唐情态动词练习题
情态动词用法
1. 弄清基本语法特点
情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。情态动词具有以下3个特点:
(1) 情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2) 情态动词虽有时态的变化,但却没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3) 变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词,而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句,直接在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法
(1) can表示具有某种能力或技能,意为“能,会”。如:
Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?
(2)can 的过去式为could,但它通常只表示过去一般性能力,不表示过去特定场合下的能力,遇此情况要用 was [were] able to。如:
I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法
can / could / may / might均可表示许可,只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可;could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气;在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may,不能用 could / might。如:
— Could (Can, May, Might) I use it? 我可以借用它吗?
— Yes, you can [may]. 可以。(不用 could / might)
must 表示必须作某事,其否定式mustn’t表示“不可以”。如:
We must not speak of it again. 我们再也不要谈这事了。
4. 弄清表推测的 can / may / could / might / should / must的用法
(1) 从所用句型来看:can用于否定句和疑问句,may用于肯定句和否定式,两者均可用于否定句,但是含义不同(cannot=不可能,may not=可能不);could, might 和 should 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;must 表示推测通常只用于肯定句。如:She can’t be in the office now. 她现在不可能在办公室。She may not be free tonight. 她今晚可能没空。
He may [might] come tonight. 他今晚可能会来。
(2) 从语气上看,can / may / could / might 的语气较不确定,尤其是might, could,其意很不肯定;should表示推测时,其语气比较肯定,它通常指非常可能的事,并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理;must 表示推测的语气最肯定。注意有时高考也会对这种语气上的差异命题,如下面这道高考题:
“When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _________ be ready by 12:00.”
A. can B. should C. might D. need
在四个选项中,首先可排除A和D,因为它们通常不用肯定句中;而B和C均可用于肯定句表示推测,但根据句意:顾客下午要照片,此时店主显然应用语气较肯定的should,而不宜用语气很不肯定的 might,否则顾客是不会满意的。
5. 弄清shall 与 will 的用法
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(1) shall 除用于第一人称表示单纯将来外,还可用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等。如:
You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到明天你可以得到答复。
He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
(2) will 可以表示习惯和倾向性,意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”如:
The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
(3) Shall I (we)…? 可用于征求意见等,Will you…?可用于表示请求或邀请等。如:Shall I turn on the light? 要不要把灯打开?Will you join us for dinner? 你可否和我们一道去吃晚饭?
6. 弄清must表示“偏偏”的用法
情态动词 must 有时可以表示固执、偏激或碰巧,通常可译为“偏偏”。如: After I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
7. need和dare的用法要点
need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词,用作实义动词时,后接动词要用不定式,有人称和数的变化,可用肯定句、否定句和疑问句;用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词要用动词原形。如: You need not pay—it is free. 你不必付钱,这是免费的We need to have lots of patience. 我们需要有很大的耐心。Who would dare to tell him? 谁会敢告诉他? He dared not go there at night. 晚上他不敢到那里去。
注:need 表示“需要”,其后可接动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。
8. 弄清“情态动词+完成式”的用法
(1) must + have done:用于肯定句,表示推测,意为“一定(已经)„„”。
(2) can + have done:用于否定句或疑问句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)„„”。
(3) could + have done:可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,表示推测、责备或遗憾等,意为“可能„„”“本来可以„„”“本来应该„„”等。
(4) should [ought to] + have done:可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,表示责备或遗憾等,意为“本来应该„„”。
(5) need + have done:用于否定句或疑问句,用于否定时意为“本来不必”,用于疑问句时意为“有必要„„吗”。
(6) may + have done:用于肯定句或否定句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)„„”。
(7) might + have done:用于肯定句或否定句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)„„(此时 might 可换为 may);另外还可以表示过去可能发生的事结果未发生,意为“本来会„„”(此时 might 不能换为 may)。
He can’t have left so soon. 他不可能走得这么早。
I should have thought of it. 我本应想到这一点的。
You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我或许得出了错误的结论。
9. 弄清“情态动词+进行式”的用法
这类结构主要用于对一个正在进行的动作进行推测、责备、描述等。如: He might be waiting for you. 他可能在等你
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You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你应当戴着你的太阳镜。
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话,要不就是疯了。
10. 弄清may [might] as well和may [might] well的用法
(1) may [might] as well可用来提出建议等,可译为“不妨”(用might时口气更委婉一些)。如:Catherine, you may as well come too. 凯瑟琳,你不妨也去。
If that’s the case, I may as well try. 如果情况如此,我不妨试一试。
(2) may [might] well可表示比较有把握的推测,意为“很可能”。如:
You might well be right. 你很可能是对的。
初中英语情态动词练习题
have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
解析:选B. “should have +过去分词” 表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”; keep one’s promise 意为“信守诺言”。
not find the exact time.
A. could; could B. might; could C. should; could D. should; would 解析:选A.“ could have+过去分词表示过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”。
A. may be B. had to C. would be D. should have been
解析:选D. “You should have been more careful”. 意为:你本来应该更细心的。
4.stadium just now. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn't 解析:选C. can’t be at home 意为:不可能在家。
5.---I can’t understand why our boss is late.
A. could miss B. may have missed C. can have missed D. might miss
解析:选B. “may have+过去分词”表示对过去动作的判断,意为:可能做了某事。 注意:can表示可能时,只能用于疑问句和反问句。
6. She didn't answer the phone, she ______ asleep.
A. may be B. must be C. should have been D. must have been
解析:选D. 表示:对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
7.The little girl’s eyes were red. She ______.
A. may cry B. must cry C. must be cried D. must have been crying
解析:选D. 意为:她刚才肯定一直在哭。对过去某事正发生的推测。
8.He______ his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed.
A. can’t be having B. needn’t be having C. mustn’t be havingD. shouldn't be having 解析:选A. 对现在正在发生的事情的否定推测。
9.I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It ________ .
A. may be stolen B. must be stolen
C. must have been stolen D. must have stolen
解析:选C. 对过去发生的事情 的肯定推测的被动式。
10. ______ Mr. Black_______go to work by ferry before the bridge was built?
A. Did; used to B. Use; to C. Did; use to D. Does; use to
解:选C. used to do的疑问式,可以是Used+主语+to do ?或Did +主语+use to do?
11. The hotel is only a stone’s throw away, you ______ take a bus.
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A. need not to B. not need to C. don't need D. need not
解析:选D. 说话人认为不必要乘车, need 为情态动词。
12. I am busy now, _______ my brother do it for you ?
A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. May
解析:选B. 在疑问句中shall 用于第三人称,也表示征求意见。
13. ---You needn’t do it right now, need you?
---Yes I am afraid I ______ .
A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t
解析:选C. Yes的意思是:不。意为:恐怕我必须现在就做。
14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _____ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
解析:选C. could/can have done 用于否定推测和疑问推测。
15. ---The room is so dirty._______ we clean it?
----Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
解析:选B. shall 用在疑问句中,常用于第一,三人称, 表示征求意见或请求指示。
16. If you have something important to do, you ______ waste any time.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. won’t
解析:选B. 根据句意用mustn’t
17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card______ here.
A. has to leave B. must leave C. has to be left D. must be left
解析:选C. have to 表示客观需要,must表示主观需要。学生证必须放在此是客观需要。
18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?”
“Yes, but _____ it”
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done
C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do
解析:选B. would rather 加完成时表示对完成了的或过去了的事情的态度。意为:当时是不情愿做的。
19. “ Don’t get near to it . It is too dangerous!”
“_______” .
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I don’t C. No, I can’t D. No, I won’t 解析:选D. A为错误的表达方式;B和C没有直接回答对方的问候。
20. He must be in the classroom, _______ he?
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D.can
解析:选C. 对表否定的must进行反意疑问时,要用句子的实义动词
21. He________ be in the garden. He must be in the room.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. will not D. may not
解析:选A. 否定推测用can’t不用mustn’t
1-5 A D A B B 6-10 C D B C A 11-13 C A A 11-16 D B C 17-20 C B C C 21-23 B A B
24-29 C C A D B
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