高一英语定语从句学案
高年级 科 练 习 案
单元内容:Module 1 Unit 1 Grammar and usage (1) 时间 第二周 编者 编号(3)
Step1、(Presentation)知识要点与结构
一,英语句子结构分析: 简单句:五种基本句型 并列句 (顺联、选择、转折) 1、句子类型 复杂句 名词性从句(主、宾、表、同) 复合句定语从句
状语从句(时间、条件、地点。。。)
顺联:and 例 I help him and he helps me.
选择:or 例Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 转折:but 例 She looks young, but she is already in her 30’s. ①简单句五大类 1, S+V(主+谓),
2, S+V+P(主+系+表) 常用作连系动词:① 变成, 变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run,
turn ② 保持某种状态:Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. ③ 看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem. ④ 感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.
3, S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
4, S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 带双宾语的动词: “七给”一“带”to 不少, “买”画“制作”for 来了。
带双宾语的及物动词, 如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前, 必须在变换时“to ”或“for ”。
a、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词, 在直 接宾语前置时, 必须在后面加上“to ”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等
b、“buy ”(买); “draw ”(画); “make ”(制作) 三个动词, 在直接宾语前置时, 则必须在后边加
“for ”, 构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build ,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach 等。 c 、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for 和to 于直接宾语之后如:Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。把它给我 d 、 有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰I asked a question. 我问了一个问题I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 e 、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to, 不能进行
直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?
=Could you explain to us your point of view?
f 、 易错的动词:
抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb. sth (错误) 正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth. 类似的还有:cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 从----中除去(不好的东西) supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物
inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况 charge sb with sth 指责某人某
5, S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
5, S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
二,分析下列简单句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。 1, Time flies by. 2, I ’m on a diet. 3, I own you one.
4, It slipped my mind. 5, Old habits die hard. 6, I enjoy your company. 7, I can’t stand the heat.
8, Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun. 9, He speaks English well. 10, Teachers will make your English better. 11, They found the dead boy. 12, I found the book easily. 13, I found the book easy. 14, Tom found Jim an apartment. 15, We found John a loyal friend. 16, I will find you a good teacher. 17, She will make him a good wife. 18, She will make him a good husband. 三,分析下列复合句所含的从句类型
1, The little girl discovered the secret last night. ( )
2, The girl who is 6 years old discovered the secret last night. ( 3, The little girl discovered what had caused the accident last night. ( 4, The little girl discovered the secret when she was taking a walk. ( 5, Whoever entered the room discovered the secret. ( )
)
) )
6, They couldn't understand why I refused that invitation. ( ) 7, What made me happy upset him. ( )
8, The only thing that we can do is give you some money. ( ) 9, Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )
四、关系代词的用法 (一)基本用法
根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。 如下表:
例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)
① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语) ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语) ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)
④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语) ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语) 注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。(见上例③④) (二)关系代词that 代替which 的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下,只用 that 。
⑴ 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 ① This is the best that has been used against pollution.
② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时。 ① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 ① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。 ① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. (三)宜用who, 而不用that 的一些情况 ⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。
① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don ’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those 时。
① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. (四)其它情况
⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。
① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which 时。 ① Which is the bike that you lost?
② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? (五)与whose 有关的问题
⑴ whose 是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。 ① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. ② Please show me the book whos e cover is red.
⑵ 当whose 表示物与物的所有格关系时,亦可用of which的形式。 ① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. → The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时,介词可以前提至关系代词前。
Have you seen the pen ? (which 作介词with 的宾语) →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是,要注意的是:
⑴ 介词前提后,先行词是人或物,关系代词分别只能用whom 和which ,而不再用that 或who 。 ⑵ 介词前提后,关系代词不再能省略。
⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提,如:look for, look after, take care of等。 ① 错误:Who is the old man to that you were talking to?
正确:Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? ② 错误:These are the sheep of which the boy took care.
正确:These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 四、关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
① Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be
over 25,000.. ② Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.
例③中的all 意为“一切”,作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人,因此谓语动词也用单数。 that 与which, who, whom的用法区别:
Step2、 (Practice)课堂例题
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A.for which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A.as was B. which was C.as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A.when; who B.that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A.owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C.through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been (选做部分)
1. We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in rural areas. A. which
B. whose
C. in which
D. with which
2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
3. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ______ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.
A. in which B. for which A. what B. that C. so that D. in that C. which D. one
4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.
5. You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
6. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don ’t. A. who, /
B. /; who
C. who, who
D. /; /
7. The Beatles _____ many of you are old enough to remember came from Livepool.
A. what B. that C. how
D. as
8. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ________ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 10. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
11. – Mom, what did your doctor say?
-He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher. A. in where A. in that
B. in which B. for that
C. the place where D. where C. in which
D. for which D. on which
12. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. 13. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which
14. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name
15. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
Step3、 (Production)能力提升
1,作文(在写作中尽量多使用定语从句,为作文增添亮点!)
为增加师生对中国航天的了解,你校将举行一次讲座。假设你是学校的广播员,请根据下面的表格提 示的内容,写一份英语广播稿,通知全校师生。 讲座主题中国航天 (China Spaceflight) 主讲人:北京大学李博教授 时间:1月5日,星期四下午2:30
地点:学校报告厅讲座内容介绍中国航天发展的
背景、简要历程,神舟系列飞船的发展概况以及中国航天员的情况。 注意:1. 词数100左右;2. 要点齐全,符合英语
口语特点; 3. 广播稿的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;4. 参考词汇:背景 background 航天员 astronaut 过程 process
e.
四、学练反思:
1. 学生学练后感悟:
2. 教师评价指导: