英语宾语从句语法讲解
宾语从句
宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语 .(简单句) 主s 谓v 宾o (从句) 主s 谓v 宾o
给下列句子的宾语从句选线 主s 谓v 宾o Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone. I don’t know if he will come tonight. Let’s find out what’s on tonight . 焦点一:宾语从句的引导词
1、 陈述句用that引导。that不充当任何成分,也无实义,只起到连接的作用,可以省略。如:She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。 ○
1I don’ t doubt she's telling the truth. A. when B. whether C. that D. why ○
2 I’m sure Tom will come there tonight. A. when B. whether C. / D. why ☆注意:下列情况下不能省略that。
(1)and连接多个宾语从句,第一个从句中的that可以省略,其他从句中that不能省略。 I know (that) he is a good student and that he likes basketball. (2)、that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时或that作从句主语,that不能省略。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. He thought that that was a washing machine. (3)、主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。
We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job. 2.一般疑问句,用if或whether来引导,意为“是否”。如: I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.
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3 I wonder you like me. A. that B. whether C. / D. what ○
4 I’m not sure Tom will come there tonight. A. when B. whether C. / D. what 注意:在以下情况中,只能用whether,不用if。 A) 在与 or not 的搭配中,只能用whether。
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5 she is a student or not. A. that B. if C. why D. whether B) 在动词不定式之前只能用whether I can’t decide whether to stay. C) 在介词后,只能用whether。
His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .
3. 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词和疑问副词。 Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗?
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗? ○
6I wonder I should do it. A. what B. that C. how to D. how ○
7I wonder I should do. A. what B. that C. how to D. how 焦点二:宾语从句的语序 (宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。) 1、Tom said. +He is reading a book. → Tom said that he was reading a book.
2、He asks me. +Are they playing a game? → He asks me if/whether they are playing a game. 3、Where is the hospital? He told me. → He told me Where the Hospital was. ○
8? A. does he live B. he lives C. did he live D. he lived
● 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时,语序本来就是陈述语序,故语序不再变化。 Who will give us a talk? Please tell us. →Please tell us who will give us a talk.
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9 D. the matter with you is A. was the matter with you B. the matter was with you C. is the matter with you ●do you think 可以放在开头,也可以放在居中。
Do you think? Where does Wei Fang live? →Do you think where Wei Fang lives?
→Where do you think Wei Fang lives?
焦点三:宾语从句的时态
1 I think he is a clever boy.
I think he has been to Beijing twice. I think he bought the book yesterday.
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A. haven’t started B. didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started ○
11 A.will go…has B.will go …will have C.would go …would have D.would go …had 3)当宾语从句是客观事实、真理、自然现象、谚语等,从句一律用一般现在时。 例: 焦点四:宾语从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide,等,若主从句主语相同时,从句可化为不定式结构。He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English.
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13 I hope a happy life. A. him to have B. he have C. he would D. to have 2. 当主谓为see, hear, watch, find等时, that从句简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构。(do或doing)如:
I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. → I heard her sing some songs in the next room. ○
14 Liu Ping found on the ground. A. a wallet is lying B. a wallet lie C. a wallet lying D. that a wallet is lying
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15 Tom saw into the room just now. A. she go B. her go C. her going D. she goes 3.特殊疑问词的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句主语或间接宾语相一致时,简化为“疑问词+不定式” I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.
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16Could you tell me how the hospital? A. could I get to B. I can get C. to get to D. can I get to 4.主谓语tell, show, teach,order,require等动词主从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为 “名词(代词)+不定式”结构。(tell/order„sb to do sth)
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once. ○
17 in class A. us not talk B.us not to talk C.us to not talk D. we not talk 5.特殊句式的转化
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
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18 I found _____ important to learn English well. A.it B.it is C. that D.that was 焦点五:宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓为I(we)think, suppose, believe等词时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。 I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我认为他明天不会来。
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19 I don’t think he is right,__________? A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I D.don’t I ○
20 He believes she is right, __________? A.doesn’t he B.does he C.is she D.isn’t she 宾语从句专题练习 类型一:引导词的运用
(1) I don’t know ___________ at home or not.
A. whether he is B. if he is C. that he is D.whether is he
(2) This depends on ________ the weather is fine. A. which B.whether C.if D.that (3) The teacher asked the new student _______ class he was in. A.which B.where C.if D.that
(4) I don’t know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English. A.why B. when C. how D. where
(5)Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ___ I said? David? A.what B.that C.why D.if 类型二:宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序 (1) Did you find out ______?
A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for (2) Are you interested in _____?
A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it (3) I don’t know how old _____. Can you tell me?
A. the two players were B. are the two players C. were the two players D. the two players are (4) Excuse me. Could you tell me __________________________? A. where was the nearest bank B. where is the nearest bank
C. where the nearest bank was D. where the nearest bank is (5)She asked Tom ________ with his car?
A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter 类型三:时态
(1) It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet, Sally.
A. haven’t started B. didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started (2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be (3)The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go (4)We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam.
A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass (5) “Could you tell me______?” “ Yes. They ____ to the library.”
A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been C. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (6) Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week.
A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys
(7)I hear that he ___ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. has gone 类型四:其他---反意疑问句,it做形式宾语
(1)I don’t think he is right,__________? A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I D.don’t I (2)He believes she is right, __________? A. doesn’t he B. does he C. is she D. isn’t she (3)I thought that he disliked playing football,__________?
A.didn’t he B.did he C.did I D.didn’t I
(4)I find _____ important to practice English every day. A.it B.this C. that D.what (5)You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited (6)—What did you parents think about your decision? —They always let me do ________ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what
(7)—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.—What do you think ____to her?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened ho D. happening what