常见词根词缀整理
常见词根词缀整理
常见后缀
1:常见的名词后缀
(1)表示“人和物”
-an American historian
-ian Italian Canadian politician
-ant assistant accountant participant
-ent student president resident
-ee employee trainee
-er writer speaker waiter
-or actor conductor sailor
-ess waitress hostess actress
-ist socialist novelist scientist dentist
(2)表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词
-ability suitability probability
-ibility possibility responsibility
-age marriage shortage carriage
-al arrival refusal revival survival
-ance acceptance importance distance ignorance
-ence dependence existence difference conference
-dom freedom wisdom seldom
-ery slavery bravery discovery mastery robbery
-hood childhood adulthood neighborhood
-ion question construction election conduction
-ition composition competition
-ation modernization civilization alteration
-ism pessimism optimism socialism Marxism
-ment movement government encouragement
-ness kindness carelessness
-ship friendship leadership relationship
-ure exposure failure measure leisure pleasure
2:常见的动词后缀
表示“使(成为)” “使……化”
-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate
-en strengthen weaken broaden widen lighten
-ify classify simplify specify qualify certify
-ize realize organize criticize recognize
-ish astonish cherish establish finish punish polish vanish accomplish
3:常见形容词后缀
(1)表示“具有……性质的”
-al national cultural natural
-an American republican
-ian Italian Canadian Christian
-ant pleasant resistant distant constant
-ent different confident excellent abolish
-ary necessary imaginary customary
-ory compulsory contradictory
-ate considerate fortunate
-ese Chinese Taiwanese Cantonese
-ic heroic poetic economic
-some troublesome handsome quarrelsome
(2)表示“充满或缺乏”
-free duty-free care-free worry-free
-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful
-less hopeless useless needless
-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious
-y rainy cloudy dirty hairy trendy fishy
(3)表示“类似”
-ish childish stylish greenish
-like childlike businesslike
-ly brotherly friendly deadly deathly
(4)表示“主、被动意义
-able comfortable lovable capable believable portable disable -ible responsible sensible visible
-ive active positive negative passive decisive extensive expensive
•(5)表示“方向”
•-ward downward upward backward forward westward eastward
4: 常见的副词后缀
-ly strongly successfully quickly angrily slowly
-ward(s) downwards eastwards
-wise clockwise likewise otherwise
常见的前缀
1:表示“否定或逆转”
de- defeat defend define deform
dis- disappear disagree disorder disgust
in- incorrect inactive incapable inaccurate inconsiderate
il- illegal illogical illiberal
im- impossible immature imperfect impatient
ir- irregular irrelevant irresponsible
mis- misuse mislead misunderstanding
non- non-stop nonsense non-violence
un- unhappy unlucky unpleasant
2:表示“时间顺序”
ex- ex-president ex-wife ex-husband
fore- foretell forehead foresee forecast
mid- middle midfield midnight midterm
post- post-war postgraduate postpone
pre- prepare prepay premature predict
re- recall repair rebuild rewrite reconstruct
3:表示“方向或位置”
ex- export exclude expel exert
in- invade include indicate indoor infect
im- import immigrate imitate impact impair impel
inter- international interactive interchange
sub- subway subsequent substandard subtitle
tele- telephone telescope telecommunication
trans- transparent transport transplant translate
4:表示“程度、大小或差别”
macro- macroeconomics
micro- microscope Microsoft micro-oven
mini- minibus miniskirt minimum
over- overwork overuse overhear
super- supermarket superpower superb superstar
under- underdeveloped underestimate underline undermine
vice- vice-president vice-principal
5:表示“数量”
bi- bicycle bimonthly bilingual bilateral
kilo- kilometer kilogram kilohertz kilowatt
mono- monolingual monologue monopoly
multi- multiple multimedia multifunctional multinational
semi- semifinal semiconductor semiconscious
tri- triangle tricycle triple trilateral
uni- unicycle unique universal uniform unilateral
6:变换词类的前缀
be- befriend belittle behead
en- enable endanger enjoy enlarge endear encourage enrich ensure enforce em- embrace employ embitter embody embezzle
常见的词根
1: audi =hear
audience auditorium audible audition
2: ced (cess)=go
precede proceed process successor successive recede exceed excess
3: cept =take
except exception exceptional accept acceptance acceptable
intercept reception deception concept conception receptive
4: circ =ring
circle encircle semicircle circular circulate circulation circumstance
5: clud (clus) =close,shut
exclude exclusive include inclusive conclude conclusion seclude secluded
(decide ,decisive , decision)
6: cord =heart
record recorder concord concordant accord accordant discord discordant 7: cred =believe, trust
credit credible discredit incredible credulous incredulous
8: cur (curs, cour) =run
occur occurrence current currency course concur recurrent recur
9: dict (dic) =say
contradict dictate predict prediction indicate indication dictionary
10: duc (duct) =lead
educate introduce introduction conduct product reduce reduction deduce
11: fer =bring, carry
conference confer differ different offer prefer preferable transfer defer
12: fus = pour
refuse refusal confuse confusion transfuse transfusion
13: ject =throw
project inject reject rejection interject subject subjective object
objective abject adjective eject
14: log =speak
dialogue dialog apology apologize monologue logic
15: medi = middle
immediate immediately medium multimedia intermediate medieval Mediterranean medicine
16: memor = memory
memory memorize memo memorable memorial commemorate remember misremember 17: mini =small, little
minimum minimize diminish minus minor miniskirt minority
18: miss (mit) =send
missile dismiss emit promise compromise commit submit
19: mot =move
motion motive motivate promote promotion demote remote
20: pel =push, drive
propel expel repel repulsion repulsive dispel compel impel
21: pend (pens) =hang
depend dependent independent suspend suspense suspension append depend dependable 22: port =carry
portable porter import export transport
transportation report support supportive sport
23: pos =put
expose compose composition composer propose proposal oppose opposite
dispose disposal pose position purpose deposit
24: rupt =break
rupture interrupt interruption disrupt bankrupt corrupt erupt eruption
25: sent (sens) =feel
sense sensation sentimental consent consensus resent sensible sensitive
nonsense assent sentence
26: sist = stand
resist resistant consist consistent assist assistant exist existent insist insistent persist persistent 27: spect (spec) =look
spectacle prospect inspect expect respect suspect suspicious spectator
special specify specific speculate
28: tain (ten, tin) =hold
contain obtain sustain maintain continue continual certain
continuous attain mountain fountain Britain curtain
29: tend (tens, tent) = stretch
extend extension extensive (extended family) extent (~ reading) attend
attendant attention attentive content contest contestant (participant) tend tent tension tense pretend intend intensive (~ reading)
30: tract =draw
tractor attract attractive contract abstract ( concrete ) extract
subtract distract distraction distracted distracting
31: ven =come
invent invention prevent prevention conventional event eventual
32: vert (vers) = turn
advertise anniversary divert diverse diversify diversity revert reverse
introvert extrovert convert versatile controversial invert avert
33: vis (vid) =see
vision visible visit advise advisable revise supervise visa evident
evidence provide video