2015"'外研社杯'全国英语写作大赛"决赛样题及评分细则

2015“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”决赛样题及评分细则类型一

记叙文写作（Narrative

Writing）

600－800词）。侧重考查选手的阅读理解、语言运

比赛内容：选手完成一篇记叙文写作（评分标准：

用、细节描写、形象思维、创意构思、人文素养等综合能力。

Narrative

ThemeisstrongSetting,

Content/Ide

as(40%)

Endingn.

Flowofaction

Organization/Developm

ent(30%)

WritingSpelling

usesappropriateisaccurate;

isinventive,

appropriate,

anddeliberate

forillustrati

andvaried

rhetorical

devices.

Writing

reflects

aunique,

consistent

personal

voice;

islogical

anddeliberate;

details

areprovided;

isfitting

andeffective,

andprovides

asenseofcompletio

Writing

usesmultiple

subplots

(ifappropriate);

Writing

andwell-defined;

andplotarefullyfleshed

outandconnected;

characters,

Vividandimaginativedescriptive

WordchoicengthetopicandpresentingSentence

Language(3

0%)

character(s);

isvaried

andcomplex,

andserves

thepurpo

structure

seofwriting;Dialogue.

(whenpresent)

isbelievable,

appropriate,

andeffective

比赛样题：

Sample

Readthestorystarters.

ThelittlemancameuptomeasIwasabouttoenterthetelephoneskedmewhethereelse.”

Ihadamatch.

soIhaven’ｔany.Youhadbetterasksomeon

“I’ｍsorry,”Isaid.“Ｉdon’ｔsmoke,

box,anda

andcontinue

task1

thestoryin600-800

word

thestory.Complete

Argumentative

Content/Ideas(40%)Organization/Development

(30%)

Writing

Writingeffectivelyaddressesthetopicandthetask;Writingpresentsaninsightfulpositionontheissue;

Thepositionisstronglyandsubstantiallysupportedorargued.Writingrhetoricaldevices

(e.g.exemplifications,

classification,

analysis,

comp

arison/contrast,etc.)tosupportthethesisortoillustrateideas;Writingdisplayscoherence,progression,consistencyandunity;Textualelementsarewell-connectedthroughexplicitlogicaland/orlinguistictransitions.ratherdisappointed,hesitated,andthenturnedaway.Iwatchedhi

walk

slowly

directory

tolookupthenumber

togetthrough,

downImeanthewa

w

upthetelephoneiswell-organized

andwell-developed,

usingappropriate

Helookedmthestreetttodial.

beforeIpicked

Iamnotusedtoapublicrningpipshadstoppedantedtogiveamessage

Swearingace

man,whowaslookingdsly.

“Excusemytroublingay?Imustconfide

seeslightly

before

callboxso,atmyfirstattemptIrealized

Ihadtoinsert

acoin.

WhenIwasatlastabletospeak,

under

Iwastoldthattheperson

goneout.

Iemerged

whomIurgently

tohadjustthatminute

mybreath,withaspathetic

he

aduelling

fromtheboxandcamefacetofthe

little

hishatagain,

Icoulquite

Hespokenervou

wasonecheek.

asastraydog.Asheraised

scar,crossed

bald.Athinline,resembling

youagain,”hesaid.“MayIwalkalongwithyoualittlew

Ineedhelpdesperately.Sample

task2

andthesequence.

You

”

insomeone.

Lookatthepictures,rstory

andwriteastorythatfitsthepictures

shouldbe600-800words.

类型二议论文写作（ArgumentativeWriting）

800词左右）。侧重考查选手的文献阅读理解、信息

比赛内容：选手完成一篇议论文写作（深度等综合素质。

综合处理、判断分析、逻辑思辨、评价论述等能力，展示选手的知识广度、视野维度、思想

Language(30%)

Spellingisaccurate;

WritingdisplaysconsistentfacilityWritingdemonstratesappropriateeffectiveuseofvocabulary.

inuseoflanguage;register,syntactic

variety,and

比赛样题：

Sample

Writeapassagewhich

youagreeordisagreeu

developingeportopinionyourposition.

Newsweek,long

foraspotonconsumers’coffee12,

inanewdigitalekthistablet

edition

willtarget

tolearnaboutworld

buttabletedition

known

tables,hasshutdownitsprint

itasNewsweekeditor,

a“newhighly

mobile,

opinion-leading

”

audience

eventsinasophisticated

context.

Global.

edition

task1

below.Youshoulddiscuss

yourreasons

consider

theextent

toyoIn

waysinwhichther

s

howthese

considerations

shape

’

inresponsetothereport

withthereportandexplaintake.

fortheposition

andsupportingyourposition,youshould

mightormightnotholdtrueandexplain

Youshouldwriteabout800words.

weekly

publication

thevenerablethatwillberememberedforitsdecades-efforts

attheendof20

on

theNewswe

said,whowant

livesAsTinaBrown,

Themoveshouldent

ThenumbersersmillionMorethecompany

Newsweekher

willcontinueeath”digital

formats

notshock.Thepublicationhasfacedmajorfinancialproblemsinrecyears.

tellthetale:Newsweek’ｓcirculation

from

hasfalleninthenumberofsubscrib

3

to1.5millioninthelastdecade;annuallosseswerethoughttobe$40million.

broadly,

facesamoreexistential

inthedigital

problemworld.

inthata“weeklynews”magazine

thechallenge

inthedigital

hasbtime;otoutlets

ecomeananachronism

isnottheonlyonethathastotackle

tochangetheirbusinessmodels

of

foradigitalfuture.Withthe“imminentd

print,

comeoutasaninevitabledevelopmentthatcouldturntheindustry’ｓfo

rtunearound.

Sample

Readthefollowingontheissue.youropinion.

Tablets

task2

views,

andwrite

apassage

for

in

twoparagraphs

clearly

system

withcontradictingstate

youropinion

Youshouldandexplainthereasons

Youshouldwriteabout800words.

aretheideal

oforganization

inschools.

Theyareconvenient,

whichmuchinformationisstoredinsmallsizesandkepttogetherinoneplace,and

cheap,asdigitalcontinuesreliable.comesoon.

informationthe

isnowbecoming

world,

digital

moreaffordabledevicesprint

will

thanprint.become

Asevolutionand

more

torockSomeday,

modernmore

theywillentirelyreplacebooks,andhopefully,thatdaywill

Manymayarguethattabletseveryoneconductedstudentswrite

notes.

shares

thispreference

Industrytraditionalsome

may

aremuchmoreconvenientoftables

orfinds

thanpaperbooks.Butnot

themconvenient.itwasfoundtheycanhighlight

that

Infact,inastudy75%ofcollege

andthanthat

intablets

byBookpreferred

Also,

StudyGroup(BISG),

inwhichthat

textbookssuggest

thekeywords

itischeaperschoolsaround

That

toinvest

textbooks.thecostwas

Infact,ina2008studyoftextbooks

$988

andsupplies

ofpublictotaled

inKentucky$44million.isroughly

would

itwasestimatedThecostthecost

they

perschoolofonlyshould

twosum.not

aroundfortextbookstablets

andsupplies.

tablets

tablets.Toprovidetoallthestudents

thatwhile

inaschoolbeanenormous

Therefore,replace

wemayconcludehavetheirpurposes,

theprintedbooksusedinschools.

Writing)

600词左右）。侧重考查选手解说食物、

阐明事理的能力，

类型三

说明文写作（Expository

比赛内容：选手完成一篇说明文写作（

以及运用知识、观察理解、梳理分析、提炼总结、跨文化沟通的综合能力。评分标准：

Expository

Content/Ideas

(40%)

・Writing・Writing・Writing・Writing

effectivelypresentsmaintains

Writing

thetopicandthetask;

addresses

aclearthesis;aformal

styleandanobjectiveandwell-developed,

illustration,

tone.using

appropriate

analysis,etc.)

to

iswell-organized

patterns

developmentprocess

Organization/Dev

elopment(30%)

support・Writing・Textualand/or

(e.g.,definition,casual

analysis,thethesisdisplayselements

classification,ortoillustratecoherence.

comparison/contrast,ideas;

consistencythrough

Progression,andunity;

logical

arewell-connectedexplicit

linguistictransitions.

・Spelling

Language(30%)

・Writing・Writingeffective

isaccurate;displays

consistent

facility

inuseoflanguage;register,

syntactic

variety,

and

demonstrates

appropriate

useofvocabulary.

比赛样题：

Sample

Writefactors

apassageonwork

based

onthechart

Task1which

shows

theinfluencessummarize

ofvariousthefeatures

below,

performanceintwoagegroups.Youshould

ofthetwogroupsandmakecomparisons.Youshouldwriteabout600words.

Sample

Task2Write

apassage

tointroduce

theChinese

Moon

Festival

toforeigners.

writeabout600words.

Youshould

2015“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题

一、2015年“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节：PartⅠReadandKnow（读以明己）PartⅡReadandReason（读以察世）PartⅢReadandQuestion（读以启思）PartⅣReadandCreate（读以言志）二、比赛样题仅为三、大赛的模拟赛、同阶段比赛有所变化。

四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。

五、“PartⅠReadandKnow（读以明己）”部分不计成绩，根据参赛选手打听情况给予个性化反馈。

六、“PartⅣ

ReadandCreate（读以言志）”部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读书单。

2015年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，

但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不

PartIReadandKnow

Inthispart,youwillreadsomequestionsfastasyoucanandchoose

theanswer

aboutyourabilitiesorpersonalities.

yourself.

Readas

thatyouthinkbestdescribes

AreYouCharismatic?

Charisma

isthemagnetic

orprovidewhat

poweryouwithwant

thatattractswonderfultomakeabout

it

peopleoriginalbig

toyou.Itwon’ｔaffectideas,

If

butitremainspeople

who

thequalityoneofthedon’ｔeven

have

ofyourworkmost

vital

understand

talentsifyouinlife.

you’retalkingbelievethatyouareagenius,youwill

madeit.Thefollowingtestwilldecidewhetheryou’vegotwhatittakes.

1)DopeopleA.B.C.

findthemselvesattractedtoyou?

Yes,itcanbeembarrassingsometimes.

No,nomorethanotherpeople.Isuppose

theydoabit.

2)DoyoufindthatpeopleA.B.C.

No,never.Notthatoften.Allthetime.

agreewithyouregardlessofthequalityofyourarguments?

3)WouldyoufinditeasytoattractA.B.C.

No,notatall.Notveryeasy.

Yes,it’ｓreallynoproblem.

followers?

4)Doyoufindcasualdetail?

acquaintancesopenupandtellyoutheirlifestoriesinintimate

A.B.C....

Occasionally.Never.Happens

allthetime.Sometimes

Ijustcan’ｔgetaway.

PartIIReadandReason

Inthispart,carefullyinferences1.Among

youwillreadtextsanswer

the

ofdifferent

based

forms

andgenres.

Read

theinstructionsanalysis

and

andquestionsonyourcomprehension,

ofthetexts.thefourstatements

support

below,

onestatementIdentify

isthemainpoint,

andtheother

threearespecificsupport

withS.

bears

forthepoint.themainpointwithPandthespecific

___A.Hungry___B.Hiking

searchingdevelops

forfoodoftenthreatenquickly,

leaving

hikers

hikers.exposed

tostormsbecomes

andcold.slippery.

onthatmountaintrailcanbeverydangerous.

___C.Severeweather___D.Whenitrains,

thetrail,whichisverysteepatsomepoints,

2.Readlogically

thefollowingcartoon.Putaticksuggested

bythethreestatementsthataremost

basedontheinformationbythecartoon.

___A.Lucyhasjustcriticizedtheboy,Linus.

isvalid.

badly.constructive

criticism

___B.LinusfeelsLucy’ｓcriticism___C.Lucyfeelsveryguilty___D.Lucybutreject

doesn’ｔseem

thatLinushastakenhercriticismtorealize

thatpeople

mayaccept

destructivecriticism.believesbelieves

weshould

nevercriticize

others

others.

inaconstructive

way.

___E.Thecartoonist___F.Thecartoonist

it’ｓbesttocriticize

3.Readanextractquestion

ofanadvertisement.

tothetext.

Choosetheanswerwhichyouthinkfitseach

bestaccording

YoungEnvironmentalJournalistCompetition

HowtoEnter:

☆Ifyou’reaged16-25,we’relookinganenvironmental2015.

☆Yourarticleoninformationreport☆

shouldfrom

show

proof

ofinvestigativeandphone

would

are

research,

rather

thanrelying

solely

orconservation

fororiginal

articles

of1,000words

(orless)with

theme.

Theclosing

dateforentries

is30December,

theInternetinalocalshould

interviews.beasvalidpassionate

Youdon’ｔhavetogofar.Aasapieceand

about

theremotest

aboutcreative

onpollutionYour

article

streamshow

rainforest.

you

knowledgeablewhile

being

environmentalenoughcolumns.

issues.Itshouldalsobeobjectiveandaccurate,

toholdthereader’ｓinterest.

betoadvancebeabletoconvey

contained

Wearenotlookingunderstandingcomplex

for“thinkpieces”oropinion

ofenvironmental

interest

☆Youraimshouldissues.

Youshould

andawareness

ideasofreadersarticles

ofthisgeneral

magazineinanengagingandauthoritativemanner.

willbechecked.

☆Factsorinformation

inshort-listed

☆Readtherulescarefully.

1)BeforeenteringA.conductedB.gained

forthecompetition,

research

youngpeoplemusthave_______.

somerelevantintheirlocalarearesearch

bythemselvesunder

research

aqualification

anumber

inexperimentalofspecialists

C.uncoveredD.consulted

someoftheevidenceintheresearchonthesubject

2)Thearticlessubmittedmust_______.

concepts

A.focusonstraightforwardB.include

arangeofviews

C.beaccessibleD.reveal

tonon-specialist

thewriter’ｓstandpoint

4.Readfollows.

thepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthat

(1)JohnnyAppleseed,oneofthegentlestandmostbelovedofAmericanfolkheroes,

wasbornin1774inLeominster,Massachusetts.(2)HisrealnamewasJohnChapman.(4)First,hisfatherandbabybrotherimproved

when

lefthometofightindiedbeforehisfather

John’ｓreturned

(3)Chapman’ｓearlylifewasfullofmisfortune.theRevolutionarysecond

birthday.

War.(5)ThenJohn’ｓmother(6)However,

John’ｓfortunes

andremarried,andbythetimeJohnwasinhisteens,hehadtenbrothersandsisters.

(7)Asayoungplant

theapple

man,Johnseeds

begantravelingcarried

westwith

onfoot,stoppingtoclearlandandJohn’ｓ

healwayshim.(8)Settlerswhofollowed

pathweredelightedtofindyoungappleorchardsdottingthelandscape.

(9)Johnwasafriendlyentertainingthroughinstance,terms

them

with

Pennsylvania,Johnreally

fellowstories

whooftenstoppedtovisitwithfamiliesalonghisway,

him(12)For

of

ofhistravels.(10)Talesofhisexploitsfollowed

Ohio,andIndiana.didtravel

barefoot

(11)Manyofthestoriesthrough

thesnow,

lived

weretrue.

onthefriendliest

withIndian

were

tribes,andrefused

(14)

toshootSettlersanyanimal.said,

(13)OthertalesaboutJohn,

that

heslept

inthehowever,treetops

exaggerations.

tothebirds

forexample,

andtalkedorthathehadoncebeencarried

offbyagianteagle.

(15)JohnnyAppleseedneverstoppedtraveling

untilhisdeath

inFortWayne,

in1845.

1)Sentence

1isastatementof_______.

A.fact

B.opinion

C.

factandopinion

2)Thedetails

insentences

4and5supportthepointorpointsin_______.

A.sentence1B.sentence2C.sentence3D.

sentence

6

3)Therelationshipbetweensentences3and6isoneof_______.

A.contrastB.addition

C.causeandeffectD.

comparison

4)Wecanconclude

thatJohnny

Appleseed

_______.

A.provided

applesfornumeroussettlers

B.wasquicklyforgottenbythesettlersC.grewwealthy

byselling

hisappletrees

D.

lefthomebecauseofproblems

withhisfamily

5)Thepassage

suggeststhatJohnnyAppleseed_______.

A.grewwearyoftraveling

B.hadgreatrespect

forotherpeopleandanimals

C.livedaveryshort

butrichlife

D.

planted

manytreesother

thanappletrees

6)Thetoneofthepassage

is_______.

A.pessimisticB.

bitter

andimpassioned

Indiana,

C.D.

amusedandexcited

withatouchofadmiration

straightforward

7)WhichisthemostappropriateA.B.C.D.

ThePlantingFolkHeroesSettlers

ofAmericanofAmerica

Johnny

titleforthisselection?Apple

Orchards

RecallAppleseed

TheLifeandLegend

the

passage

ofJohnChapman

Then

choose

the

best

answer

toeach

question

that

5.Readfollows.

below.

(1)Televisionwhichcitizens

hastransformed

ofresponsetelevisioncandidates.

politicstopolitics.

intheUnited

political

(2)Bygiving

Statescitizens

bychangingindependentparty

thewayinaccess

toof

information’patterns

isdisseminated,byalteringcampaigns,andbychanging

thecandidates,themajortelevision

party

diminishedtheroleofthepolitical

politics

intheselectionofthecandidate,

(3)Bycenteringonthepersonrather

accelerated

has

thecitizensaltered

the

’focusoncharacterforms

ofpolitical

thanissues.

aswell.

(5)The

(4)Televisionmessagesspeech,which

communicationthanthey

onwhichapolitical

mostofusrelyarebrieferspeech

given

bytraveling

oncewere.andlasting

(6)Thestump11/2to2hours,

way

tothe

(7)

politicians

characterizednineteenth-century

andtheforspeeches

politicaldiscourse,hasgiveninfront

30-secondIncreasinglybutrathernews.

advertisementtheaudiencetheviewing

10-second“soundbite”inbroadcastnews.

isnotthatstandingofthepolitician

onthe

audiencewhowillhearandseeasnippetofthespeech

(8)Inthesediscourseestablishprobable

abbreviatedforms,much

lost.

ofwhatconstitutedthetraditionalaspeakercannotproposals

politicalcannotdetail

the

ofearlierageshasbeen

context

(9)In15or30seconds,

theissueexamine

inquestion,alternative

assert

thehistoricalcauses

thatshapedandcannot

oftheproblem,

toothers.

toargue

thatoneispreferable(10)Insnippets,politiciansbutdonotargue.

(11)Becausetelevision

style

isanintimatemedium,speaking

personal,

throughitrequiresa

changedpoliticalthatwasmorespeech.

conversational,

ontelevision

rather(14)

andvisualthanthat

our(13)

oftheold-stylepoliticalSchoolspolitics

worldteach

stump(12)Reliancemeansthan

thatincreasingly

words.

containsmemorable

wordsinformed

picturesandprint.citizenship

memorable

ustoanalyze

visual,

However,inaworldinwhich

isincreasinglyrequiresanewsetofskills.

(15)Recognizingevents,

thecalled

poweroftelevision

designed

’ｓpictures,

toattract

politiciansmedia

crafttelevisual,(16)Much

their

stagedpseudo-event,coverage.

ofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,

Sound

bites

innews

sound

like

andanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasingly

advertisements.

1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Citizensbecause

inthe

Unitedcoverage.

StatesStates

prefer

toseepoliticians

substantially

ontelevisionmore

instead

ofinsince

States

are

now

more

informed

about

political

issue

oftelevision

B.Citizensperson.

C.Politicstheintroduction

D.Politics

intheUnitedintheUnitedoftelevision.intheUnited

hasbecomecontroversial

Stateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytelevision.

2)Theword“disseminated”insentence1isclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.analyzedB.discussedC.spreadD.stored3)Itcanbeinferred

thatbefore

theintroduction

oftelevision,

political

parties

_______.

A.hadmoreinfluenceB.spent

overtheselectionofpoliticalcandidates

moremoneytopromote

moremembersmoremoney

theirpoliticalcandidates

C.attractedD.received

4)Theauthormentionsthe“stumpspeech”insentencebypoliticians

toattract

6asanexampleof_______.

A.aneventcreatedB.aninteractive

mediaattention

discussion

common

betweentwopoliticians

ofthenineteenthpolitical

events

century

C.akindofpoliticalD.astyleofspeech

presentationtypical

totelevised

5)Theword“that”insentence7refersto_______.

A.audienceB.broadcastC.politicianD.advertisement

news

6)Accordingpolitical

A.allowingB.placingC.makingD.providing

tothepassage,ascomparedofpolitical

withtelevisedspeeches,traditional

discoursewasmoresuccessfulat_______.candidates

context

newscoveragepoliticalpolitics

issues

withinahistorical

seemmoreintimate

information

tocitizens

behavior

detailedaboutacandidate’ｓprivate

tosuggest

_______.providing

thatpoliticians

without

A.makeclaimsB.takestronger

reasonsfortheclaims

positionsonissuesthaninthepast

C.enjoyexplainingD.dislike

having

theissuetobroadcasterstoexplain

theirownpositions

onissues

tocitizens

8)Thepurpose

A.politiciansB.politicianspoliticians

ofparagraphwho

are

4istosuggestconsidered

very

that_______.morepersonalattractive

whenmeeting

citizens

over

arefavored

bycitizens

willneedtolearntobecome

whoarelessattractive

tendtofavorapoliticianwillneedinformed

tolearn

whoanalyzed

theissueoveronewhodidnotvisual

political

images

inorder

to

C.citizensD.citizensbecome

better

howtoevaluate

9)Whichofthefollowing

A.PoliticalB.Politicianspast.

C.CitizensD.Political

statementsissupportedbythepassage?

thaninthepast.ofcitizens

thaninthe

presentations

today

todayaremorelikeadvertisements

familiar

with

theviews

tendtobemore

todayarelessinformedspeeches

todayfocus

aboutapoliticianmoreondetails

’ｓcharacterthaninthepast.thaninthepast.

aboutissues

PartIIIReadandQuestion

Inthispart,

youwillreadabout

toidentify

related

orcontradictory

views

onavariety

ofissues.

of

Youwillberequiredthewriter’ｓpositionandevaluatetheeffectiveness

thewriter’ｓarguments.Readthefollowing

twopassages

andanswer

Passage

While

thequestions.A

stir

when

itwas

published

in1859,

OntheoriginofSpecies

thought

wasalmost

IttookRonaldwork

ofGregor

createdcompletely

agreat

Darwiniancentury.genetic

outofvoguebytheturnofthetwentieth

which

combinedselection,wasgenetic

built

theandupon

Fisher’ｓ“GreatSynthesis”ofthe1920s,Mendel

with

Darwin’ｓideas

about

naturalwhich

TheodosiusDobzhansky’ｓ“ModernSynthesis”ofthe1930s,with

genetics

within

aspecies

byfocusing

Fisher’ｓworkcould

onhowvariation

causetheoriginofanewspecies,tobegintorehabilitateDarwin.

Yet,whatisremarkablethemechanismswhatthinking

made

ishowveryprescient

proved

so

Darwin,workingwithout

Ernst

knowledgeof

ofheredity,tobe.Asprominentremarkable

was

his

biologistemphasis

Mayrnotes,“population

popularpersonalconstantly

Darwinian

contrasts

theoryon

”．ThistoJean-Baptistecentury,

which

Lamarck’ｓtheoryposited

ofevolution,

changedagiraffe

throughoutactions

and

thenineteenthwill.

thatindividuals

by

Lamarckiantheoryisoftenexemplified

children.

Suchexplanationsboreastrongresemblancetochildren’ｓfables(andindeed

Rudyardtheories).basedwhole.

Kipling’ｓlate-nineteenth-centuryWhere

Darwin

differed

JustSoStorieswasbuiltuponLamarckian

thatsignificantinthebreeding

orgoals

variationpopulation

wasnot

asabut

butrather

washisinsistence

withinNatural

oneparticularselection

individual,

wasnotbasedcharacter

ontheactionsofoneindividual,

variationsintheaverageofthespecies.

Passage

AsPeter

Bowler

points

out

in

his

aptly

Bnamed

TheNon-Darwinian

Darwinism

Revolution:

differentbecause

Reinterpreting

from

ofhistirelessAsaresultvehiclegarneredlectures.

aHistorical

oftoday.

publicofhis

Myth,nineteenth-century

Thomas

Huxley,forDarwinian

wasquite

theDarwinism“Darwin’ｓBulldog”，socalledthought,

exemplifies

century

campaigningadvocacy,

thought.

thisdifference.Huxley

wasthe

bytheendofthenineteenthNoted

science

fictionselection

writer

forDarwinianH.G.Wells,forinstance,

throughfocusing

Huxley’ｓonthe

allofhisinformationYetHuxley’ｓtheory

aboutnaturalvaried

andevolution

significantlyfromthatofDarwin,

willofhumankind.

toEvolution

IntheprefaceinheritancesocietytoomuchAccordingself-directedevolved

under

andEthics,Huxleywrote

who

were

itmustbedestroyed

inwhich

that“Wecannot

ofthecosmicbedestroyedevolution

that

dowithoutprocess;from

ourthe”ofhas

fromtheforefathersthepuppets

mustphysical

whichrenouncesfromwithout.Stilllesscanwedowith

within.

ofit;thesocietytoHuxley,

moral

itdominates

past

humankindevolution.

hasmovedHuxley,

then,selection

totherealmhumankind

acknowledgesandmustremain

thepressurefrom

ofnaturalawareofthefactorinthepath

be

be“destroyedthatNatureadapted

without”，butheargues

itwillbe“destroyed

thatasocietythatcontinues

hasplacedfromwithin”becauseitwillnolonger

toitself.

1)Based______.

ontheinformationinthepassage,RudyardKiplingmostlikelywrotestories

A.dedicatedproper

behavior

toenlighteninghumansbyusinganimalsaspositiveexamplesof

B.basedonfuturistic

individualstoexhibit

worldswhichwerepopulatedvariation

throughthinking

byevolvedthepower

subjects

oftheirdesirespopulations

thelives

of

C.featuringD.seekingE.portrayingchildren

developingtheeffects

ofpopulationinbreeding

theeffectsofparentalinheritancethroughexamining

2)Whichofthefollowing

A.Focusing

bestrepresents

evolution

Huxley’ｓbeliefs?

manasnothing

more

thana“puppet”of

onphysicalleaves

evolution

change.Darwinwill,

infavorofmoral

B.TheideasofCharlesC.Byexertingvariation

which

personal

neededvariationhumankind

tobecarefullydelineatedthroughsignificant,

lectureslastingwho

sothathisideasaboutindividualcouldbefullyunderstood.willbeabletoenactthebodies

willbedemonstratedthroughofthechildrenofthose

seekchange.

D.Whileconditionsbynatural

humankindofitsevolution,selection.

elements

ofDarwin’ｓtheory

toaccept

aboutevolution

ofthetheory

hadtobediscardedasawhole.

sothat

isinescapably

linked

toitsphysical

tooattached

past

andthematerial

itmustbewaryofbeingtothepathdictated

E.Certainthepublic

wouldbewillingthethrust

3)Whichagree

ofthefollowingwouldaligned

theauthorsofPassageAandPassageBmostlylikely

tobemostcloselyintheirthinking?

A.LamarckB.Kipling

andHuxley.andWells.

C.MayrandBowler.D.Mendel

andHuxley.

andWells.

E.Dobzhansky

4)Whichofthefollowing

A.Darwinfocused

B.

The

differedmodern

beliefs

statementssignificantly

aboutDarwinfrom

otherof

issupportedtheorists

bybothpassages?

because

hefrom

ofevolutionvaries

onbreedingpopulationsasawhole.

Darwin

significantly

understanding

nineteenth-centuryabouthistheories.

century

thatDarwinism

asweknow

itbegan

C.Itwasnotuntiltheearlytwentiethtoemerge.

D.FictionDarwin.

E.Delineatingnatural

selection

thespecificproceeds.

inheritance

writers

were

particularly

interestedindisseminatingideasabout

ofthechildiscrucialtounderstandinghow

5)Whichofthefollowing

A.Thefirstpassageback

intime,

while

bestrepresentsbegins

thedifferencebetweenthetwopassages?

andmovesandmoves

withcurrentpassage

understandings

with

older

ofDarwinismunderstanding

thesecondbegins

forwardintime.

thefirstthe

passage

focuses

onthedifferencetraces

differences

betweenbetween

twotwo

theoriesindividual

of

B.Whileevolution,interpreters

secondparagraph

ofevolution.

passage

introduces

ageneralofthattheory,

theory,while

offers

specific

evidence,

and

C.Thefirstthenconsidersconsider

theramificationsthesecondpassagedoesnot

theramifications

passage

oftheevidenceisconcerned

with

itrepresents.demonstrating

away

inwhich

Darwin

is

D.Thefirst

differed

fromoneofhiscontemporaries.

provides

ahistoricalcenters

retrospectiveononeparticular

oftheprimaryinterpreter.

interpreters

E.ThefirstpassageofDarwin,

andthesecondpassage

6)Basedwould

ontheinformation

Huxley

inPassageB,which

to?

ofthefollowingclaimsinPassageA

Thomasbemostlikelytoobjecttotruly

understanddeveloped

A.Itisimpossiblemodern

genetic

theory.

naturalselectionwithoutthebenefitof

B.Itislikelythatthegiraffestretched

ittogainaccess

are

different

alongneckduetothefactthatitconstantly

tofood.ways

tounderstand

how

evolution

functions

tochange

C.Thereindividuals.

D.Variationsintheproper

E.Allowinghumankind.

intheaverage

ofman.selection

characterofapopulationarethemostcrucialfactor

evolutionnatural

todominateoursocietywillleadtothedestructionof

7)Whichofthefollowingofvariation?

situationsismostcloselyanalogoustotheLamarckianmode

A.AnadultbirdtriestochangeB.Seekingwoositsmate.

C.Agiraffetraditionally

’ｓbodily

in.

shape

tomorally

adapt

theenvironmentforthebenefitachimpanzee

ofitschildren.changes

thewayit

toitsenvironment,

changesbecauseitisunabletofitintothecavesit

sleeps

D.Becausewhileothers

ofachangeintheenvironment,anumberofchimpanzeesdieout

thriveandpassontheirgenes.

for

salmon

with

its

mouth

wide

open,

abear

gradually

E.Becausedevelops

ithunts

astrainingmechanismbetweenitsteeth.

PartIVReadandCreate

Inthispart,youwillberequiredgeneral

reading.

Youshould

write

towrite

ashort

essay

onagiventopic

based

onyour

withclarity,logicandcreativity.

topics.

inaction.

Givea

and

1.Writeanessayofabout

1)Hamletcharacterdelay.

200wordsononeofthefollowing

mood

ischaracterized

ofHamlet

byhismelancholicandlistthepossible

anddelay

analysisreasonsforhismelancholy

2)ATaleofTwoCitiescanberegardednovelstronglywell

asofguilt,

concernedshame

with

themes

What

asahistoricalnovel,amoralnovelanda

as

ofresurrection,isyour

redemptionandpatriotism,

andlove.understandingofthethemesofthe

novel?

2.Readtheessayofabout200words.

below.

Answer

oneofthefollowing

questions

bywriting

anessay

OfStudies

Studies

servefordelight,

andretiring;

one

by

forornament,forornament,

Forthe

one;

but

andforability.isindiscourse;expertgeneral

men

canTheir

chiefusefordelight,

isintheplots

and

isinprivatenessjudgmentjudge

andforability,execute,

and

the

anddispositionofbusiness.andperhaps

ofparticulars,

ofaffairsissloth;

counsels,

marshallinginstudieswholly

comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtime

tousethemtoomuchforornament

ofascholar.forth

directions

isaffection;

nature

tomakejudgmentandareperfected

bystudy,they

be

except

bytheirrulesisthehumor

fornaturalthemselves

abilitiesdogiveCrafty

Theyperfect

plants,toomuchstudies,

byexperience:andstudiesboundedwise

arelikenaturalthatneedpruningatlarge,

inbyexperience.mencontemn

nottheir

simplemenadmireisawisdom

them,andwithoutnorto

menusethem,fortheyteachownuse;butthat

themandabovethem,wonbyobservation.believeSome

andtakeforgranted;books

aretobetasted,

others

Readnottocontradictandconfuse;

nortofindtalkanddiscourse;

tobeswallowed,

buttoweighandconsider.

andsomefewtobechewed

others

toberead,

but

anddigested;notcuriously;Some

books

thatissomebooksandsome

aretobereadonlyinparts;

wholly,

andwith

made

fewtobeready

bydeputyimportant

diligenceandattention.

but

alsomaybereadbeonlyinthelessbooksmakes

andextractsarguments,

waters,aready

ofthembyothers;

sort

thatwouldelsedistilled

Reading

andthemeanerflashyman;

things.andwriting

memory;

ofbooks;

are,likecommondistilled

afullman;conference

little,

anexactman.

Andtherefore,little,

ifamanwritehehadneedhaveagreatwit;

andifhereaddeep;moral

little,

ifheconfer

hehadneedhaveapresent

toseem

toknowsubtle;

natural

hehadneedhavemuch

poets

witty;

the

logic

andrhetoric

ableto

cunningthathedothnot.Histories

philosophy

makemenwise;grave;

mathematicscontend.

Abeuntstudiainmores.Naythereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit,but

maybewroughtexercises.gentlewandering,awayneverdifferences,

outbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateshooting

forthelungs

andbreast;

Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;

riding

themathematics;

again.

walkingforthestomach;forthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’ｓwitbe

forindemonstrations,

ifhiswitbecalled

orfind

lethimstudysolittle,

hemustbeginIfhiswitbenotapttodistinguish

sectores.

lethimstudytheschoolmen;fortheyarecymini

toprove

Ifhebenotaptanother,

receipt.canwelearn

lethim

tobeatovermatters,andtocalluponething

Soeverydefect

andillustrate

studythelawyers’cases.1)Wearenowliving

ofthemindmayhaveaspecial

explosion”．Whatlessons”

intheageof“information

information

fromBacon’ｓ“OfStudies”toaccess2)Inwhatsensedoesreading

makeafullman?