中国文化关键词
中国古代传统文化翻译-中国特色词汇英语翻译
1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival
2. 刺绣：embroidery
3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival
4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day
5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting
6. 书法：Calligraphy
7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets
8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11. 战国：Warring States
12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl
14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department
15. 集体舞：Group Dance
16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau
17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals
18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day
19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate
20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture
21. 附属学校：Affiliated school
22. 古装片：Costume Drama
23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie
24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling
25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems
26. 火锅：Hot Pot
27. 四人帮：Gang of Four
28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs
29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)
32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West
33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34. 针灸：Acupuncture
35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37. 偏旁：radical
38. 孟子：Mencius
39. 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic
40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41. 火药：gunpowder
42. 农历：Lunar Calendar
43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp
44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47. 太极拳：Tai Chi
48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child
49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing
50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51. 红双喜：Double Happiness
52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor
53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)
54. 莲藕：Lotus Root
55. 追星族：Star Struck
56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum
57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off
59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck
60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker
62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves
63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit
64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution
66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match
68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures
70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"
1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses）
八卦 trigram
阴、阳 yin, yang
道 Dao（cf. logo）
江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits’ world） e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)
道 Daoism（Taoism）
上火 excessive internal heat
儒学 Confucianism
红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology
世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world）
大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on „
合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial）
国庆节 National Day
中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival
春节 Spring Festival
元宵节 Lantern Festival
儿童节 Children’s Day
端午节 Dragon Boat Festival
妇女节 Women’s Day
泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
五四青年节 Youth Day
3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）
馄饨 wonton
花卷 steamed twisted rolls
套餐 set meal
盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
米豆腐 rice tofu
魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
米粉 rice noodles
冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
粉丝 glass noodles
豆腐脑 jellied bean curd
4 、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）
中国电信 China Telecom
中国移动 China Mobile
十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
中国电脑联网 Chinanet
三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
希望工程 Project Hope
京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
安居工程 Economy Housing Project
扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
禅宗 Zen Buddhism
禅 dhyana; dhgaya
混沌 chaos
道 Daosim, the way and its power
四谛 Four Noble Truth
八正道 Eightfold Path
无常 anity
五行说 Theory of Five Elements
无我 anatman
坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
空 sunyata
虚无 nothingness
双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)
小品 witty skits
相声 cross-talk
噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
夜猫子 night people; night-owls
本命年 this animal year of sb.
处世之道 philosophy of life
姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）
还愿 redeem a wish (vows)
6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
大陆中国 Mainland China
红色中国 socialist China
四化 Four Modernizations
终生职业 job-for-life
铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
大锅饭 communal pot
关系户 closely-related units
外出打工人员 migrant workers
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
7 、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）
宣纸 rice paper
衙门 yamen
叩头 kowtow
孔子Confucius
武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）
功夫 kungfu ；kung fu
中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）
中和 harmony (zhonghe)
孝顺 to show filial obedience
孝子 dutiful son
家长 family head
三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
八股文 eight-legged essays
多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age
8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
基层监督 grass-roots supervision
基础税率 base tariff level
婚介所 matrimonial agency
婚外恋 extramarital love
婚纱摄影 bride photo
黑心棉 shoddy cotton
机器阅卷 machine scoring
即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
价格听证会 public price hearings
甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
家政服务 household management service
加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
假帐 accounting fraud
叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
矫情 use lame arguments 借调 temporarily transfer
渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive
外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises
下岗职工 laid-off workers
分流 reposition of redundant personnel
三角债 chain debts
素质教育 education for all-round development
豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
社会治安情况 law-and-order situation
民族国家 nation state
“台独” "independence of Taiwan"
台湾当局 Taiwan authorities
台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots
台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 西部大开发 Development of the West Regions
可持续性发展 sustainable development
风险投资 risk investment
通货紧缩 deflation
扩大内需 to expand domestic demand
计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )
网络空间 cyberspace
虚拟现实 virtual reality
网民 netizen ( net citizen )
电脑犯罪 computer crime
电子商务 the e-business
网上购物 shopping online
应试教育 exam-oriented education
学生减负 to reduce study load
总裁助理 assistant president
综合治理 comprehensive treatment
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化 information-based; informationization
智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive
外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises
下岗职工 laid-off workers
分流 reposition of redundant personnel
素质教育 education for all-round development
通货紧缩 deflation
扩大内需 to expand domestic demand
计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )
下海 plunge into the commercial sea
下网 off line
小康之家 well-off family; comfortably-off family
新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star
新新人类 New Human Being ; X Generation
形象小姐 image representative of a product or a brand
虚拟网 virtual net
学生处 students" affairs division
研究生毕业证 / 学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree"sdiploma
摇钱树 cash cow
以人为本 people oriented; people foremost
义务教育 compulsory education
易拉罐 pop can
应试教育 examination-oriented education system
舆论导向 direction of public opinion
运球 dribble
在职博士生 on-job doctorate
早恋 puppy love
招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office
证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange
知识产权 intellectual property rights
中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student
中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone
专卖店 exclusive agency; franchised store
自我保护意识 self-protection awareness
综合国力 comprehensive national strength
综合业务数字网 integrated service digital network (ISDN)
公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open
好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster
黄金时段 prime time
假唱 lip-synch
劲射 power shot
拉拉队 cheering squad
来电显示电话机 caller ID telephone
论文答辩 (thesis) oral defense
泡沫经济 bubble economy
票贩子 scalper, ticket tout
拳头产品 competitive products; knock-out products;blockbuster
三角恋爱 love triangle
三维动画片 three-dimensional animation
"扫黄"/"打非" eliminate pornography and illegalpublications
申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games
实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinesenation 市场疲软 sluggish market
素质教育 education for all-around development
筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment
脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road toprosperty 网吧 Internet bar
网恋 online love affair
网上冲浪 surf the Internet
网上交易平台 online trading platform
无人售票 self-service ticketing
无绳来电显示电话 cordless telephone with caller ID
无线应用协议 WAP （ wireless application protocol ）
商品的分类
1.frozen food 速冻食品
2.dairy products 牛产品
3.packaged foods 包装食品
4.cleaning supplies 清洁用品
5.personal-care supplies 个人护理用品
7.car-care products 汽车护理用品
8.yard-care products 庭院护理用品
1.Convienience store便利店
2.Grocery store小卖部
3.Supermarket超市
4.Drug store药店
5.Department store商场
6.Discount store打折店
7.Factory outlets厂家直销点
8.Specialty shop专卖店
9.Shopping mall/shopping center购物中心
1. dish 碟子
2. silverware 银器
3. cooking utensils 厨具
4. pots 壶
5. pans 锅
6. .Hardware department:
7. tool 工具
8. paint 涂料
9. light-fixture 灯饰
10. home improvement products 家庭装修用品
11. sewing machine 缝纫机
12. washer 洗碗机
13. dryer 烘干机
14. refrigerator 冰箱
15. vacuum sweeper 吸尘器
16. water heater 热水器
17. washing machine 洗衣机
18. air conditioner 空调
19. electric cooker 电炉
20. microwave oven 微波炉
21. pressure cooker 高压锅
22. kettle 水壶
23. chopping board 切菜板
24. trunner 锅铲
25. cleaver 切肉刀
26. executive desk 办公桌
27. photocopier 复印机
28. laser printer 激光打印机
29. floppy disk 软盘
30. fax machine 传真机
31. appointment book 记事簿
32. stapler 订书
33. filig box 档案分类箱
34. clip 纸夹
35. stationery cabinet 文具柜
36. stereos/High-Fi 高保真音响
37. 积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories)
38. 基因工程 genetic engineering
39. 基因突变 genetic mutation
40. 基因图谱 genome; Gene chip (DNA microarray
41. 绩优股 blue chip
42. 集约经营 intensive operation
43. 记帐式国债 book-entry T-bonds
44. 记帐式国库券 inscribed treasury bond
45. 记者席 press box
46. 记者招待会 press conference
47. 家政服务 household management service
48. 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
49. 集资房 houses built on the funds collected by the buyers
50. 加班 work extra shifts
51. 嘉宾 distinguished guest, honored guest
52. 假动作 "deception, feint"
53. 价格浮动范围 price-float range
54. 价格听证会 public price hearings
55. 加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials
56. 甲骨文 oracle bone in**ions
57. 加快市场步伐 accelerate the marketization; quicken the pace of marketization
58. 假冒伪劣产品 counterfeit and shoddy products
59. 加密 encrypt