蒙特利尔公约

关于制止危害民用航空安Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful 全的非法行为的公约 Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation 发文日期: 1971-09-23

地域: 全国 Promulgation date: 1971-09-23 Effective region: NATIONAL 颁布机关: 中华人民共和Promulgator: Multilateral 国政府

时效性: 现行有效

生效日期: 1971-09-23 Document no: Effectiveness: Effective

Effective date: 1971-09-23 所属分类: 航空交

通 ( 交通法->航空交

通 ) ，刑法 ( 刑法和刑

诉->刑法 )

关于制止危害民用航空安Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation 全的非法行为的公约

1971年9月23日 本公约各缔约国

考虑到危害民用航空

安全的非法行为危及人身

和财产的安全，严重影响

航班的经营，并损害世界

人民对民用航空安全的信

任； September 23, 1971 The States Parties To This Convention Considering that unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation jeopardize the safety of persons and property, seriously affect the operation of air services, and undermine the confidence of the peoples of the world in the safety of civil aviation; 考虑到发生这些行为Considering that the occurrence of such acts is a 是令人严重关切的事情； matter of grave concern; 考虑到为了防止这类Considering that, for the purpose of deterring such 行为，迫切需要规定适当acts, there is an urgent need to provide appropriate measures for punishment of offenders; 的措施以惩罚罪犯；

协议如下：

第一条

一、任何人如果非法

地和故意地从事下述行

为，即是犯有罪行：

（甲）对飞行中的航

空器内的人从事暴力行

为，如该行为将会危及该

航空器的安全；或

（乙）破坏使用中的

航空器或对该航空器造成Have Agreed As Follows: Article 1 1. Any person commits an offence if he unlawfully and intentionally: (1) performs an act of violence against a person on board an aircraft in flight if that act is likely to endanger the safety of that aircraft; or (2) destroys an aircraft in service or causes damage to such an aircraft which renders it incapable of flight or which is likely to endanger its safety in flight; or (3) places or causes to be placed on an aircraft in

损坏，使其不能飞行或将service, by any means whatsoever, a device or 会危及其飞行安全；或 substance which is likely to destroy that aircraft, or （丙）用任何方法在to cause damage to it which renders it incapable of 使用中的航空器内放置或flight, or to cause damage to it which is likely to 使别人放置一种将会破坏endanger its safety in flight; or 该航空器或对其造成损坏(4) destroys or damages air navigation facilities or interferes with their operation, if any such act is 使其不能飞行或对其造成likely to endanger the safety of aircraft in flight; or 损坏而将会危及其飞行安(5) communicates information which he knows to 全的装置和物质；或 be false, thereby endangering the safety of an （丁）破坏或损坏航aircraft in flight. 行设备或妨碍其工作，如2. Any person also commits an offence if he: 任何此种行为将会危及飞(1) attempts to commit any of the offences 行中航空器的安全；或mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article; or （戊）传送他明知是虚假(2) is an accomplice of a person who commits or 的情报，从而危及飞行中attempts to commit any such offence. 的航空器的安全。

二、任何人如果他从

事下述行为，也是犯有罪

行：

（甲）企图犯本条第

一款所指的任何罪行；或

（乙）是犯有或企图

犯任何此种罪行的人的同

犯。

第二条 在本公约

中：

（甲）航空器从装载

完毕、机舱外部各门均已

关闭时起，直至打开任一

机舱门以便卸载时为止，

应被认为是在飞行中；航

空器强迫降落时，在主当

局接管对该航空器及其所

载人员和财产的责任前，

应被认为仍在飞行中。

（乙）从地面人员或

机组为某一特定飞行而对

航空器进行飞行前的准备

时起，直到降落后24小

时止，该航空器应被认为

是在使用中；在任何情况

下，使用的期间应包括本

条甲款所规定的航空器是Article 2 For the purposes of this Convention: 1. an aircraft is considered to be in flight at any time from the moment when all its external doors are closed following embarkation until the moment when any such door is opened for disembarkation; in the case of a forced landing, the flight shall be deemed to continue until the competent authorities take over the responsibility for the aircraft and for persons and property on board; 2. an aircraft is considered to be in service from the beginning of the preflight preparation of the aircraft by ground personnel or by the crew for a specific flight until twenty-four hours after any landing; the period of service shall, in any event, extend for the entire period during which the aircraft is in flight as defined in paragraph (a) of this Article.

在飞行中的整个时间。

第三条 各缔约国Article 3 Each Contracting State undertakes to 承允对第一条所指的罪行make the offences mentioned in Article 1

punishable by severe penalties. 给予严厉惩罚。

Article 4 1. This Convention shall not apply to 第四条

一、本公约不适用于aircraft used in military, customs or police services. 供军事、海关或警察用的2. In the cases contemplated in subparagraphs (a),

(b), (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 1, this 航空器。

二、在第一条第一款Convention shall apply, irrespective of whether the （甲）、（乙）、（丙）aircraft is engaged in an international or domestic flight, only if: 和（戊）各项所指情况(1) the place of take-off or landing, actual or 下，不论航空器是从事国intended, of the aircraft is situated outside the 际飞行或国内飞行，本公territory of the State of registration of that aircraft; 约均应适用，只要： or （甲）航空器的实际(2) the offence is committed in the territory of a 或预定起飞或降落地点是State other than the State of registration of the 在该航空器登记国领土以aircraft.

外；或 3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2 of this Article, in （乙）罪行是在该航the cases contemplated in subparagraphs (a), (b), 空器登记国以外的一国领(c) and (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 1, this

Convention shall also apply if the offender or the 土内发生的。

三、尽管有本条第二alleged offender is found in the territory of a State 款的规定，在第一条第一other than the State of registration of the aircraft.

4. With respect to the States mentioned in Article 9 款（甲）、（乙）、and in the cases mentioned in subparagraphs (a), （丙）和（戊）项所指情(b), (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 1, this 况下，如罪犯或被指称的Convention shall not apply if the places referred to 罪犯是在该航空器登记国in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 2 of this Article 以外的一国领土内被发are situated within the territory of the same State 现，则本公约也应适用。 where that State is one of those referred to in 四、关于第九条所指Article 9, unless the offence is committed or the

的各国，在第一条第一款offender or alleged offender is found in the territory （甲）、（乙）、（丙）of a State other than that State.

5. In the cases contemplated in subparagraph (d) 和（戊）项所指的情况

下，如本条第二款（甲）of paragraph 1 of Article 1, this Convention shall 项所指地点处于同一国家apply only if the air navigation facilities are used in 的领土内，而这一国家又international air navigation. 是第九条所指国家之一，6. The provisions of paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 of

this Article shall also apply in the cases 则本公约不应适用，除非contemplated in paragraph 2 of Article 1. 罪行是在该国以外的一国

领土内发生或罪犯或被指

称的罪犯是在该国以外的

一国领土内被发现。

五、在第一条第一款

（丁）项所指的情况下，

只有在航行设备是用于国

际航行时，本公约才适

用。

六、本条第二、三、

四和五款的规定，也适用

于第一条第二款所指的情

况。

Article 5 1. Each Contracting State shall take such 第五条

一、在下列情况下，measures as may be necessary to establish its

jurisdiction over the offences in the following cases: 各缔约国应采取必要措

施，对罪行实施管辖权： (1) when the offence is committed in the territory （甲）罪行是在该国of that State;

(2) when the offence is committed against or on 领土内发生的； board an aircraft registered in that State; （乙）罪行是针对在(3) when the aircraft on board which the offence is 该国登记的航空器，或在committed lands in its territory with the alleged 该航空器内发生的； offender still on board; （丙）在其内发生犯(4) when the offence is committed against or on 罪行为的航空器在该国降board an aircraft leased without crew to a lessee 落时被指称的罪犯仍在航who has his principal place of business or, if the

空器内； lessee has no such place of business, his （丁）罪行是针对租permanent residence, in that State. 来时不带机组的航空器，2. Each Contracting State shall likewise take such

measures as may be necessary to establish its 或是在该航空器内发生

的，而承租人的主要营业jurisdiction over the offences mentioned in Article 地，或如承租人没有这种1, paragraph 1(a), (b) and (c), and in Article 1, 营业地，则其永久居所，paragraph 2, in so far as that paragraph relates to those offences, in the case where the alleged 是在该国。 offender is present in its territory and it does not 二、当被指称的罪犯extradite him pursuant to Article 8 to any of the 在缔约国领土内，而该国States mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article. 未按第八条的规定将此人3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal 引渡给本条第一款所指的jurisdiction exercised in accordance with national 任一国家时，该缔约国应law. 同样采取必要措施，对第

一条第一款（甲）、

（乙）和（丙）项所指的

罪行，以及对第一条第二

款①本公约于1973年1

月26日生效。1980年9

月10日中华人民共和国

政府向美国政府交存加入

书，同时声明：对公约第

十四条第一款持有保留；

台湾当局盗用中国名义对

该公约的签署和批准是非

法和无效的。本公约于

1980年10月10日对我

生效。棗编者注所列与这

些款项有关的罪行实施管

辖权。

三、本公约不排斥根

据本国法行使任何刑事管

辖权。 第六条

一、罪犯或被指称的

罪犯所在的任一缔约国在

判明情况有此需要时，应

将该人拘留或采取其他措

施以保证该人留在境内。

这种拘留和其他措施应符

合该国的法律规定，但是

只有在为了提出刑事诉讼

或引渡程序所必要的期间

内，才可继续保持这些措

施。

二、该国应立即对事

实进行初步调查。

三、对根据本条一款

予以拘留的任何人，应向

其提供协助，以便其立即

与其本国最近的合格代表

联系。

四、当一国根据本条

规定将某人拘留时，它应

将拘留该人和应予拘留的

情况立即通知第五条第一

款所指国家和被拘留人的

国籍所属国，如果认为适

当，并通知其他有关国

家。按照本条第二款规定

进行初步调查的国家，应

尽速将调查结果通知上述

各国，并说明它是否意欲

行使管辖权。 Article 6 1. Upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant, any Contracting State in the territory of which the offender or the alleged offender is present, shall take him into custody or take other measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may only be continued for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted. 2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary enquiry into the facts. 3. Any person in custody pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national. 4. When a State, pursuant to this Article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify the States mentioned in Article 5, paragraph 1, the State of nationality of the detained person and, if it considers it advisable, any other interested States of the fact that such person is in custody and of the circumstances which warrant his detention. The State which makes the preliminary enquiry contemplated in paragraph 2 of this Article shall promptly report its findings to the said States and shall indicate whether it intends to exercise jurisdiction.

第七条 在其境内Article 7 The Contracting State in the territory of 发现被指称的罪犯的缔约which the alleged offender is found shall, if it does

国，如不将此人引渡，则

不论罪行是否在其境内发

生，应无例外地将此案件

提交其主管当局以便起

诉。该当局应按照本国法

律，以对待任何严重性质

的普通罪行案件的同样方

式作出决定。

第八条

一、前述罪行应看作

是包括在缔约各国间现有

引渡条约中的一种可引渡

的罪行。缔约各国承允将

此种罪行作为一种可引渡

的罪行列入它们之间将要

缔结的每一项引渡条约

中。

二、如一缔约国规定

只有在订有引渡条约的条

件下才可以引渡，而当该

缔约国接到未与其订有引

渡条约的另一缔约国的引

渡要求时，可以自行决定

认为本公约是对该罪行进

行引渡的法律根据。引渡

应遵照被要求国法律规定

的其他条件。

三、缔约各国如没有

规定只有在订有引渡条约

下才可引渡，则在遵照被

要求国法律规定的条件

下，应承认上述罪行是它

们之间可引渡的罪行。

四、为在缔约各国之

间引渡的目的，每一罪行

应看作不仅是发生在所发

生的地点，而且也是发生

在根据第五条第一款

（乙）、（丙）和（丁）

项要求实施其管辖权的国

家领土上。 not extradite him, be obliged, without exception whatsoever and whether or not the offence was committed in its territory, to submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution. Those authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any ordinary offence of a serious nature under the law of that State. Article 8 1. The offences shall be deemed to be included as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between Contracting States. Contracting States undertake to include the offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them. 2. If a Contracting State which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another Contracting State with which it has no extradition treaty, it may at its option consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of the offences. Extradition shall be subject to the other conditions provided by the law of the requested State. 3. Contracting States which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognize the offences as extraditable offences between themselves subject to the conditions provided by the law of the requested State. 4. Each of the offences shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition between Contracting States, as if it had been committed not only in the place in which it occurred but also in the territories of the States required to establish their jurisdiction in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 1(b), (c) and (d).

第九条 如缔约各Article 9 The Contracting States which establish 国成立航空运输联营组织joint air transport operating organisations or

或国际经营机构，而其使

用的航空器需要进行联合

登记或国际登记时，则这

些缔约国应通过适当方法

在它们之间为每一航空器

指定一个国家，该国为本

公约的目的，应行使管辖

权并具有登记国的性质，

并应将此项指定通知国际

民用航空组织，由该组织

将上述通知转告本公约所

有缔约国。

第十条

一、缔约各国应根据

国际法和本国法，努力采

取一切可能的措施，以防

止发生第一条所指的罪

行。

二、当由于发生了第

一条所指的一种罪行，使

飞行延误或中断，航空

器、旅客或机组所在的任

何缔约国应对旅客和机组

继续其旅行尽速提供方

便，并应将航空器和所载

货物不迟延地交还给合法

的所有人。

第十一条

一、缔约各国对上述

罪行所提出的刑事诉讼，

应相互给予最大程度的协

助。在任何情况下，都应

适用被要求国的法律。

二、本条第一款的规

定，不应影响因任何其他

双边或多边条约在刑事问

题上全部地或部分地规定

或将规定相互协助而承担

的义务。 international operating agencies, which operate aircraft which are subject to joint or international registration shall, by appropriate means, designate for each aircraft the State among them which shall exercise the jurisdiction and have the attributes of the State of registration for the purpose of this Convention and shall give notice thereof to the International Civil Aviation Organization which shall communicate the notice to all States Parties to this Convention. Article 10 1. Contracting States shall, in accordance with international and national law, endeavour to take all practicable measures for the purpose of preventing the offences mentioned in Article 1. 2. When, due to the commission of one of the offences mentioned in Article 1, a flight has been delayed or interrupted, any Contracting State in whose territory the aircraft or passengers or crew are present shall facilitate the continuation of the journey of the passengers and crew as soon as practicable, and shall without delay return the aircraft and its cargo to the persons lawfully entitled to possession. Article 11 1. Contracting States shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal proceedings brought in respect of the offences. The law of the State requested shall apply in all cases. 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not affect obligations under any other treaty, bilateral or multilateral, which governs or will govern, in whole or in part, mutual assistance in criminal matters.

第十二条 任何缔Article 12 Any Contracting State having reason to 约国如有理由相信将要发believe that one of the offences mentioned in 生第一条所指的罪行之一Article 1 will be committed shall, in accordance with

its national law, furnish any relevant information in

时，应遵照其本国法向其its possession to those States which it believes 认为是第五条第一款所指would be the States mentioned in Article 5, 的国家，提供其所掌握的paragraph 1.

任何有关情况。

Article 13 Each Contracting State shall in 第十三条

一、每一缔约国应遵accordance with its national law report to the 照其本国法尽快地向国际Council of the International Civil Aviation 民用航空组织理事会就下Organization as promptly as possible any relevant 列各项报告它所掌握的任information in its possession concerning:

1. the circumstances of the offence; 何有关情况： 2. the action taken pursuant to Article 10, （甲）犯罪的情况； paragraph 2; （乙）根据第十条第3. the measures taken in relation to the offender or 二款采取的行动； the alleged offender and, in particular, the results （丙）对罪犯或被指of any extradition proceedings or other legal 称的罪犯所采取的措施，proceedings. 特别是任何引渡程序或其

他法律程序的结果。

第十四条

一、如两个或几个缔

约国之间对本公约的解释

或应用发生争端而不能以

谈判解决时，经其中一方

的要求，应交付仲裁。如

果在要求仲裁之日起六个

月内，当事国对仲裁的组

成不能达成协议，任何一

方可按照国际法院规约，

要求将争端提交国际法

院。

二、每个国家在签

字、批准或加入本公约

时，可以声明该国不受前

款规定的约束。其他缔约

国对于任何作出这种保留

的缔约国，也不受前款规

定的约束。

三、按照前款规定作

出保留的任何缔约国，可

以在任何时候通知保存国

政府撤销这一保留。

第十五条

一、本公约于1971Article 14 1. Any dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court. 2. Each State may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider itself bound by the preceding paragraph. The other Contracting States shall not be bound by the preceding paragraph with respect to any Contracting State having made such a reservation. 3. Any Contracting State having made a reservation in accordance with the preceding paragraph may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Depositary Governments. Article 15 1. This Convention shall be open for signature at Montreal on 23 September 1971, by

States participating in the International Conference

年9月23日在蒙特利尔

开放，听任1971年9月

8日到23日在蒙特利尔

举行的国际航空法会议

（以下称为蒙特利尔会

议）的参加国签字。1971

年10月10日后，本公约

将在莫斯科、伦敦和华盛

顿向所有国家开放签字。

在本公约根据本条第三款

开始生效前未在本公约上

签字的任何国家，可在任

何时候加入本公约。

二、本公约须经签字

国批准。批准书和加入书

应交存苏维埃社会主义共

和国联盟、大不列颠及北

爱尔兰联合王国以及美利

坚合众国政府，这些政府

被指定为保存国政府。

三、本公约应于参加

蒙特利尔会议在本公约上

签字的十个国家交存批准

书后三十天生效。

四、对其他国家，本

公约应于本条第三款规定

生效之日，或在它们交存

批准书或加入书后三十天

生效，以两者中较晚的一

个日期为准。

五、保存国政府应迅

速将每一签字日期、每一

批准书或加入书交存日

期、本公约开始生效日期

以及其他通知事项通知所

有签字国和加入国。

六、本公约一经生

效，应由保存国政府根据

联合国宪章第一百零二条

和国际民用航空公约

（1944年芝加哥）第八

十三条进行登记。

第十六条 on Air Law held at Montreal from 8 to 23 September 1971 (hereinafter referred to as the Montreal Conference). After 10 October 1971, the Convention shall be open to all States for signature in Moscow, London and Washington.[1] Any State which does not sign this Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments.[2] 3. This Convention shall enter into force thirty days following the date of the deposit of instruments of ratification by ten States signatory to this Convention which participated in the Montreal Conference.[3] 4. For other States, this Convention shall enter into force on the date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, or thirty days following the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession, whichever is later.[4] 5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession, the date of entry into force of this Convention, and other notices. 6. As soon as this Convention comes into force, it shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations and pursuant to Article 83 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944). Article 16 1. Any Contracting State may denounce

this Convention by written notification to the

一、任何缔约国可以

书面通知保存国政府退出

本公约。

二、退出应于保存国

政府接到通知之日起六个

月后生效。 Depositary Governments. 2. Denunciation shall take effect six months following the date on which notification is received by the Depositary Governments. In witness whereof the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their Governments, have signed this Convention.

In witness whereof the undersigned 下列签字的全权代

表，经各自政府正式授权Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by 在本公约上签字，以资证their Governments, have signed this Convention. 明。

1971年9月23日订

于蒙特利尔，正本一式三

份，每份都用英文、法

文、俄文和西班牙文四种

有效文本写成。

Done at Montreal, this twenty-third day of September, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one, in three originals, each being drawn up in four authentic texts in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages.