初一英语讲座oc
初一上册知识串讲
1 初一上册语法摘要
● 冠词——a ，an ，the
1. a 用于（辅音字母开头）的单数名词
2. an 用于（元音字母开头）的单数名词
3. 上文提到的下文再提到用“the”
● 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词复数的加法：
a. 一般情况加“s”
b. 以“s，x ，ch ，sh”结尾的+es
c. 以“辅音字母加y”结尾的改：“y”为“i”加“es”
d. 以“fe”结尾的改“fe”为“v”加“es”
e. 不规则（man ——men ；foot ——feet ；mouse ——mice ；
knife ——knives ）
2. 不可数名词用量词
例如：a bottle（s ） of
● 名词所有格
1. 单数的加‟s
2. 复数的加s‟
3. 两人共有的. s‟加在后一个上
4. 两人分别有的. 各加‟s（如Lucy‟s and Lily‟s bags.）
● 词组
family ——families ；
1. Look after/like/the same/at + 名词
2. help yourself/yourselves to
3. be 动词（am ，is ，are ） + from
● 情态动词——must/can + 动词原形
● 介词（in ，on ，at ）
1. 时间——
a. in morning/afternoon/evening
b. on Sunday/Monday/Tuesday
c. at + 点钟
2. 地点——
a. in a hospital/school
b. on a farm/the sofa
c. at school/home
● 代词（人称代词和物主代词）
1. 人称代词分为主格和宾格
动词/介词 + 宾格
3. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词 + 名词
注意：“I” 要放在后面！
例如：Kangkang and I are in the same class.（the same + 名词单数形式）
单元重点
Unit 1
知识点：
1. 介绍:this is+姓名 如：This is my friend,Jane.
2.how are you? Fine/I‟m fine./Iam ok.
Very well
Just so so
3.be from=come from 来自 如：Where are you from?=Where do you come from?
4.in+语言=用某种语言
5.Let sb do sth 让某人做某事
6. How old 年龄
What class 班级
What grade 年级
How 怎样
句型：
1. What is your name ? 你的名字是什么？
2. Where +be +主语 + from? 某人来自于哪里？（回答：主语+be+地点） Where are you from? I am from quanzhou.
3. How old + be + 主语？ 某人几岁？ (回答： 主语 + be + 数字 )
二 期末复习指导与练习
例： How old are you ? I„m forteen.
4. What is your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少?
（回答：My telephone number is----或者It‟s ------）注意：读出号码的时候要逐个读出。
5. What class / grade +be + 主语 + in ? 某人在哪一个班级/年级？
例：what class are you in ?
I am in Class Five. (注意：Class 和 Five 需要大写）
what grade are you in ? I am in Grade Seven.（注意Glass 和Seven 需要大写）
6. What‟s this/ that (in English) ? 这是什么？
（回答：It‟s a/an + 单数名词. 这是……）
What‟ re these/ those (in English) ? 这些是什么？
（回答：They‟re + 复数名词, 这些是…）
7. How do you spell it ? 你怎么拼写它？ E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. (注意拼读方法)
Unit 2
7. has, 其余人称都用have
8.Look the same=look like 看起来很像
9.Different+名词单数
10.A pair of 一双, 一对
11.-Whatcolor be these/thoes/this/that+名复?
-There be+颜色
12.look at 看着
13In+a/an+颜色+名单(服装)=in+颜色
14. 形容词性物主代词+名词=名物
15.
主格 I you he she it they we
宾格 me you him her it their us
形物+名 my your his her its their our
形物 mine yours his hers its theirs ours
16.help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事
句型：
1、 What do/does + 主语 + look like ? 询问人的长相
例： What does your English teacher look like ?
2、 What‟s -----and ------? ……加……是什么？（回答：It‟s ------）
例：What‟s red and yellow? It‟s orange.
What‟s two and five? It‟s seven.
3、 Whose + 东西 + is this/ that ?
Whose + 东西 +are these/ those ? 这/这些 是谁的……？
例：Whose coat is this ? It is mine.
Whose shoes are these ? They are hers.
4、 Who is the letter from? 这封信来自于谁？
It‟s from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。
5、 What color be + 东西？ (回答：It‟s +颜色 或者 They‟er + 颜色)
例：What color is your dress? It‟s black.
Unit3
17.Could you plesase+动词原形? 你可以... 吗?
18.Sure=No problem=Of course 19. Talk 谈话
Tell 语言
Say 说的内容
Speak 讲一国语言/接电话的人是谁
20.Can+动词圆形 能够, 可以
21. Not at all 没关系
Not...at all 一点儿也不
22. help each other 互相帮助
Like....a lot 许多
Like....very much 非常喜欢
Like 喜欢
Like... a little 一点点喜欢
Don‟t/Doesn‟t like 不喜欢
Don‟t/Doesn‟t like...at all 一点也不喜欢
23. -what does/do sb do?=what be sb?=what‟s sb‟s job?
-Sb is an/a +职业名词单数
24.I am home 我到家了
25.What about doing sth? 做什么怎么样呢?
26. Like doing sth(一直喜欢)
Like to do sth(突然喜欢)
27.have...for breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃/早/中/晚
Have dinner/breakfast/lunch with sb
28.Favorite=like...best
29.Take one‟s order 记下某人点的饭菜
30.Why not do sth.?=why don‟t you....? 表建议
31.Have to do sth 不得不做某事
句型
1、What do/does + 主语+ do ?
=What +be+ 主语. ? == What‟s one‟s job ?
回答：主语 + be + 职业.
例如： What does your father do?
= What is your father? = What‟s your father‟s job?
He is a teacher.
Unit 4
32.buy sth for sb=buy sb sth
33.What can i do for you?=May i help you?
34.Try on 试穿 On 在... 上面/穿, 戴
35.Give sth to sb=give sb sth
36.How do you like...?=what do you think of...? 你觉得... 怎么样?
37. Look for 强调过程
Find 强调结果
do some shopping=go shopping
38. How much+不可名+一般疑问句(be动词, 助动词, 形态动词)?
How many +可名复+一般疑问句(be动词, 助动词, 形态动词)?
39.be free 有空
Have to do sth 不得不做某事(强调客观的状况)
40.Must be 必须 Fly a kite 放风筝
41.I have no time=I don‟t have any time 没时间
42.At the beginning of 在.... 开始 At the end of在... 的结束
43.Have a picnic= go for a picnic 去野餐
44.Do one‟s homework 做某人的作业
45.Go with sb. 和某人一起去
46.. 在时刻前用介词at
47..It‟s time to do sth=It‟s time for sth 是时候做某事了
48.
①整点用 o‟clock
②1-30分用past
③31-59分用to
④15和45分用quarter
thank you for doing sth/sb help谢谢做某事/某人的帮忙
It‟s very kind of you 你真好!(表达感谢的方式)
On one‟s way to somewhere (PS:home前不加to)
句型
1、 What do you think of ----?
= How do you like ---- ？ 你认为……怎么样？
例：What do you think of your English teacher ?
== How do you like your English teacher ?
2、 How much be + 主语？ ( 回答：It ’s / They ’re
How much is your English book ?
问价格还可以用 what ’s the price of ……
+ 价钱.)
3、 Why not ……（后接动词原形）
= Why don’t you …… （后接动词原形） 为什么不做某事呢？ 回答：Good idea 好主意；
4、 What time is it ? == What is the time? (回答：It ’s +时间)
三
一、区别has/have与am/is/are的用法：
has/have表示“有”，即“某人有某物”，
am/is/are表示“是”即“…是…”
二、有实义动词的一般现在时态的用法：动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式
（一）动词第三人称单数形式：动词+s/es，规则：
1）一般情况以及以e 结尾的动词，直接加“s”，如：make----makes; come----comes
2) 动词以o ，s ，ch ，sh, x 结尾，加“es”，如：do---does; watch----watches; wish---wishes; miss----misses; guess----guesses
3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把y 改为i ，再加es, 如:study---studies
4）特殊情况：have----has
易混淆知识点
（二）句型转换：
1）主语为第三人称单数，否定句，在动词前加doesn‟t, 再把动词改回原形，一般疑问句，在句首加does ，再把动词改回原形,
回答用：Yes, 人称代词+does./ No,人称代词+doesn‟t. 如： She has small eyes. She doesn‟t have small eyes.
-- Does she have small eyes? -- Yes, she does./ No, she doesn‟t.
2) 主语为除第三人称单数之外的人称，否定句，在动词前加don‟t, 一般疑问句，在句首加do, 回答用：Yes, 人称代词+do./ No, 人称代词+don‟t. 如： They have small eyes. They don‟t have small eyes.
-- Do they have small eyes? -- Yes, they do./ No, they don‟t. 练习：
( )1.. ---______ he American? ---Yes. He comes from America. A. Are B. Does C. Do D. Is ( )2. ---Do you have a sister? ---___________ .
A. Yes, you do B. Yes, I do C. Yes, I am. D. Yes, you do. ( )3. Ellen _____ an old book and her brothers _______ many new books. A. has, has B. have, have C have, has D. has, have
( )4. What color _________ he like?
A.is B. do C. has D. does ( )5. _____ he have a big nose or a small one?
A. Does B. Do C. Is D. Are
根据句子意思，用is, are, am, do ,does, have, has填空。 1. I __________ a Chinese teacher. 2. _______ you from Canada?
3. ________ they have many friends? 4. ________ he from Hainan?
5. ---______ Jack have a good friend? ---Yes, he ______. 6. _______ he a good teacher? --- Yes, he ______. 7. He and his sister _______ in different grades. 8. ______ your mother a doctor? 9. I _____ an old friend. His name is Allan. 10. Kangkang _______ a panda. It is very cute.
三、名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法区别：
名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的汉语意思是一样的，名词性物主代词可独立使用，后面不要跟名词；但形容词性物主代词不可独立使用，后面要跟名词。如：
It is my shirt.= It is mine.
句子当中my 为形容词性物主代词，mine 为名词性物主代词，your, his, her, our, its, their ，my 等都属于形容词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词通常置于名词前，修饰限定名词，作定语；而名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”, 当主语，宾语，或表语；如： Is this your coat? == Is this coat yours? 这是你的大衣吗？
一 练习：
( )1. -- Is that coat ________.? -- Yes, it‟s _________ coat..
A. his, he‟s B. yours, your C her, hers D. mine, your ( )2. Our books are here. ________ are over there.
A. They‟re B. Their C. Theirs D. Your ( )3 She is a girl, ________name is Mary.
A. she B. his C. her D. she‟s ( )4.---______ dress is it? ---It‟s hers.
A. Who‟s B. Whose C. What D. Which
( )5. _______ color is yellow. A. It‟s B. Its C. Is it D. Yours
二 根据汉语写单词：
1.Could_________(你)ask_________(他) to call_________(我)back? 2.Don‟t forget_________（我们）.
3._________(我们)would like to buy_________ (他们).
4.Could_________(你们)help___________(她)out? 5. There‟s one dollar on the floor. Pick___________(它)up.
三 用所给的动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often__________(get)up at half past six.
2. ---________she ____(like)noodles? ---Yes, she______. 3. Jack_______________(not play)soccer.
4. Jane_____________(have)a new pen .But Tom___________(not have)one. 5. We________(study) in No.1High School. Mike_____(study) inNo.2 High School.
四 练习：按要求改写句子。（每空一词）
1.He is a good student.（否定句）He ________a good student.
2. We are in the same school. （一般疑问句）______ _______ in the same school? 3. Does she have a round face? (肯定回答)__________, ________ ________. 4. Do they have a big house?? . (否定回答)_________ ，________ _________. 5. We have a good English teacher. （一般疑问句） ________ you ________ a good English teacher?
四 寒假课程安排
音标
单元音（12个）
长元音：[i:][ə:][ɔ:][u:][a:]念长元音时，一定要注意音的长度。学长元音时的通病是；念的长度不够，甚至念得和短元音一样。
短元音：[i][ə][ɔ][u][æ][e][ʌ] 念短元音时；一定要念得短而自然。一般来说，清辅音前的短元音应念得非常短。 双元音（8个）
[ai][ei][ɔi][iə][ɛə][uə][əu][au]发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动，口型有变化。前一个元音发音清晰响亮，且时间长；后一个元音发音模糊软弱，且时间短。
[2]辅音（28个）
清辅音(10个):[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][tʃ][tr][ts]发音时声带不震动。 浊辅音(10个):[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dʒ][dr][dz] 几乎不送气，声带震动。 鼻音（3个）:[m] [n] [ŋ]发音时软腭下垂, 使气流从鼻腔逸出而产生的一种语
音。
似拼音（3个）:[h] [r] [l]它们三个的发音非常相似。
半元音（2个）:[w] [j]语音学上指擦音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之间的音