2016高考英语---非谓语动词
非谓语动词
一个英语句子首先必须有谓语动词,然后非谓语动词才有存在的意义。
谓语动词:① ② ③
①__________________ ②____________________
③___________________
※非谓语动词互相区别的基本特征及其形式
⒈不定式的一般形式 to do表示:☆____________________
否定形式_____________________
主动形式_____________________
其它形式 被动形式_____________________
进行形式_____________________
完成形式_____________________
⒉v-ing 一般形式doing 表示:☆________________________
否定形式
其它形式 被动形式
主动_______________
完成形式 被动_________________
⒊过去分词 一般形式(not) done表示:☆________________________
Ⅰ. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况
1. 感官动词feel, hear,listen to, notice, see,watch,observe 等之后
done 被„.
hear/feel...sb/sth+ doing 正在干(主动)
干„ (主动)
某人被听见/感觉到/
发现/觉得某人/ 发现/觉得某人/Fill in the blanks:
1). Listen!I hear someone _________me.
2). I hear my name ________. (call)
3). I often hear people______the story. (tell)
4). People are often heard ______ the story.
5). I often hear the story_______.
2. 使役动词get, have, make, keep(使... 保持.. ), leave(使/留下... )等后的宾语补足语
①*get sth done=have sth done 使某事被做完;请人做某事;遭遇某种不幸
*get sb to do 让某人做
*get sb/sth doing 使某人/某物(开始) 起来
eg. What he said got us thinking .
Can you get the clock going again?
② *leave/keep sb/sth done 使某人/某物被.. .
*leave/keep sb/sth doing 让某人做
*leave/keep sb/sth adj . 使某人/某物处于某种状态(情况)
③ make sb/sth done 使某人/某物被...
let/make sb do 让某人做
*be made to do 被迫做
④ *have/get sth done 使某事被做 (表示请人做或遭遇某种不幸)
* have sb do 让某人做
* have sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直做...
注: have 意为:“有” 时,其宾语后要用不定式做定语
I have a lot of work to do. I have nobody to turn to for help.
** I’m sorry I have you_________ (wait) for so long, but I still need to have my car_______ (repair).
3. “with +宾语+补足语”这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语或作定语。 done (被做完)
with +n/pron代词 + doing (表主动)
to do(要做.. )
* John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
* ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work ____________ (fill )my mind, I almost break down.
* I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
* The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes__________ (fix) on the wall.
*I live in the house with its door_________ (face) to the south.(这里with 结构作定语)
4. 表示“意欲; 命令”的动词如:
like, order, want,wish + sb/sth + (to be) done, “希望/要求某人或某事被做”
like, order, want,wish + sb/sth + to do “希望/要求某人或某事做”
I wish these letters _________ (type) as soon as possible.
He didn’t want such question___________ (discuss) at the meeting.
I wish you________ (come )back next Monday.
Ⅱ. 非谓语动词作状语
一 现在分词&过去分词作状语
分词作状语的特点:
①分词与句子之间常用逗号分开
②句子的主语与分词之间的关系决定分词的形式: 主动用-ing ;被动用-ed
③分词作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随,相当于状语从句 分词充当的5种状语
1. 时间状语(=时间状语从句)
*___________ (hear) the news, they were delighted.
=___________________________________________________
*_______ (see)from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
2. 原因状语(=原因状语从句)
* ___________(not know)how to get there ,I had to ask the way.
*____________(encourage) by the speech, Tom decided to work harder.
=___________________________________________________________
3. 条件状语(=条件状语从句)
* _____ (use) your head, you’ll find a good way.
* ______ (give)another chance, he will do better.
=____________________________________________________
4. 方式、伴随状语
*He was seated at the table___________ (read) newspapers.
*The man went into the room, ___________ (support) by his wife.
5. 让步状语(=让步状语从句)
*________(work)hard, he didn’t pass the exam.
*___________(laugh at) by many people, he continued his research.
=_____________________________________________________________
二. 不定式(not) to do可作:
①目的状语,意为“为了”
Doctors worked through the night to save the injured.
=To save the injured, doctors worked through the night. 为了拯救伤者, 医生彻夜工作。 ②结果状语(表示意料之外的结果) ,意为:结果却.... 放在句子后面
He hurried to the station ( , )only to find the train had gone.
他匆忙来到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
★对比:v-ing 作结果状语, 表示自然的, 意料之中的结果。
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他父母去世,留下他成了孤儿。
★★注①
be dressed in 穿着....
be based on 以.. 为基础,根据
be devoted to 献身于...
be satisfied with 对... 满意
be seated 坐着
be worried about.... 担心....
be stuck/caught/trapped in... 被困在...
..... 等被动形式的短语, 作定语、状语/补语时,直接把be 省略掉。
*The film ___on the book is well worth seeing.
A.basing B.being based C.to be based D.based
★★注②:-ed 形式的形容词多数用来修人,但有时会用于修饰某人的look 、
expression (表情)smile (微笑) ,eyesight (眼神),voice(声音) 表示此人的思想状态。 * the disappointed eyesight
* She gave a pleased smile 她露出高兴的微笑
* He had a pleased look on his face 他的脸上显出满意的表情
* The ______look in her face suggested that she hadn't known it before.
A. surprising B. Surprised
★★注③
分词的完成形式(having done & having been done)作状语时常用于以下3种语境: a. 强调分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前
b. 强调分词所表示的的动作持续了一段时间
c. 强调分词表示的动作产生的影响。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
Having worked for two hours, I feel tired.
Having lost his key, he can’t enter the room.
Ⅲ. 非谓语动词作定语
一. 分词(doing&done)作定语的特点:
①用于修饰限定句中的某个________
②__________与分词之间的关系决定分词的形式:主动用doing ;被动用done ③分词作定语相当于定语从句
二. 不定式(to do)作定语有2种情况:
①将要发生的动作
②多用于固定结构中,如:
a. 被修饰的词,其前有序数词first , second, last, only 等作定语
He is the first person to arrive at school.
b. We only have a small room to live in.
c. The way to solve the problem is easy.
* the way to do=the way of doing.. 做... 的方法
* the ability to do.... 做.... 的能力 * the right to do... 做.... 的权利
练一练:
1. Do you know the man ___________(speak ) at the meeting?
2. Do you know the man ___________( praise ) at the meeting yesterday?
3. There was an old temple __________( stand ) at the top of the hill.
4.There was an old man _____________( live ) in the village.
5.*The building _____ ( build) last year is our library.
*The building __________ ( build) now is our library.
*The building __________ ( build) next year is our library.
6.What ‘s the language_______________(speak )in Germany?
句子翻译
1. 听到这个消息,他们立即动身去北京。
2. 一旦出版publish ,这本词典将大受欢迎。
3. 因为不知道如何到那里,我只得问路。
4. 由于陷入沉思,我没有注意到外面发生了什么事情。
5. 他们又说又笑地走进大厅。
6. 被一位姑娘的搀扶着,老人上了公共汽车。
7. 中国生产的汽车普遍受到消费者的欢迎。 8. 她走出了屋子,后面跟着她的小女儿。
9. 坐在草地上的女孩是我妹妹。