that are the basic constituents of proteins (structures of these amino acids may be found in the following table). The second part includesother amino acids and related compounds of biochemical importance. Within each part of the table the compounds are listed by name in alphabeticalorder.
Symbol — Three-letter symbol for the standard amino acidsMr — Molecular weighttm — Melting point
pKa , pKb , pKc , pKd — Negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constants for the COOH and NH2 groups(and, in some cases, other groups) in the molecule (at 25oC)pI — pH at the isoelectric point
S — Solubility in water at 25oC in units of grams of compound per kilogram of water; when quantitative data are notavailable, the notations sl.s. (for slightly soluble) and v.s. (for very soluble) are used.
Data on the enthalpy of formation of many of these compounds are included in the table “Standard Thermodynamic Properties of ChemicalSubstances” in Section 5 of this Handbook. Absorption spectra and optical rotation data can be found in Reference 3. Partial molar volume and otherthermodynamic properties, including solubility as a function of temperature, are given in References 3 and 5. Most of the pK values come fromReference 7.
REFERENCES
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
Dawson, R. M. C., Elliott, D. C., Elliott, W. H., and Jones, K. M., Data for Biochemical Research, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986.Budavari, S., Ed., The Merck Index, Twelfth Edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, 1996.
Sober, H. A., Ed., CRC Handbook of Biochemistry. Selected Data for Molecular Biology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1968.Voet, D. and Voet, J. G., Biochemistry, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995.
Hinz, H. J., Ed., Thermodynamic Data for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986.
Fasman, G. D., Ed., Practical Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.
Smith, R. M., and Martell, A. E., NIST Standard Reference Database 46: Critically Selected Stability Constants of Metal ComplexesDatabase, Version 3.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1997.8.Jin, Z. and Chao, K. C., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 37, 199, 1992.
The standard amino acids:SymbolAlaArgAsnAspCysGluGlnGlyHisIleLeuLysMetPheProSerThrTrpTyrVal
NameAlanineArginineAsparagineAspartic acidCysteine
Glutamic acidGlutamineGlycineHistidineIsoleucineLeucineLysineMethioninePhenylalanineProlineSerineThreonineTryptophanTyrosineValine
Mol. form.C3H7NO2C6H14N4O2C4H8N2O3C4H7NO4C3H7NO2SC5H9NO4C5H10N2O3C2H5NO2C6H9N3O2C6H13NO2C6H13NO2C6H14N2O2C5H11NO2SC9H11NO2C5H9NO2C3H7NO3C4H9NO3C11H12N2O2C9H11NO3C5H11NO2
Mr89.09174.20132.12133.10121.16147.13146.1575.07155.16131.17131.17146.19149.21165.19115.13105.09119.12204.23181.19117.15
tm/°C[***********][***********][***********]343315
pKa2.332.032.161.951.912.162.182.341.702.262.322.152.162.181.952.132.202.382.242.27
pKb9.719.008.739.6610.289.589.009.589.099.609.589.169.089.0910.479.058.969.349.049.52
pKc12.103.718.144.15
pI6.0010.765.412.775.073.225.655.977.596.025.989.745.745.486.305.685.605.895.665.96
S/g kg-1165.0 182.625.14.95v.s.8.6142250.943.534.222.05.85627.91623421.798.113.20.4688.5
6.04
10.67
10.10
2000 CRC Press LLC
Other amino acids and related compounds:
Name
Mol. form.Mrtm/°CpKapKbpKc
pKd
S/g kg-1
N-Acetylglutamic acidN6-Acetyl-L-lysineβ-Alanine
DL-2-Aminobutanoic acidDL-3-Aminobutanoic acid4-Aminobutanoic acid5-Aminolevulinic acidL-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acidAzaserine
L-γ-Carboxyglutamic acidCarnosineCitrullineCreatine
L-Cysteic acidL-Cystine
L-3,5-DiiodotyrosineDopamineL-EthionineGlycocyamineN-GlycylglycineHistamineHomocysteineHomocystineL-Homoserine5-Hydroxylysine
trans-4-HydroxyprolineL-3-IodotyrosineL-KynurenineL-LanthionineLevodopa
2-MethylalanineL-1-MethylhistidineL-NorleucineL-NorvalineL-Ornithine
O-PhosphoserineL-Pyroglutamic acidSarcosineL-Thyroxine
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C7H11NO5C8H16N2O3C3H7NO2C4H9NO2C4H9NO2C4H9NO2C5H9NO3C4H9NO2C5H7N3O4C6H9NO6C9H14N4O3C6H13N3O3C4H9N3O2C3H7NO5SC6H12N2O4S2C9H9I2NO3C8H11NO2C6H13NO2SC3H7N3O2C4H8N2O3C5H9N3C4H9NO2SC8H16N2O4S2C4H9NO3C6H14N2O3C5H9NO3C9H10INO3C10H12N2O3C6H12N2O4SC9H11NO4C4H9NO2C7H11N3O2C6H13NO2C5H11NO2C5H12N2O2C3H8NO6PC5H7NO3C3H7NO2C15H11I4NO4
189.17199188.2326589.09200103.12304103.12194103.12203131.13118103.12183173.13150191.14167226.24260175.19222131.13303169.16260240.30260432.98213153.18163.24273117.11282132.12263111.1583135.19232268.36264119.12203162.19131.13274307.09205208.22185208.24295197.19277103.12335169.18250131.17301117.15305132.16140185.07166129.1216289.09212776.87
235
2.129.513.5110.082.309.633.4310.054.0210.354.05
8.90
8.551.709.902.519.352.329.302.6314.301.898.701.508.802.129.1010.362.189.052.823.138.109.832.158.571.599.442.279.282.138.851.829.472.20
9.10
2.208.752.3610.211.698.852.319.682.319.651.948.782.149.803.322.189.972.20
10.01
4.753.20
6.76
1.302.058.03
6.168.886.112.548.52
9.838.70
9.8113.40
6.48
5.70
6.45
8912101250v.s.
v.s.
32216 v.s.0.110.62
5
v.s.
0.21100
361sl.s.sl.s.1.51650137 15 107v.s.428sl.s.
13.10
10.3810.52