博士英语写作
写作有20分的分量,很重的。这部分题目给考生提供了最大的发挥空间。根据我的经验,很多考生不怎么重视这部分。而在整个试卷中,其他类型的题目答案基本都固定了,偏巧只有这部分的具体内容和结构可以由考生来自主决定,这可是个大好事啊,不利用起来实在是可惜了。
我在考试时,最先下手的就是写作,最后做的才是选择填空。因为我能在22分钟内,写出一篇高质量的作文,字数一般都在250以上。节省了大量的时间放在阅读理解上,而最后做的选择填空题目,每个题目才0.5分,一分钟做4个都不成问题(即使是完全凭感觉),就是错了一半,对我也没多大影响,大量的时间花在阅读理解上,值!!!
前提是考试前一定要问监考的人员,是不是一定要按规定提前30分钟收答题卡。一般来说,是不会收的,我所经历的英语考试中,从来没有收过。
英语写作中,非常忌讳的是在各个段落中,所表达的意思没有一个主旨。换句话说,每个段落中的各个句子,一定要为一个确定的主旨服务;
同一个段落中,各个句的意思最好不要相互重叠,要说明一个意思,就一次说完,切不可有中断;
段落中,结构相同的句型最好只用一次,同一个词语也不可多用,要随时变化句型,词语多样化。
段落中,不同句子之间的相互衔接要自然,这涉及到写作前,你是否有一个明确的写作提纲,下边会讲这个问题的。
不同段落的侧重要清晰。
有不少人喜欢在考试前猜测题目,这个嘛,能猜到的可能性非常小。更多的人是担心出的题目我能不能有足够的素材去论述。没必要有这样的担心,写作的题目肯定是大家都有一定了解的,比如说中科院近几年的写作题目:以前的工作经历对寻找新工作有作用吗?为什么大陆到现在也诺贝尔奖获得者?科研道德,最近的题目是学生侮辱老师。
如何来写作?为了叙述方便,我在此把一篇高质量的作文分成三个阶段:
一是构造作文的轮廓;
二是在大的轮廓里填加支柱;
三是在支柱构成的空间内进行装饰,使得支柱更漂亮、生动。
如何来构造作文的轮廓?
我总结的有两种,一是三段结构,大约240词左右。第一段是总论,第二段是个人论点,
第三段是总结。另外一种,是针对能力比较强,对语言使用非常熟练的,四段结构,就是在第一种结构的二、三段之间,表述自己的看法。270词左右。一般情况下,推荐使用保守的第一种结构,比较稳妥,而且也很为大家熟悉。(我也只是在六级考试中,使用了四段结构,因为时间非常充分)。
如何在大的轮廓中填加支柱?
以三段结构为例,具体来说是:一扩展,二论述,三表述个人见解并总结。
一扩展:第一段,以扩展为主,就是对作文的题目进行具体化,联系到我们的社会实际中,
初步表明你对作文题目所涉及问题的态度(是赞同,还是否定,或者过度到下一段中,放在
第二段第一句来说明)使得它有80个词左右。提醒一下:很多作文,即使题目完全不一样,扩展的筐架,甚至一些常用句型可以一样。
二论述:在这段中,要明确的给定几个理由,分析第一段所提问题的原因。一般来说就是三点(firstly, secondly, thirdly),每一点要观点清楚,表述完整。随后对这点理由进行自己的分析,论证该理由的正确性或者必要性。需要注意的是,这三点的字数不能相差太大,基本都是30词以上,该段总起来大约110词左右。
三表述个人见解并总结:表述个人见解,实际就是对第一段所描述的问题给出解决办法(如果你觉得可以多写,就按四段结构),一般不分firstly, secondly, thirdly,采用两个句子说明就可以了,但这两个句子之间的衔接一定要做好。也可以对第一段所描述的问题进行评论,而不给出解决办法(如有可能,还可以放在第二段中,看考生个人理解了)。在总结中,一个诀窍就是,一定要采用积极向上的表达方式,不可悲观失望,这个总结非常能代表你对题目的总体态度,对阅卷老师也有一定的影响。切记:悲观的总结态度不可取。
下面以今年的作文题目(学生侮辱老师,你是怎么看待的)为例,大家看我是怎么来构造的: (记的不是很清楚了,大体这样吧)
开卷之初,老师不让看内容,没关系,我就看一眼,把作文题目搞清楚了。心里在盘算着怎么来扩展第一段,怎么来构造第二段的三个观点,再怎么来总结)。
开卷后,我也想好了怎么作文大纲,就在草纸上写下了提纲:
1,扩展题目(心里这么想的:随着中国经济的飞速发展,财富的增加,社会也开始变化了,学生在学校里不尊重老师,辱骂老师的情况开始增多,甚至在“天之骄子”的大学,这种情况也不少见。而在三十年前,这是不可想象的。不幸的是这种情况现在已露泛滥趋势,对我们国家的未来很有危害,因而成为广大社会个阶层关注的焦点,分析这个现象,并找到其中根源就显得非常必要了。
2,在我看来,之所以出现这种情况有如下原因
a, 经济发展,人们生活富裕,即使没有好的教育背景,也可以过个好生活,所以对学历不大看重,对有些学生来说,不尊重老师似乎对未来没多大影响(之后可以举例,或者进一步论述…)
b, 现在的学校,尤其是中学和大学,越来越忽视对学生道德品质的教育,采取的措施不够,不能在发现苗头后就立刻制止,结果造成现在情况…..
c, 我们的老师,是不是也要为此负上一定责任呢?(是的,学生还小,有的不大懂事,但作为老师,要时刻注意个人形象,当学生为自己的朋友,尊重学生,引导学生。经济飞速发展也让神圣的校园受到冲击,掌握一定知识的不少老师开始了社会兼职,只把少部分精力投入到教学中,引起学生不满…)
3,这种对社会具有很大负面影响的现象,我认为是暂时的(随着社会认识的深入,学校反省的力度加大…),因此我非常有理由相信不久的将来(这类不文明的情况会越来越少,并最终在学校,学生,老师,社会等各个方面的努力下得到完满解决,我满怀信心的期待这这一天能早日到来。)
括号中的内容存在于大脑之中,有了这个简短的提纲做提示,再加上自己平时练就的句型,就能一气呵成,顺利的写到250字左右。恩,这里又提到了平时练就的句型,不错,这就是平时积累的结果,我将在下边一一列出,大约有170多条吧。要写好作文,这些东西是最好用的武器。我经常在写作的时候,表达一个意思,有好几种方式可以利用,往往为到底用哪一个最好而发愁。
这些句型大家一定要应用的非常熟练;
有了这些句型,在写作过程中,能有效的避免语法错误和词汇选用错误;
在考试前一个月里,每天把这些句型快速的抄写一遍,写作的时候很有效果;
在考试前一个月内,最好每天写一篇作文,时间就在25分钟内完成250字(题目自定,也可以是模拟题或以往的真题),写完后,以批判的态度给自己的文章挑毛病,不求最好,只求更好;
假设有两个人参加同一个考试,他们的作文完全一样,那么他们得到的分数也一定一样吗???这可不一定,因为写出来的作文卷面不一样,给评分老师的感觉不同,分数相差3分左右很正常。
因此,我强烈建议大家:
1,在写作的时候,一定要注意卷面整洁,作文当中不要出现涂抹的痕迹,写单词的时候,词汇之间要有足够的间距,词汇书写清晰,标点符号使用规范,写的作文能让评分老师不费劲就能一看到底。呵呵,千万别忘记了,考试的时间一般都是气温比较冷,而我们这些考生习惯了用电脑,手写的少。如果能养成这个好习惯,写作得19分是完全有可能的。
2,一定要写到250字左右,这也是一个窍门。当你写的字数大约就200字多一点的时候,评分老师有可能认为你的字数不够,那你可就亏大了。如果你写到了250字,错判的情况无论如何不会出现,而且老师会觉得你的写作水平很高,得高分是理所当然。
3,翻译,也存在类似的情况。 考博网 kaoup.com
请注意,这些句型不是一成不边的,完全可以根据需要灵活处理
1. increase one’s chance of doing ……
2. couldn’t choose but do…..; Have no choice but do ……
3. according to …..
4. what’s more important is that …….
5. cherish a deep love for ……..
6. it is too much of a good thing that ……
7. run the risk of doing …….
8. due less to……than to ……
9. find it is difficult not to do ……..
10. still up in the air.
11. swallow the bitter medicine it has prescribed for himself.
12. an air man.
13. move at a snail’s pace
14. pull the throne out of one’s eyes.
15. too impatient to wait to show his true color.
16. sharpen the(one’s)competitive edge by doing ……
17. spare no efforts to do ……
18. frankly speaking ……
19. somebody have(has) the last say on something.
20. swallow a bitter pill.
21. if……, …….will not be the last.
22. seeing is believing.
23. original—flavored.
24. learn from each other’s strong points to offset one’s own weaknesses in cooperation.
25. new initiatives unprecedented in the history of ……
26. to do……make no difference other than to do……
27. ……be hailed as……
28. something should be carefully treasured.
29. draw a blueprint for……
30. in the shadow of……
31. it is no exaggeration to say that……
32. in response to ……
33. we will not hesitate to do……at any price.
34. should not only …… but should also ……
35. a racketing increase.
36. open one’s arm to embrace ……
37. date back.
38. go from bad to worse.
39. make joint efforts.
40. keep rubbing salt to ……
41. …… turn out to be the toughest nut to crack.
42. specific to ……
43. give a shot in the arm to ……
44. eat one’s own bitter pill.
45. unremitting efforts.
46. increase(reduce) by …… to ……
47. the issue at the core of …… is that ……
48. an earth—shaking change.
49. something, which ……, is regarded as secondary at best.
50. the rapid strides somebody has made in doing ……, may have…
51. as the new millennium draws near, ……
52. it will grow with each passing day.
53. keep a close eye on ……
54. in the ear of knowledge—based economy.考博网 kaoup.com
55. reform and opening policies.
56. fall victims to.
57. put a brake on something.
58. it make no difference other than to do ……
59. be serious about doing ……
60. …… is an unparalleled wonder.
61. ……, without a doubt, ……
62. ……. has mirrored the phenomenon that ……
63. close relations with …..
64. massive and profound influence on ……
65. he attach much importance to …….
66. he urged branches to step up efforts in granting loans to ensure a healthy development.
67. foreseeable.
68. people from different walks of life.
69. overwhelming priority.
70. it is believed to have a positive impact on ……
71. start at the threshold of the new century.
72. production of this machine will mark a new milestone in our cooperation.
73. achievement only tell of the past.
74. it is my sincere hope that ……
75. we are moving in the 21st century.
76. he likened the blast to earthquake.
77. trans—century.
78. take unprecedented initiatives in doing ……
79. crystal clear.
80. in the ear of knowledge explosion.
81. we will have increasingly colorful and beautiful prospect.
82. in the name of .
83. something is in the basic interest of ……
84. spiritual world.
85. a variety of trees. Various trees.
86. blue skies, cleaning water and beautiful surroundings.
87. regard more as …… than as ……
88. I suggest the following action.
89. to conclude ,as any tool the internet in itself is neutral, it can be used for good and bad purposes.
90. it is up to sb to do sth.
91. step—by—step approach.
92. this thing make a new phrase in our life.
93. the market, backed by the Chinese government, will achieve development.
94. our investment in Chinese echoes the company’s strategy to adapt to the global changes.
95. put …… at a prominent place.
96. China is making every efforts to ensure steady and healthy development.
97. to secure a firm foothold in the next century.
98. Guanzhou is going all out to develop its industry.
99. it is an unstopped tide of history.
100. should strive hand in hand to do ……
101. …… is conductive to ……
102. make due contribution to.
103. long—cherished dreams of prosperity.
104. something means a lot more it appears.
105. outstanding achievements. Painstaking(persistent)efforts.
106. we have every reason to do ……
107. it is our unshakeable will to do ……
108. …… become more and more important as time goes by.
109. at this important historical moment.
110. lift themselves out of poverty and backwardness.
111. remove all obstacles and difficulties.
112. work out a blueprint for ……
113. ….. have far—reaching effects on ……
114. ….. is of epoch—making significance.
115. turn a new page in my life.
116. a clear—cut example.
117. put somebody to the edge of bankruptcy,
118. under the rule of law.
119. genetic engineering.
120. a healthy cycle of development.
121. the coming society will be a network civilization.
122. make better—informed decisions.
123. he couldn’t be called an artist in real sense.
124. accumulate rich knowledge about …… by doing ……
125. my horizons was broadened by the Beijing trip.
126. with ……,someone do have an edge over his competitor.
127. facing the sound conditions in China, the still throw stones at China like a blind man feeling a giant elephant.
128. the report does mind taking the trouble to do …… in a bid to do ……
129. the key point at issue is that ……
130. the u.s. government must immediately put an end to do ……
131. we also lag significantly behind coastal provinces.
132. regarded …… as nothing more than empty threats.
133. exert one’s utmost efforts to do ……
134. with the sovereign integrity at stake, no cost will be too high.
135. make unremitting efforts in further developing ……
136. no matte how rationally principled and beautifully worded.
137. we should not be so hasty as to “kill the hen to get the eggs”.
138. pay a higher, or even more tragic price.
139. serve the interests of ……
140. we should cast our eyes on doing ……
141. this opportunity is one that should not be missed.
142. no time can be lost in doing ……
143. on the brink bankruptcy.
144. ….. will be a stimulus to further the city’s development.
145. put much energy into ……
146. …… become well—known domestically and internationally.
147. have paved a smooth way for ……
148. ….. is the precondition and basis for ……
149. in its true sense.
150. it is by no means a simple slogan for us to say that we ……
151. play a constructive, positive role in doing ……
152. we are moving in the direction of ……
153. our long—cherished dreams of prosperity and dignity are increasingly tangible in real life.
154. it is unthinkable that ……
155. so long as they do not cease to develop this lethal weapon, the world peace is virtually unattainable.
156. technology innovation is a must if we want to be success in the market. 157. it will become another turning point in our career.
158. it is by no means a wise choice to do ……
159. we are faced with both opportunities and challenges as we are present with WTO membership.
160. under current condition, I am facing the golden chance of further my study. 161. bring something into full use.
162. strengthen myself in an effort to make great achievement.
163. he make a expensive mistake because of his heedlessness.
164. however, other people think otherwise.
165. how to finance one’s college education has become a matter of concern for many.
166. proved to be quite beneficial.
167. add color to one’s campus life.
168. very picky about their food.
169. such an ambition will lead to nothing but a waste of time. 170. in this fast changing world.
171. be afraid of losing face.