初中语法专题---非谓语动词
非谓语动词
一、基本概念
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分
的动词形式叫
做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs
) 。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
三、用法详解
1
、动词不定式: (to )do
1)作主语:
1. To learn English well is important. 2. To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy.
3. Learning English is important.
5. It’s important to learn English.
2)作宾语:★
1. He wants to go home at once.
2. I began to play the piano when I was four.
3. I find/think it easy to read English every day.
在find, think 后接不定式作宾语时,常用it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾
语放在句末。
3)作宾语补足语:★
(1)不定式的to 不能省略。常考的动词有:
①My parents tell me to work hard at English.
②Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
③Mother told me not to come home late.
④I’d like you to meet my family.
(2)不定式的to 需省略。常考的动词有:四看三使两听一感觉
①I hear him sing every night.
②We saw her play the piano last night.
③It made me feel sad.
④Let him go, please.
注意:在感官动词后,也可用动词的ing 形式作宾语补足语,但含义略有不同.
(强调动作正在进行)
(动作经常发生,全过程)
四看三使两听一感觉:变被动,还原to 。 如:be made to do sth. 被要求做某事
(3)help 后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有to 无to 均可。
Could you please help me (to) do some housework?
Could you please help me (to) do some housework?
4)作状语:★
(1)表目的 To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day.
(2)表原因:
说明主语的某种心情、情感be sorry/happy/glad/pleased/worried… to do sth.
如:I am happy to have such a nice friend like you.
(3)表结果:
在―adj./adv. + enough + to do‖结构中::He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 在―too+
adj./adv. + to do‖结构中:They walked too slowly to catch the early bus.
5)“疑问词+不定式”:★ “非常
用法:
主语
) has not yet been decided.
We must know what to say at a meeting.(宾语)
The problem is where to find her .(表语)
6)作定语:
1. I have much work to do.
2. Do you have anything to say?
3. Would you like sth. to eat?
4. It’s a good place to have fun.
7)作表语:
1. My job is to teach English.
2. His hobby is to collect stamps.
【小试牛刀】
1. Granny often tells us____ water in our daily life.
A. save B saving C to save D saves
2. –Excuse me, could you tell me how____ to Beijing Zoo? 6+1”
+
—Well, you may take Bus No.22.
A get B gets C getting D to get
3. Let’s ____ for a walk, shall we?
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
4.Sarah always makes her son _____ his hands before eating.
A. wash B. washed C. washing D to wash
5. Everyone wants ______ the book as soon as possible.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
答案:CDCAD
【归纳总结】
to do
1. It’s time for sth/to do sth„ 该干„了。
2. It’s + adj/n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth
3. tell (ask) sb. to do (not to do) sth. 告诉(要求)某人(不)去做某事。
4. want/would like (sb.)to do (not to do) sth.想(让某人)做某事
5. sb. think/find/consider it + adj. +to do sth认为/发觉作某事…怎么样。
6. It's better/ best to do sth. 最好做某事
7. try one’s best to do 尽某人最大的努力做…
8. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
9. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做…
10. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
(to )do
11.You had/You’d better do (not do) sth. 最好(不)做某事
12.would rather do than do 宁愿做…而不愿做
13. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿作某事, 而不愿作某事
14. Will (would) you please do / not do sth.?你可以(不) „吗?
15. Why not do sth.?Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不„?你为何不„?
16. make/let/have sb.(not) do sth. 使,叫,让某人做/不做某事
2、动名词
⎧Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ⎪1)作主语:⎨Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
⎪Playing with fire(火) is dangerous. ⎩
2)作定语: reading room. running star, living room, eating habit, English-speaking country, Tree-planting Day
3)作表语:Her favorite is reading.
4)作宾语★:Before having breakfast, I had a shower.(介宾)
I like shopping.(动宾)
Thanks for inviting me.(介宾)
The music is well worth listening to more than one.(形容从宾语)
【归纳总结】
3、动词不定式和动名词作宾语对比
1)只能接其一:见不定式和动名词用法讲解作宾语部分
2)二者都可接,意思区别不大:like ,love ,hate ,prefer ,begin ,start ,continue
接to do表示具体某一次的动作 doing 表示经常习惯性的动作
3)二者都可接,含义差别较大:★
⎧to do sth.
停下来去做另一件事 (1)stop ⎨ doing sth. 停止做某事 ⎩
After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.
She stopped (talk) with me when she saw me.
’
s time for class. Please stop (talk). ⎧to do sth. 做完一件事后,继续做另一件事 (2)go on(继续)⎨⎩doing sth. 继续做同一件事
,he went on telling us that interesting story.
After writing his English composition he went on to work out his Math problems.
He didn’t have a rest and went on (work).
(cook).
⎧to do sth. 忘记/记着做某事 (3)forget /remember ⎨⎩doing sth. 忘记/记得做过某事
I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
I usually forgot (close) the door, but I remembered (close) it just now.
(4)regret
to do 遗憾的去做某事
doing 后悔做过某事
I regret being unable to help. 我感到抱歉,不能帮助你。
I regret to say that you have failed your exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你,你考试不及格。
I regret ________(tell )you that he can’t come. 很抱歉他不能来。
I regret _________(spend)so much money. 我很后悔花了这么多钱。
⎧to do sth. 尽力去做某事 (5)try ⎨doing sth. 试着做某事 ⎩
Why not try He always tries(finish )(6)mean to do 计划打算做某事 doing 意味着什么
,
4)其他
(1)advise ,allow ,permit ,forbid 后面接单宾语时用动名词;接复合宾语时,用动词不定式。
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.
The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.
She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.
She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.
(2)need, require, want作―需要‖解时,后接加动名词主动式时等于接不定式的被动式。
例如:The windows need cleaning. = The windows need to be cleaned.
【小试牛刀】
1. Tom likes cars. He enjoys_____model cars of all kinds.
A.collects B.collecting C.to collect D.collected
2.—Bob speaks Chinese quite well.—Yes, so he does. He practices______Chinese every day.
A. speaking B. speak C. speaks D. spoke
3.The boy is looking forward to_____a good time after the exam.
A. to haveB. hasC. having D. have
4. We have worked for three hours. Now let’s stop_______a rest.
A.had B.have C.to have D.having
5. Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forgot _______ my Chinese text book.
A. bringB. bringing C. and bring D. to bring
答案:BACCD
3、分词
fallen leaves 落叶(完成)
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子(进行)
a man calling himself Mr. Know —all 自称万事通先生的人(主动)
a man called Mr. Know —all 被称作万事通先生的人(被动)
1)现在分词的用法:
1. There are many people lying on the beach. (后置定语)
2. I saw a boy crying in the corner. (宾语补足语)
3. The sleeping girl is my daughter. (定语)
4. Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. (状语)
2)过去分词的用法:
1.This is a book written by Lu Xun.(定语)
2. I will have /get my hair cut. (宾语补足语)
3. The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.(状语)
1. —
Don’t forget _____ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. — Thanks. I won’t.
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought
2. Nick, would you mind ______ those old jeans? They look terrible.
A. not to wear B. not wear C. wearing not D. not wearing
3.The new treatments ______by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.
A. invent B. invents C. inventing
4.I spent a lot of time ______ English last weekend.
A. to practice speaking B. practicing to speak
D. invented
C. practicing speaking D. to practiceto speak
5.One of the difficulties we have English is how to remember new words and expressions.
A. to learn B. in learning C. learn D. learned
6.We can't work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ?
A. how to do B. what to do itC. how to do it D. what should to do
7. If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _________ it.
A. stop B. stopped C. stopping D. to stop
8. —I feel tired and sleepy. —Why not stop ______ for a while?
A. rest B. to rest C. resting D. rested
9.hat time do you expect her________?
A. arrive B. is arriving C. arriving D. to arrive
10.is math problem is too difficult. Can you show me________, George?
A. what to work out
C. how to work it out B. to work it out D. how to work out it
11.Teachers often tell us_____ in the river after school.
A. don't swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. to swim
12.Rivers shouldn’t be allowed _____ after drinking, or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to drove
13. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _______ true.
A. come B. came C. comes D. to come
14.Would you mindme how English words?
A. tell; to remember B. telling; remember C. telling; to remember D. to tell; remember
15. Please tell the students ________ too much noise in class.
A. to make B. to take C. not to take D. not to make
16.Mom!Would you mind me _____table tennis ?
A. play B. played C. to play D. playing
17. We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _____ volleyball.
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
18. Parents often ask us _____ water in our life.
A. save B. saving
C. to save D. saves
19. —What could I get my father for Father's Day?—___________getting him a tie?
A. Why not B. How about C. Why don't you
20.Remember ________ the book to the library when you finish _______ it.
A. to return; to read
C. to return; reading B. returning; reading C. returning; to read
21.Teachers always tell me computer games too much.
A. not to play B. to play C. not play D. plays
22.She used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night.
A. read, read B. read, reading C. reading, read D.reading, reading
23.When I was walking past the door, I noticed him_____ my homework. I really got_______.
A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed
24. How kind you are! You always do what you can_________ me.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
25.We can make a fire ______ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.
A. to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept
26. Tony wants _______a job as a language teacher in China.
A. to find B. finding C. find
27.. May I have a rest? I have already finished ______ the report.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. written
28. — _______ a volunteer is great.
— I think so. Some of us want_______volunteers for the London Olympics.
A. Being; being B. To be; being C. Being; to be D. To be; to be
29.I spend much more time playing basketball than I _______ for my lessons.
A. spend to prepare B. do preparing C. do to prepare D. spend prepare
30. If you see the cartoon film, it will make you ______.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
31. We should be more carefulmuch time on computer games.
A. not to spend B. to not spend C. not to cost D. not take to
32. our English teacher encourages us part in all kinds of after-class activities.
A. to take B. take
C. taking D. to taking
33. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground, so we all stoppedwhat was wrong with him.
A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see D. to run;seeing
34. —I often have hamburgers for lunch.
— You’d better. It’s bad for you ______ too much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
35. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home.
A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played
36. Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
37. What bad weather it was! We decided _______.
A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out
38. Mr Wang does what he can ________ us improve our English.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
39. —Why are you so excited?—Peter invited me____ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.
A. to go B. go C. going D. went
40. The book is well worth I plan ______one.
A. read, to buy B. reading, buying C. reading, to buy D. read; buying
41. When people want to relax themselves, they preferTV or listen to music rather
thannewspapers.
A. watching; read B. watching; to read C. to watch; read D. to watch; reading
42.Since you are tired, you’d better___and have a good rest.
A. stop to study B. stop study
43. It is very important for us ________ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned C. stop studying D. to stop studying
44. Boys and girls, attention, please. Now let me tell you ____ to the Bird Island.
A. how to get B. what to get C. whom to get D. where to get
45. It is our duty _________our hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it.
A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept
46. "For your coming vacation, why _________ corning to Guiyang?""Good idea!"
A. not consider B. don't consider C. to consider D. consider
47. Water Park is a good place __________ .
A.to have fun B.have fun C.having fun D.to have a fun
48. Kitty would rather ______ to the park than watch TV.
A. to go B. go C. going D. goes
49. Bruce often asks me ______ him to play the guitar.
A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches
50. Tom's mother is busy _____ breakfast for Tom.
A. cook B. to cook C. cooks D. cooking
51. My parents often ask me _________ too much time ______ computer games.
A. not to spend; playing B. not to spend; to play C. to not spend; play D. Not spend;playing
52. The assistant won’t let you ______ the cinema if you haven’t a ticket.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
53. Jane’s mother preferred __________ TV at home to __________ to the concert.
A. to watch; go B. watching; going C. watching; go D. to watch; going
54. ---What about________ a rest? ---OK. Let’s go out and have a walk.
A. to take B. takes C. taking D. take
55. — Do you know why he left so early?—_______for the English test, I guess.
A. To study B. Study C. Studied D. Studying
答案:1-5 BDDCB 6-10 CDBDC 11-15 CCACC16-20 DBCBC
21-25 ABACA26-30ABCCA31-35AABBB 36-40BBBAC
41-45CCCAA 46-50AABBD 51-55AABCA