高一情态动词导学案

高一情态动词导学案

情态动词记忆口诀:

情态动词两要点; 动词原形跟后面, 说话语气较委婉,can 表" 能力"may" 许可",must" 责任" 或" 义务", 否定回答"needn't" 换;should" 应该",would" 愿",have to "被迫" 表客观. 注释:对must 构成的一般疑问句作否定回答只能用needn't.

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

特别说明：

（1） could 用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can （即：could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如： ——Could I use your dictionary?

——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)

(2) can和be able to辨析

can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can 只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。如：

I ’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.

Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?

但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could ，而用was/were able to来表示。这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如： After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.

The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.

(3) 惯用形式“cannot „too „”或“cannot/never…..enough 表示“无论怎么„„也不（过

分）”。如：

You can’t think too highly of him.

You cannot be too careful.= You can never be careful enough.你越小心越好。 I really cannot thank you enough.It’s been an amazing day. (4) 惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式（不带to ）”表示“不得不，只好”。如： I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。

(5) 惯用形式 cannot help but do sth cannot help (doing )sth 作“忍不住，不禁”讲。 如：

The girl couldn’t help but live on herself. 小女孩不得不自食其力。

When I try to speak,I can’t help making mistakes. 我一开口说话，就禁不住犯错误。

The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didn’t it?

②从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语, 反意疑问句用过去完成时. By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadn’t we? ③若从句中不含任何时间状语, 反意疑问句用现在完成时 We must have been met somewhere (before), haven’t we?

3. must 表示―必须‖ ―有必要‖时，反义疑问句部分用mustn’t...? 或 needn’t ...?

You must go home right now, 特别说明：

1. must 表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如：

It must be nice to take a walk here, isn’t it?

Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？

2. Must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况:

①从句中含有过去的时间状语, 反意疑问句用过去时.

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特别说明：would 与used to辨析

would 可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.‖

另外，would 强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would 可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。如：

He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning.

Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.

In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help. 六．need 和dare

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七．ought 的用法： 说明：should 与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别

should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该„„”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。如： You should help them with their work.

You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.

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总结:

一、猜测: must, may, might, can, could

只能用于肯定句, 非常肯定的猜测的是 __________ 只能用于肯定句, 表示可能的猜测 __________

只能用于否定句，疑问句 ____________过去时用 ____________ 表示预测，主观推测或期待 ―应当‖ ____________

二、情态动词否定式的常考点有：

mustn ’t 禁止、严禁、不准 needn ’t 不必要、没必要(=don’t have to) can ’t 不可能 may not 可能不、或许不 shouldn ’t 不应该（=ought not to )

三、情态动词+ have done

表示对过去发生的事情的推测, 批评, 反悔等意

should have done _________________ ought to have done _________________ could have done __________________ needn ’t have done ___________________ may/ might have done _______________________ must have done ________________________ can ’t have done _________________________

四．情态动词表推测的三种时态

1. 对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 2. 对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。

3. 对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。

五．补充强调：推测的句型特点（对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态） （1）语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱） 肯定句：must 、may 、might （=could） 否定句：can ’t （=couldn’t ）、mayn ’t 、mightn ’t 疑问句：can 、could （语气更加委婉不确定）

（2）时态部分：

be 表示对现在的推测 have done表示对过去的推测 be doing表示对正在进行的推测 语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测

六．情态动词表推测的解题关键： 时间决定形式 语气决定选词

解答情态动词表示推测的试题时，一要清楚被推测的时间，二要清楚有无客观事实根据。若有客观事实根据，无论是肯定还是否定的推测，推测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案；若无客观事实根据，则推测语气符合时间要求的为最佳答案。

情态动词练习题 （一）

1)A computer ___think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not

2).The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 3)--Where is my uncle, Mary? --He ___ in the bedroom.

A. must have been B. must be C. may have been D. should have been 4)Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 5) --That must be a mistake. --No, it ___ a mistake.

A. must not be B. needn’t be C. can not be D. would not be 6) It’s nearly 7 o’clock. Dad ___ come home soon. A. can B. could C. would D. should 7)--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

--I ’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert tonight. A. must B. would C. should D. might

8)You ___ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t

9)Johnny, you___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself.

A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t, must D. can’t; shouldn’t

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10).I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep.

A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 11).I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ___ at the meeting.

A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken

12).I can’t find Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building. Where ___ he have gone?

情态动词练习题（三）

1. I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I _____ save most of my salary.

A. was able to B. would C. could D. should

2. I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the traffic is still so heavy. They _____ for me

A. must B. can C. should D. need

情态动词练习题（二）

1.

—______ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?

—No. It ______ be Wu Dong who did it.

A. Can; must B. Must; need C. May; must D. Need; can 2. —Don’t forget to visit me when you come to Beijing.

—_________.

A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t 3.

—Could I use your bike? —

A. might B. will C. can D. should

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 5.

—When can you get my car repaired? I need it tomorrow morning.

—

A. can B. need C. might D. should 6.

—Are you coming for dinner?

—I’m not quite sure. I ______ go to my uncle’s instead.

A. must B. would C. Should D. might 7. Don’t believe him. What he said

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. may not 8.

—

—No, you ______. You should finish the composition first.

A. Might; wouldn’t B. May; had better not C. Must; mustn’t D. Need; mustn’t 9.

— —Certainly. Here is the key.

A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Does

A. would B. should C. might D. need

impatiently.

A. may wait B. must be waiting C. could wait D. ought to wait 3. I ______ her, but I never could.

A. ought to help B. must help C. must have helped D. ought to have helped 4. The Smiths went to the country for the weekend as they ______ to the office.

A. needn’t have gone B. mustn’t go C. may not go D. didn’t have to go 5. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always ______ look it up.

A. should B. can C. have to D. must 6. Bobby ______ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. shouldn’t have told B. should tell C. mustn’t have told D. could tell 7. If you ______ go, at least wait until the rain stops.

A. can B. must C. should D. would 8. You ______ follow me if I am wrong.

A. must B. don’t have to C. wouldn’t D. ought to 9. _____ you like to have a walk with us this evening?

A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Can 10.

—Mr Wang, I will go and fetch four chairs for the meeting.

—You ______ fetch four; two will do.

A. won’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

情态动词高考考题:

1. I thought you _____like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I ____it.

A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep.

A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 4. ---There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ----It ____a comfortable journey

A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 6

5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___be here at any moment. A. can B.will C. may D. shall A. must B. need C. should D. could 20.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. 6. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to 7. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to 8. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should 9. — Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________. A. may B. must C. might D. can 10. --Will you stay for lunch? --Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t 11. --May I pick a flower in the garden? -- ________. A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please. C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t 12. Put on more clothes. You ________ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would 13. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?" "No, ________ ." A. you shouldn't B. you might not C. you needn't D. you mustn't 14. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He ________it. A. mustn't have attended B. cannot have attended C. needn't have attended D. would have not attended 15. We ________ play chess than bridge. Some of us don't know how to play bridge. A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather 16. There is someone knocking at the door. ________ it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought to 17. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you ________ worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. don't have to 18.--Is John coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考题）

A. must B. can C. need D. may 19.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)____ remain in their seats until all the papers have

been collected. (2002上海高考题）

--It ____ true because there was little snow there. (2002北京高考题） A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be 情态动词强化练习 (作业) 1. –May I sit beside you, sir? --- No, you ______. My girlfriend is coming soon. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 2.-- _____ I speak to Mary, please? --Sorry, she____ come to the phone because she isn’t in. A. Might; won’t B. Can’t; mustn’t C. May; can’t D. Couldn’t; shouldn’t 3. --- I want to know if I _ smoke here. --- No, you____ . Could you see the sign ―NO SMOKING‖ there? A. can; needn’t B. must; can’t C. shall; won’t D. may; mustn’t 4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always ____ look it up. A. must B. should C. would D. has to 5. --- ____ you pass me the English magazine, please? --- Sure. Here you are.

A. Could B. Need C. Must D. Might 6. ---Must I go to work with you? --- No, you_____. Linda ______ go with me. A. mustn’t; can B. can’t; has to C. daren’t; should D. needn’t; may 7. --- __ I tell Mary the test results? --- No, you____. She’s already got the score. A. Will; won’t B. Shall; needn’t C. May; mustn’t D. Can; don’t 8. You ____ be careful when crossing here. The traffic lights aren’t working. A. might B. ought to C. could D. may 9. ---Could I borrow your bicycle?

--- Yes, of course you_____. A.will B. should C. can D. need

10. Joan_____ come with us this afternoon, but she isn’t very sure yet. A. can B. may C. must D. will 7

11. I _____ ask you the question because I think I _____ be wrong.

A. daren’t; must B. mustn’t; can C. needn’t; may D. can’t; should 12. It’s nearly eight o’clock. Mike _____ be here at any moment. A. need B. has to C. should D. can

13. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 14.---What do you think of this answer? ---I don’t think it ____ be right.

A.should B. might C. must D. can 15. --- Is John coming by train?

--- He should, but he ___. He likes driving his car. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. mustn’t

16. He doesn’t have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, ____ you? A. don’t B. haven’t C. haven’t got D. can’t 17. You_____ wake me up when I fall asleep, ______ you? A. haven’t better; have B. would not rather; would C. had better not; should D. had not better; must 18. ---Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone this morning. --- We _____ tennis in the yard when you phone me. A. could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played 19. --- We didn’t see him at the lecture.

--- Neither did anybody else. He _____ it.

A. may not have attended B. mustn’t attend C. can’t have attended D. couldn’t attend20. ---I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 yuan. ---Really? You _____ have come by bus. A. could B. must C. may D. should

21. --- Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall?

--- I can’t remember it well, but _____ it have been sometime last May? A. should B. must C. could D. would 22. ---I wonder why Mr Lin didn’t come to work. --- He____ have been ill.

A. needn’t B. should C. might D. can

23. ---No one passed the mathematics examination today. ---I guess we ____ the exercise last night.

A. could review B. should review C. might review D. should have reviewed 24. She_____ the hospital so soon, for she hasn’t yet recovered.

A. wouldn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. needn’t leave D. hadn’t left 25. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today?

I ______ all the way here through the heavy snow. A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven C. must have driven D. shouldn’t have driven.

26. The book is neither yours nor mine. Whose ______ it be? A. must B. may C. should D. can

27. It is surprising that he ____ have been so foolish. A. must B. could C. should D. can 28. It must have rained last night, _____ it?

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. hasn’t D. didn’t 29.---Will you stay for lunch?

--- Sorry, I _____. My brother is coming to see me. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t 30. --- Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

--- I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might. 31. Michael ____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.

A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may

32. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ___ it be that he was late for the ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 33. –I stayed at a hotel while in New York? -- Oh did you? You ____ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed B. could stay C. must have stayed D. would stay 34. If I ___go with you, I would feel very glad. A. can B. could C. should D. may

35.There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You___ come, but why didn’t you? A. must have B. Should C. need have D. ought to have 36. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. --They ___ be ready by 12:00.

A. can B. should C. might D. need 37. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep.

A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 38. I ___ do all the difficult work for you.

A. haven’t got to B. not have got to C. have got not to D. have got to not 39. Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 40. If I had time, I ____ go with you. A. can B. will C. may D. might

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参考答案 练习题

1-5 ADBBC 6-10 DDCBB 11-12 DB 高考考题

1-5 BDBDC 6-10 DACAB 情态动词强化练习

1-5 ACDDA 6-10 DBBCB 21-25 CCDBA 26-30 DCDBD

11-15 CCCBA 31-35 BAABD ADDDC 16-20 BCCCD 36-40 BBAAD 9

16-20 11-15 ACDDC