英语单词辨析
英语单词辨析
1、In the first place 首先
Place n(c) 地方
①地点（= a particular part of space)
Time and place 时间和地点 time and space 时间和空间
Form place to place 到处，处处
②地区（=a city ,town,village etc)
One ’s native place 故乡=home town nithing has happened in this place ③（口语）住所，住宅 come a around sometime to my place
④场所 a make-place 市场 a place of business 营业所
⑤座位，席位 a place card 席位证 go back to your place
Give place to a woman(an old man ) take one’s place 就坐
⑥地位，位置
Everything is in it’s place out of place 不适当的
The proposal is not quite in place
⑦职位（只用单数）职责
Look out for a place
Is your place to correct his errors(错误）。
⑧部分，处所
A sore (疼痛）place on the arm
Where was I reading ? I lost my place .
⑨名词（赛跑等）
The first place 第一名 in the last place 最后一名
⑩(数位）
Divide the number by 7 and calculate to 3 places of decimals(小数）.
Vt ①设，置，装 place the cards in alphabetical(字母顺序） order .
②配置，任命，安插 place a person as a teacher.
He was placed in command of the fleet (舰队）. Command 司令
③寄托（希望等）place confidence in a leader . 信任领导
④发出（订单）订购 place an order for machines with a factory.
⑤认出，想出 I know his face na can’t place him .
⑥评价 he ’s a difficult man to place .他这个人很难评价。
辨析一 place 、position 、post n 职位，地位
Place 普通用语，着重指政府、法庭等方面的职位，也指在集体中或者社会上的地位。
My place in society was at the bottom(末端）。
Position 着重指领取工资的职务，有时含有职务较高的意思。
He is a man of position.
Post 指担任的岗位
He is well qualified for the post .
辨析二 place 、put 、set (安）放
Place 较为正式的用语，不着重动作，而着重放的位置或情况。
I think it is the safest for me to stay here when nature placed me .
Put 着重指把东西放到某处或自某处拿出的动作。
Where did you put my hat ?
Set 着重指把东西放在一个确定或者指定的地方。
She set a magazine aside for reading later.
辨析三 place 、situation 、spot n ， 地方，地点，位置
Place 含义广泛，可以取代本组其他的词。
Come round to my place this evening.
Situation 指物体在其周围的环境中所处的位置或状态，有时含有暂时性的意味。
Choose an attraction situation for our camp.
Spot 指相对较少的，特定地点或者事物所在地。
This must be the very spot where the accident took place.
2、Hang on to 紧抓不放；依靠，求助于；继续下去；不挂断
His election hangs on one vote.
Hang back 畏缩，踌躇不前 hang by a (single) hair 千钧一发
Hang about 徘徊=hang around
Hang out (把身体、头）探出去
Hang over 笼罩，靠近，恐吓
Hang up 挂起来，悬而未决 hang together
The children hang about their mother .
Hang out of the window .
Clouds are hang over the mountain peaks .
Hang n(只用单数） （口语）大意；悬挂方式
3、use up 用完；使··精疲力尽
Feel use up 感到筋疲力尽
He has used up all his energy.
Use up a whole roll of film . Roll of film 胶卷
4、back down 放弃（要求） back off 让步，后退
Back Vt 支持的；使后退，倒车
We all back our school team .
He backed the car into the garage(车库）.
Vi 倒退 he backed up three steps .
辨析
1 accurate 、exact 、precise adj 准确的
Accurate 强调准确性，强调与事实无出入
Is your watch accurate ?
Exact 要求丝毫不差，精确
What is the exact mening of the word .
Precise 着重指范围的鲜明性或细节的精细，用来修饰人，意味谨慎。 He is a precise man. Precise interpretation(解释） of a low .
2 afraid 、awful 、frightful adj 可怕的，畏惧的
Afraid 不能用在名词之前，指心灵被恐惧的情绪所控制。
I am afraid of snakes. He is afraid to jump.
Awful 在正式英语中，指令人敬畏的，在普通英语中指“厌恶的；糟糕的”
Awful storm /an awful cold /an awful mistake
Frightful 由于丑恶、凶残、不幸、危险等令人感到恐惧、可怕。口语中指“糟糕的”。
We were delayed (延迟）owing to frightful tempest /frightful sight .
3 allow 、permit V 允许
Allow 指“不禁止”，但不一定给予许可，含消极意味。
That teacher allows too much noise in the room.
Smoking is not allowed here .
Permit 指乐意或给予同意的观点，含有积极的意味。
His parents permitted him to enlist(从军） when he was 17 .
Permit me to say a few words to you .
4 announce 、declare V 公开而正式的宣布
Announce 指对大众或特定的一群人，所关心事情经行宣布。
The president announced his cabinet（内阁）appointment(任命）。
The congress of the Communist Party Of China was announced to meet in the paper . Communist Party Of China 中国共产党
Declare 通常指官方的正式宣告，由当众宣布的意味。
The court(法庭）declared that he guilty(有罪的）.
The chairman declared the exhibition(展览会)open .
5 argue 、 debate 、dispute V 辩论
Argue 指为自己的主张而辩论，并反对他人的意见。
The students argued with each other about the best place for a holiday . Argue for the sight 为正义而辩护
Debate 之参加辩论的人分成两种意见，正式争论（讨论）一个问题。 They debate carefully before they decided.
The question of whether war can be abolished(废除，取消)has often been debated.
Dispute 指双方激烈的争论，有时带有争吵的意味。
Some husbands and wives are always disputing .
Dispute as to who is the greatest English pote .
6 article 、essay 、paper
Article 指报刊杂志上刊登的各种研究或论述文章或报道。
This article glance at our relation with Canada .
A leading article 社论 a feature article 特论
Essay 指除小说以外的任何结构严谨，内容主动而又短小精悍的文章，如“闪文、随笔、小品文、短论”
I had to write an essay on our school.
The professor wrote an essay on homer .
Paper 着重指学术性论文，特别时供在学术会议上宣读或者在学术杂志上发表的，也可以指“公文” “试卷”。
There are too many papers to correct(修改) .
Read a paper on the teaching of English.
7 ascend 、climb 、mount 攀登，上升
Ascend 正式用语，指一直上升，很容易上升的很高。
The smoke ascends to the sky .
Ascend a hill 登山 ascend to the highest rank(级别).
Climb 指费力气攀登或上升。
That call will never climb that hill.
Climb a ladder(梯子)/tree
Mount 常指脚踏实地的登上突出地面的某种东西的上面。
He mounted the platform 登上讲台 be well (poorly) mounted 骑着好马/劣马。
8 ask 、inquire 、question 寻问，疑问 V 寻问，打听
Ask 指一般的寻问
He asked about you I asked him if(wether)he could come.
Inquire 较正式的用语，指仔细寻问某事或者某事的正确消息。
He inquired about you ,wanted to know when you are leaving.
Inquire into the cause .调查原因。
Question 指正式的，有计划的寻问、审问或质问。
He was questioned by the police.
I question wether his plan will be successful.
9 ask、demand 、require 要求
Ask 普通用语，指达到某种愿望或满足某种需要而提出的某种要求。 Ask him to write down what he is going to say .
Ask a favour of a person .
Demand 积极用语，指理直气壮的提出强烈要求，往往含有不容对方拒绝的意思。
He demand an immediate answer of me.
Our party demands of us complete devotion to the great cause of communism.
Require 指根据事业需要或纪律提出的要求。
He required that the direction should be pointed out accurately .
I will do whatever is required of me.
10 bank、beach 、coast 、shore 海岸，海滨
Bank 岸，滨，堤，主要指河流之岸
There are trees all along the river banks .
Nanjing stands on the right bank of the Changjiang river .
Beach (海、江、湖) 主要指海滩，海岸，也指湖泊和大河的岸。
When the tide(潮汐)was out ,numerous pretty pebbles wore left on the beach.
Coast 海滨，指海岸与陆地相接的线，即海岸线。
A bathing beach 海浴场
Shore 常指海、河、湖的岸，也指近海一带，不一定是岸边。
The ship was driven on shore and went to pieces .
In shore 1000 miles off shore
11 bare 、naked 赤裸的，裸露的
Bare 指身体上某一部分没有遮盖东西。
He has his head bare . Bare facts 赤裸裸的事实
In one’s bare skin 赤身裸体
Naked 语气较强，指全身上下毫无遮盖的东西。
The child stood stark(僵硬的，完全的) naked in the water
A naked sword 白刃 the naked eye 肉眼
12 base、basis 、foundation n (物体的) 基础或基层
Base 基础底部，多指露出地面的，有形的、具体的基础，即支架。 The base of the column(支柱；柱状物；纵队) is quite firm(坚固的). The base of a building /at the base of a mountain .
Basis 根据，也指信念、意志的根据。
The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper.
The economic basis 经济基础 on the basis of the the five principles 五
项原则的根据。
Every basis has his own corresponding(相应的) superstructure(上层建筑).
Foundation 基础，根本。与basis 大致意义相同，但更具体，通常指建筑的“地基”，也可引申为“根据”。
First ,the builder poured(倾注，倒出) a solid foundation of cement(水泥). The story has no foundation.
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy (国民经济).
13 bond 、curve V 弯曲
Bond 指把某物弯曲成直角或曲线形。
He can bond a wire(金属丝) into a loop(圆、圈) .
Bend the knees 屈膝
Curve 指稍微弯曲。
The road curves to the west . A sharp curve in the road.
14 bind、tie 、fasten V 捆、绑、系
Bind →(过去)bound →bound 指缠绕在物体的周围。
He bound his wound with a bandage(绷带).
Bind him arms behind the back.
Tie 指用丝、绳等系住。
He tied the horse to a tree .
Tie a person down to a contract .
My bands are tired .束手无策。
Fasten 扣紧，扎牢
The rope is fastened to the post.
Fasten one’s eyes on a person. 瞪着某人
Fasten a picture on the wall. 把照片贴在墙上。
15 bit、fragment 、piece n 碎片
Bit 强调“微小，一点儿”
The glass broke into bits .
Fragment 碎片，强调不完整
Try to put the fragment of a broken vase together.
Piece 可大可小的碎片。
There is a piece of bread on the table .
Cut a thing in piece .
16 blend 、mix n 混合
Blend 两种或两种以上的东西混在一起。混合，混杂，指均匀的混在一起；或者一种物质一点点的溶解，混合中有各种物质。
Blend the flour into the melted butter.
Mix 指混成一团，形成一种混合物，使其各种成分分散均匀。
The teacher always mixes me up with another student.
17 blow 、stroke n 打击
Blow V 吹; 打击 指用拳头或者工具用力的突然地打击，强调打击时的力量猛烈和沉重。
He got a blow on the head .
His wifes death was a great blow to him .
Stroke 指用手或其他狭长的东西进行打击，而这一击是正确而剧烈的，如网球的一击，绘画的一笔，尤其用于比喻上。
His scar was made by a sword stroke across his face .
With a stroke of the pen .大笔一挥
18 hold 、brave 勇敢的 hold(反) → timid 胆小的，羞怯的 Hold 着重指“大胆”，也有“冒失”的含义。
I made hold to say . Very hold 好大胆子(贬义)
It was hold of him to make a speech in front of all those people. Brave 强调在危险面前无所畏惧的。 The brave 勇敢的人，勇士们 The young man was brave to go into the burning house .
Be brave in defence 勇于防御
19 break 、smash V 打碎，打破
Break 普通用语，指打破或折断任何东西。
I broke the handle off c cup .
He fell and broke his leg .
Smash 指完全破坏成碎片，且击碎时的行动是猛烈的，有响声的。 He smashed the headlights when he hit the wall .
Smash an enemy’s attack.粉碎敌人的进攻。
20 broad 、wide 广阔的，宽阔的→（反义）narrow 狭长的，狭窄的
Broad 指向两边延伸广度，着重指幅面广阔，形容肩、胸、背等。 The man was tall and broad.
The river is 30 feet broad .
Wide 着重指两边的或者点之间的距离，形容眼和嘴时只能用wide 。 Stare with wide eyes . The wide sea . Wide reading
The river is about ten feet wide .
21 building 、structure 建筑物
Building 普通用语，不强调建筑物的用处、大小、式样等。
From the hill we could see the buildings in the city.
House 、school 、sheds 、factories 、hotels and churches are all buildings .
Structure 着重指其构造的式样和用处。
The new library is a fireproof structure . Fireproof 防火的
The human body is a wonderful structure .
22 burden 、load 所负担的物品
Burden 担子、负担。指包括人在内的动物的负担，含有繁重、费力的意思，常作比喻句。
From the majority of the Chinese people tuition for collage is a burden .
The burden was too heavy for him .
Load 负荷，装载量。指人、畜、车辆、船或飞机之所载，有时也做比喻或技术用语。
A load of care 精神负担
Bear a heavy load on one’s shoulders
23 calculate 、count 计算
Calculate 指通过计算或运算以解决疑难的问题。
Astronomers can calculate when there will be eclipses of the sun and the moon.
His remark is calculated to be an attack on me . Calculated 蓄意的
Count 指一个一个的数，最后得出总数。
Count the number of people present .
Count on one’s fingers .
There were 50 people present ,not counting the children.
24 buy 、purchase 购买
Buy 普通用语，意义较广，着重指付出钱款，购买东西。
I want buy some books . Buy up 统统买下
The victory was dearly bought .
Purchase 正式用语，专指重要事务上的交易 (=buy for a price ) He has just purchase on estate(房产) at Hong Kong.
25 calm 、quiet 、silent 、still 平静的，寂静的
Calm 指天气，海洋等平静，也可以引申指人安宁，沉着，镇静。 The sea is calm now . He remained calm 他始终很镇静
Quiet 指声音很低，一片寂静，指人时表示“文静”。
It was quilt beautiful place ,full of flowers and fine trees .
Quiet colours 素色 quiet times
Live a quiet life
Silent 指不发出声音或不说话。
Keep silent，please ! Remain silent about it .
History is silent on the subject .
Still 指事物一动不动的静态。
This is a still lake still life 静物
Till waters run deep 流静水深，人静心深
26 carry 、convey 运送
Carry 普通用语，指把人或东西运送到某地，也指管道运输。
Please carry the basket to the house .
Carry a baby on one’s back.
Convey 多指输送不断移动的东西，如传送带输送大批的物品，或借助通道（媒介）传送，也指传达情感。
The workers are building pine lines to convey natural gas to anther section.
I can’t convey my feelings in words .
A bus conveyed the passengers from the city to the airport.
27 class 、grade 、degree 等级
Class 强调类别
He is doing first class.
There used to be first class,second class and third class ,carriages on the train in Britain .
Grade 强调等级的高低、优劣。
The rank of major is two grade hinger than that of captain .
Milk is sold in grades.
Degree 强调程度的高低。
Each is useful in its degree .
Their friendship by degrees into love.
He is insolent to high degree.
28 close、near 接近
Close(=very near )可指空间、时间、次序上的接近，也可以表示感情上
的接近。
The sun is close than the other stars ,so it looks bigger .
Close at hand 近在咫尺 close friend 亲密的朋友
We are quite close to the station .
Near 指位置上程度相差很远，或不久将要发生的事情，也可以指关系上或感情上接近。
The post-office is quite near . A near relation 近亲
Be near to death 临近死亡 near to near 极其亲密
29 company、corporation 、firm 公司
Company 词前经常有经济、人名或地名修饰。
My father was employed in Shanghai Electric Light company Limited . Limited=LTD 有限的
An insurance company 保险公司
He is connected with Smith and company .
Corporation 公司、团体。美国用语与company 同义。
The trading corporation branch office are in several cities.
It is not-for-profit corporation .这是一个非盈利的团体。
Firm 公司，商号。普通用语，着重指商号或合伙商店。
That is a firm of long standing .
Trading firm 贸易行
He entered the prosperous(繁荣的) firm.
30 complex 、complicated 复杂的
Complex 指由几个简单的部分合成的。
This os a complex sentence .这是一个复合句。
He had not particularly complex mind .
Complicated 指许多部分相互纠合，难懂难解的意思。
The sound system in English is very complicated .
This is the most complicated case I have ever handled .
31 continual 、constant 、continuous 经常的，不断的
Continual 不断的，连续的。指一段时间多次发生或时断时续的发生，连续中有间断。
Continual practice is necessary to become a champion.
Continual dropping wears away the stone .
Constant 经常的，不断的，坚贞，坚定。指始终如一的，不变的或持续的发生或反复发生。
He is constant to his friend .
Be constant in work .工作专一
Constant trouble .连续不断的麻烦
Constant complaints .连续不断的抱怨
Continuous 连续的，持续的。指连续发生，没有中断
Continual interruptions impede continuous work.
32 correct 、remedy 纠正错误
Correct 更正，改正。指改正缺点或错误。要求达到正确的标准。
A special teacher corrects his mispronunciation(错误发音). Correct a child for disobedience(不顺从).
Remedy 纠正，补救。指从多种改进方案中，选择最佳方案，也指局部改进。
The pills will do nothing to remedy your liver condition.
You can remedy bad eye-sight by wearing glasses .
33 couple、pair 一双，一对
Couple 指人或物，新婚夫妇多用couple ，结婚已久用pair 。
There are two married couples here .
A couple of twins .
Pair 也可用于人或物，是有机的结合起来的，缺一不可，往往其中之一受损，另一个则不能使用。
I want a new pairs of gloves(手套).
Not every couple is a pair =every couple is not a pair .
34 create、invent 创造发明新事物。
Create 发明。指由无到有，或从极粗糙的原料中制作出完美的产品。 There chemist worked for years to create a waterproof glue . Writers often create strange characters .
Invent 通过研究和实验发明的前所未有的新产品。
Edison invented the light bulb .
Who invented the steam engine . Steam engine 蒸汽机
35 cry 、scream 、shout 尖叫
Cry 指恐惧、悲哀而急切的呼叫。
She cried out in pain.
Cry to a person for help .
Scream 指因痛苦、恐惧或快乐而尖声叫喊。
He screamed with delight.
She screamed when saw the child fall.
Shout 指欢乐或唤起注意。
He shouted to me and warned me of the danger .
Shout with laughter .
You need not shout at me .
36 cry 、weep 哭泣；流泪
Cry 着重指失声痛哭。
She cried loudly in despair .
A baby can cry as soon as it is born .
Weep →wept 哭泣，流泪。指默默的哭泣，多用于书面语中。
She is always weeping over her lost youth.
She wept for misfortune(不幸).
37 danger、hazard 危险
Danger 指带来不快或伤害的任何情况。
A firman’s life is full of danger .
Is there any danger of fire?
Hazard 指偶然发生或无法控制的危险。
He saved the child at the hazard of his life .
Icy roads are a hazard to motorists.
38 dark 、dim 黑暗的，无光的
Dark 普通用语，指黑暗无光或光线极暗。
It was pitch(沥青) dark a dark room 暗室
He that touches pitch shall be defiled. 近墨者黑
Dark blue 深蓝 a dark complexion 肤色暗淡
Dim 黯淡，模糊。指光线不足，不能清楚的看东西。
The light is so dim that I can ’t distinguish(区分)one object from another .
The dim outline of a ship in the fog .
His eyes are dim with tears .
39 delay 、postpone 推迟，延期
Delay 含有暂时耽误的意思。
The ship was delayed two hours .
The accident delayed the train .
Postpone 一般指改期的意思。
Would it be possible to postpone the party .
The meeting has been postponed to next Tuesday .
40 deliver 、send 、transmit 将人或物由一个地方运往另一个地方。 Deliver 强调将物品发送出去的行为。
When will the letter be delivered . Deliver the goods
Deliver a massage 传话，捎信
Send 指将人或物由此地送往他地。
We ’ll send a delegation(代表团) to the UN .
A messenger was sent with the news .
Transmit 指间接地传送、遗传、移传(=pass on )
He transmitted the letter by hand .
Parents transmit some of their characteristics(性格)to their children .
41 destroy 、ruin 、wreck 用强力破坏或毁灭某物。
Destroy 破坏，毁坏。指用打碎、拆散、杀戮或其他方法使其毁灭或无用。
Some children destroy all their toys .
The enemy destroyed the town .
Ruin 废墟，遗迹。指彻底摧毁，程度比destroy 更进一步。
You will ruin your prospects .
Ruin one’s health .
Wreck 破坏，拆毁。指将某物捣成碎片或把整块化成废墟。
The vessel wrecked on the rocky coast .
The ship was wrecked on the rocky coast .
The ship was wrecked in a storm .
42 difference 、distinction 区别，差别
Difference 指两个物品之间毫无相似之处。
The difference between manual labour and mental and mental labour are diminisbing(缩小).
Distinction 指外表极其细微的差别。
There is a distinction between the two .
Distinction between right and wrong .
43 disappear、vanish 、fade 消失，不见
Disappear 失踪，不见了，强调不能看见。
The pen has disappeared appear and disappear 出没 The rumour had to disappear before facts .
Vanish 指突然消失
Vanish into nothing .化为乌有
Fade 指慢慢的消失或逝去。 a 花草枯萎，颜色褪去，声音的消失， The ship faded into the fog . 感情等淡薄。
The sound of the children cheering faded away in the distance .
44 district、region 地区、区域
District 指政府规定的行政区或显著特色的地方。
I am the police officer of this district.
A mountains district 山区
Region 一般指面积比较大的自然分解的区域，因自己的特点而与周围事物分离。
The polar regions present a striking contract to tropical clouds. The Arctic Regions 北极地带
Get into the region of art .
45 do 、perform 、execute 执行，进行
Do 普通用语，大量用于生活的各个方面。
What to be done ?
The car does 60 miles an hour.
Perform 执行，履行，完成，实行。正式用语，指在执行中克服了更多
的困难，处理的更复杂的事，需要的时间较长，结果显著。
The surgeon(外科医生)performed an operation .
He performed his duties perfectly .
Execute 执行，施行、指实行计划或建议或执行命令，或处死、处决。 The nurse executed the doctors orders .
Execute murderer /spy /prisoner 处决凶手/间谍/囚犯
46 draw、paint 画
Draw 指用“笔”画，各种不同颜料。
These picture are draw by children .
Draw a character in a novel .
Paint 指用“颜色”来画，如油画，水彩画。
He is painting in oils. Paint a portrait肖像
paint from nature写生
Paint in water colours paint a lily 画蛇添足
47 draw、drag 、pull 拉拽，拖拽
Draw 指“拉拽”的动作是从容的。
He draw a chair to the table .
Draw your chair nearer the store .
Drag 指拉拽的动作比较缓慢，指拖拽的东西比较笨重。
He dragged the piano across the room .
Drag one’s feet the performance dragged .
Pull 普通用语，指不管大小，总要有拉力。
Please pull the bell 请拉铃
Pull a person by the sleave 拉某人的衣袖。
48 drop 、fall 、descend 表示物体向下降落。
Drop 、fall 都是普通用语，都指急速向下坠落，在很多场合交替使用。 Drop 指偶然行为，表示失落、丢掉、漏掉、如果表示故意行为，则意为丢下、掉下、投下。
The fruit dropped(fell) down from the tree.
Drop a handkerchief /purse
Drop a bomb 丢炸弹
Drop a letter in the mailbox .
Descend 指沿斜线或斜坡下降。
The road descends to the river .
Descend the stairs descend from a hill
Rivers descend to the sea .百川归海
49 each、every 每一，每个
Each 只是指“每个”，以个别为主，可以作代词用。
Each of them has an English dictionary .
Each one of us has his duty .
Every 强调“全部，全体”，不能作代词用，相当于each and all Every one of them has an English dictionary .
He has read every book in the school .
50 earth、globe 、world 地球、球体、世界
Earth 地球、土地、泥土。指人居住的地球。
The earth always turns round the sun.
He fell to(the)earth .
Fill the hole with earth . The earth 地球
Globe 地球，球体。也指我们居住的地球，侧重指圆球形状，其他天体由于是圆的，也可以指globe 。
Globe 地球仪 globefish 河豚
The earth is not a true globe ,but is slightly larger near the equator. We use a globe in our geography lessons .
World 地球，世界。指地域、社会，也作世间、人世、社会解。 That was an event that shook the world .
We have friends all over the world . This world 今生今世
A man of the world .通晓事务的人
Have seen the world .见过世面
51 economical 、economic 经济的
Economical 强调“节约”的意思，有时翻译为“节俭”。
An efficient engine is economical of fuel.
Natural gas is the most economical source of heat .
Economic 只与政治并称的经济，也指经济上的，经济学的。
Changes in the economic basis requires a corresponding change in the superstructure (上层建筑).
We bought a small car for economic reason .
52 edge 、margin 边缘
Edge 普通用语，指“很窄的边缘”，如刀刃或沿边的一部分。
I went to the edge of the cliff(悬崖).
Be on the edge of death .
In the edge of evening .
Margin 指东西空白的边，较窄的边，也指池塘、湖泊的边。
Who has made these jotting(批注)on the margin of the page? Allow a margin of ten minutes .
53 efficient、effective 有效率的，高效率的
Efficient 用于人时，指能力很强；用语物时，指效率高。
Under his efficient guidance ,I have mastered the French Language .
The diesel(内燃机)engine(引擎)is highly efficient .
Effective 指得到所希望的正确的结果，或产生比较长期的效果，解决了问题。
The radio has become a very effective advertising medium . The law becomes effective at midnight .
54 employ 、use 使用
Employ 可以与use 相互替换使用，但文体正式。指闲散的董事发挥作用，以便充分利用。
She had employ her leisure in reading books that came in her way .
Different types of electric arc are employed for various purpose. Use 普通用语。几乎可用于任何场合，但着重于使用工具。
When I write ,I always use a pen .
Will you permit me to use your camera freely .
55 employ 、hire 雇佣
Employ 强调职业，时间较长。
He was employed in diplomatic services (外交部门).
The employed fire servants(佣人).
Hire 普通用语，多指领取工资的人，比较短期。Hirer 雇主
He hired a workman to repair the fence(栅栏).
He hires out as a house painter in the summer .
56 enough、adequate 、sufficient 足够的
Enough 普通用语。长指“希望的满足”，放在名词前后均可，就数量、分
量或程度方面来说，是针对物质方面的欲望。
Haven ’t I told you that one will be enough .
Animals never have enough food ,nor the miser sufficient money . Adequate 着重指符合一个客观要求，兼有适当的意思。
For the use of beginner ,this dictionary is adequate .
The supply is not adequate to the demand . 供不应求
Sufficient 正式用语，指对需要的满足，偏重于质量，指物质和精神上面的满足。
He is earning sufficient money to support a family of three.
I have acquired sufficient proficiency to read English poems .
57 essential 、necessary 必要的，必须的
Essential 着重指绝对必要，缺之不可，否则事物就无法存在。
Yet shipping in the essential lifeline for the nations economy(经济). Air exercise and food are essential to good health.
Necessary 指不是绝对需要。
Food is necessary for life .
No alterations (改变)should be made unless absolutely necessary .
58 event 、occurrence 事件
Event 指重大事件。尤其是历史事件。
The founding of the People’s Republic Of China is great event in
the history of mankind (人类).
What were the chief events of last year ?
In the event of her going to Shanghai ,her children will be put under my care.
Occurrence 指偶然发生的事，尤其指普通的事。
It is of daily occurrence .
Newspapers record the chief occurrences of the day .
59 evidence 、proof 证据，证明
Evidence 指要求对某物的调查提供可靠证据，以支持某一个论点，但并不能确切证明是对还是错。
You will be called upon in the court to give evidence .
Is there any evidence for his guilt?
Proof 作adj 使用，proof against fire /sound/water.防火/声/水 作n 使用，指确实的证据，不容置疑的证据。
The police have proofs of that man’s guilt .
60 excuse、pardon 、forgive 原谅，饶恕，宽恕
Excuse 语气较轻，宾语一般是“错误、疏忽或犯错的人”
Excuse me for being late =Excuse my being late .
Excuse me ,but may I leave the classroom for a moment .i
I will excuse you this time.
Pardon 原谅，赦免。指免于惩罚或追究的意思。
This mistake should be pardon .
Pardon me for intruding pardon a criminal (犯人)
Forgive 饶恕，宽恕，豁免。指从心里宽恕的意思。
You are forgive .
Forgive me for coming late.
61 expensive 、dear 、costly 昂贵的
Expensive 普通用语。指价钱贵，即比其货物本身的价值要高。 He has a very expensive pocketknife wich cost $100.
Pocketknife 小刀 pocketbook 笔记本
It is not to expensive as you might expect .
Dear(=too expensive )指很贵，代价过高，索高价的。
Watermelons are dear in summer .
That ’s a very dear shop .
Costly 指代价甚高，通常由于珍贵、奢华而代价甚高。
An emerald or gold is costly . Emerald 绿宝石
She has a costly fur coat .
62 faith 、belief 、信任，相信
Faith 信任、信心、信仰。指确有道理或证据使其相信，常表示一种完全的信任。
I don’t put much faith in your discoveries .
They were compelled(强迫) to abjure(公开放弃)their faith .
Belief 确信。普通用语，指可有可无的证据，指可以使某人思想上接受
和承认。
He died for his belief . It is beyond belief .
I haven’t much belief in his honesty .
63 fame 、reputation 名声，名誉
Fame 常指好名声，暗含有“长期的好名声”的意思，也可指坏名声。 The actor achieved his fame by virtue(美德) of his skill(技能). Justice and kindness are virtues .
Reputation 指人们心目中如何看待某人某事，而不是指实际情况如何，常指好名声。
Reputation is the impression which he has made upon other men ,it is their thought of him .
He has a reputation for idleness(懒惰).
Make an evil reputation for oneself .
64 farewell 、good-by(e) 再会，别了
Farewell 告别。用于亲友远离并且时间较长时，还常含有“永别，不易再见”的意味。
He bade(命令) him a last farewell . Bade →(原形)bid
It was a painful farewell. Hold a great farewell .
Good-by(e) 普通用语，常用于口语中。
I have still several good-byes to say before leaving .
Say good-bye to sb.
65 fear、fright 、horror 、terror 恐惧
Fear 恐惧，害怕，担忧。指因危险而引起的恐惧。
They felt no fears in the midst of battle.
The boy dare not enter for fear of the dog.
Fright 惊吓，惊悚。(=great feare 或great terror ) 指因突然的危险而引起的极端的恐惧。
He died of fright . Give him a fright .
Horror 恐怖(=a great dread or terror )指带有厌恶的恐怖。
She expressed her horror of cruelty(残酷) and war .
A good housewife has a horror of dirt .
Terror 指非常苦(=great fear)指令人不知所措的一种惊吓。
He was struck with terror .
Strike terror into a person .引起某人的恐惧。
It added to their terrors .
66 feeling 、emotion 感情，感觉
Feeling 指喜、怒、哀、乐等各种感情或冷、热、饥、痛等感觉。 Feelings(=the emotion) 贬义:反感，愤慨。褒义：同情，温情。 I never like to hurts people’s feelings .
Lose all feeling in the left leg .
I have a feeling that he is still alive .
Rouse(唤起，吓出） strong feeling on all sides .
Emotion 多指精神上的反应和较强的感情。Without emotion 无动于衷 He is a man of strong emotions .
Love 、hate 、joy 、fear and grief are emotions .
67 fit、appropriate 、suitable 适合的
Fit 普通用语。指适合某种目的、用途、条件、要求等。
The water is not fit ti drink .
It is not fit that he should say no .
Appropriate 适合。正式用语，指特别适合。
Each played his appropriate part .
A speech appropriate to the occasion(时机).
Suitable 指适合于某种环境需要、要求或目的，或适宜于本人身份、地位、年龄等。
Courteous(有礼貌的，殷勤的)manners are suitable to your status(地位，身份)as a waiter .
Suitable for both sexes.男女都适合的。
Words suitable to the occasion(场合).
Books suitable for children .
68 flat 、level 、even 平坦的
Flat 水平的。不是水平面的，而是垂直面上面的水平。
There is no flat ground .
It is brick house with flat roof .
He fell flat on his back .
Level 同程度的(在水平上) ，着重指没有倾斜的，也指两个相邻的表面完全一样高。
The roofs of those buildings are level with one anther .
The tree top is level with the roof .
These two boys were level in the examination .
Even adj 平坦的，平滑的。 Adv 甚至。
指均匀的表面或笔直的一条线，着重指个部分均匀整齐，也指动作有规律，有节奏。
The hem(边缘)of your skirt(裙子)is not even .
The snow is even with the window .
Break even 打成平手，得失相当
69 flower 、bloom 、blossom 花
Flower 指一般的花，也指开美丽的花的本身，包括草花、灌木或果树开的花。
The rose is the national flower of England.
The strawberries are in flower.
The Chinese strawberry.杨梅
Bloom 指不结果实的花，主要指供观赏植物的花。 N 健壮=strong The bloom of a cherry(樱桃) tree is unsurpassed(无法超越的)in
beauty.
The rose are in full bloom .
She is in the bloom of youth .
Blossom 指结果实的花，也指群花。
Apple blossoms /in blossoms /peach-trees are in full blossoms .
70 foolish、silly 、stupid 愚蠢的，笨的。
Foolish 用于人时，指愚蠢，缺乏常识。指行动时，指愚蠢的举动，问题考虑不同。
He is the foolish man to throw away such a chance .
How foolish of you ! Make a foolish figure .成为笑柄
Silly 普通用语。用于人时，常指极端明显的愚蠢、低能。用于语言、行为时，常指无聊、没意思。
I ’ll tired of his silly jokes .
The books title sounds silly but its really a serious study .
Stupid 用于人时，常指天生的迟钝，或由于某种外因以至失掉正常的反应和感觉。
How stupid of him not to understand such a simple truth.
As stupid as an owl.
71 forbid 、prohibit 禁止
Forbid 禁止 、不许；阻碍、妨碍。普通用语，常指禁止某种动作行为，还禁止外出等，比prohibit 通俗，后面接复合宾语。
The teacher forbade us to leave our seat .
Parking forbidden .
The rain forbids us to go out .
Prohibit 禁止，相当于forbid ；阻止。正式用语，指制定正式规章，以法律或官方行动予以禁止，后接宾语+from doing sth
Smoking is prohibited in theatre(剧院).
Prohibit pupils from drinking(喝酒).
Be prohibited by low .