高中虚拟语气详解
虚 拟 语 气
知 识 框 架
1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句
wish(would rather)+宾语从句
suggest(„)+宾语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do S+is that +s + (should) +do
S+that +s +(should) +do
3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did 用过去式表现在情况
1. 用过去完成式表过去
用过去将来表将来
2. should+动词原形型
内 容 详 述
注意事项:
1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。
2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。 3.If there weren't/had not been +„=without„ 4.If it were not for„/ If it hadn't been for„= but for„ 5.otherwise+虚拟语气的句子
6.虚拟语气的句子,but+ 陈述事实的句子
II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb. did „(希望现在用过去式)
sb. had done„(希望过去用过去完成式)
sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)
例:I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. (虚拟过去) I'd rather you(虚拟将来)
I’d rather you right away. (虚拟现在) 3. suggest+(that)S+should+do„
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should +动词原形,should常常省略。
这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested, require等。
注意:
1. suggest 当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气
2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。
判断改错:(错) Your pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that„等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词1
IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
distance.
2.If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only I had known the result of the 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为examination.
(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议), idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off. V. 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. VI. 虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is(about /high)time +that sb.did sth/should do sth.. eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home?
注:在this is the first time /second time that...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong? VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1.在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病,他俩去办公室。
2.由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成,should也可省略。
eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. VIII.虚拟语气用情感语言中
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