一般过去时和复合不定代词

八年级上英语第一单元 一般过去时

一．目标展示。朗读下面的句子，并注意划线的部分。 二．一般过去时的用法

㈠ 基本用法

1. 表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday ，last week ，a moment ago，in 1949等表示过去的时间状语连用。 Eg: What did you have for breakfast this morning?

The police stopped him on his way home last night.

2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频率的状语 连用。 Eg: Last term we often played basketball

三．一般过去时的结构

㈠ 含Be 动词的一般过去时的结构

肯定句：主语 + was / were + 其他成分. （注意was / were的选取） 否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 其他成分.

一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 其他成分？（注意肯定及否定回答） Eg: He was late for school yesterday.

He was not late for school yesterday.

---Was he late for school yesterday? ---Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. ㈡ 含实义动词的一般过去时的结构

注意：① prefer的过去式为preferred ；

② travel的过去式为travelled （美式英语）/ traveled（英式英语）

2. 基本结构

肯定句：主语 + 动词的过去式 + 其他成分.

否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他成分.

一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分？（注意肯定、否定回答） Eg: He played basketball yesterday afternoon.

He didn't play basketball yesterday afternoon.

---Did he play basketball yesterday afternoon? ---Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

四．时间标志词

在一般过去时的句子中，常会有一些表示过去的时间状语，归纳如下：

1. 用一个具有过去意义的名词表示时间状语。Eg: yesterday、the day before yesterday 。

2. “last + 时间名词”表示时间状语。Eg: last Monday、last year。

3. “时间名词 + ago”表示时间状语。Eg: a week ago、five minutes ago。

4. When引导的过去状语从句表示时间状语。

Eg: when they were young、when he came home。

除了以上四种表示过去的时间状语外，常用的还有just now、

the other day、in1980、in the past、at the age of...、in the old days等。 课堂练习：

TaskI: 写出下列动词的过去式。

1. go _________ 2. enjoy _________ 3. buy __________

4. eat _________ 5. get __________ 6. walk _________

7. take ________ 8. dance ________ 9. write _________

10. run _________ 11. swim ________ 12. find _________

13. begin _______ 14. eat ________ 15. play _________

16. study ________ 17. be _________ 18. do ___________ TaskII: 句型转换。 否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：______________________________________

肯定/否定回答：______________________________________

特殊疑问句：______________________________________

2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：______________________________________

肯定/否定回答 ：______________________________________

特殊疑问句：______________________________________

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：______________________________________

肯定/否定回答：______________________________________

特殊疑问句：______________________________________

4. Last week I read an English book.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：______________________________________

肯定/否定回答：____________________________________

5. My brother was in the park just now.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：______________________________________

TakIII: 改错题。

1. How is Jane yesterday? _______________________________

2. He go to school by bus last week. _______________________

3. He often goes home at 6:00 last month. __________________

4. I can fly kites seven years ago. _________________________

5. Did you saw him just now? ____________________________

6. Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. _______________________

7. I didn’t my homework yesterday. _______________________

8. He wait for you three hours ago.________________________

9. Who find it just now? ________________________________

10. I see my friend Linda waiting for the bus just now. _________

TaskIV: 单项选择。

1. ---What time ________ you ________ up yesterday morning?

---I got up at 6 o'clock.

A. did; get B. does; get C. did; got D. were; get

2. ---What ________ to your sister this morning?

---She ________ off her bike and hurt her leg.

A. happen; fall B. happened; fall C. happens; falls D. happened; fell

3. ---________ your brother ________ a letter to?

---His friend in France.

A. Who; wrote B. What; write C. Who did; write D. What did; write

4. Mary went out and ________ around, but she ________ nothing.

A. looked; saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find

5. I ________ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser?

A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write

6. At first, I ________ the No. 3 Bus, and then I walked here.

A. take B. took C. takes D. taking

7. He ________ a handbag and then ran away quickly.

A. stealing B. steal C. stole D. steals

8. She ________ her homework and then helped her mother with housework.

A. do B. did C. done D. does

9. I ________ for it everywhere, and at last I ________ it in the box.

A. look; find B. looked; found C. looked; find D. look; found

10. ---What did the teacher say just now?

---He ________ us not to play computer games all day.

A. told B. say C. ask D. said

TaskV: 根据汉语提示完成句子（每空一词）。

1. ——上周六他们做什么了？

——他们做作业和购物了。

---What ________ they ________ ________ Saturday?

---They did their homework and went shopping.

2. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？

Why ________ you ________ TV last night?

3. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。

When he ________ the classroom, he ________ a watch on the ground.

4. 昨天我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。

My father ________ a bike ________ me yesterday.

5. 三天前我收到了你的来信。

I heard ________ you three days ________.

6. ——他什么时候出生的？

——1980年。

---When ________ he ________?

---________ 1980.

7. Mary喜欢看书，她昨晚看了一本关于历史的书。

Mary ________ reading books. She ________ a book on history last night.

8. 刚才我游泳去了。

I went to swim ________ ________.

TaskVI:用动词的适当形式填空。

1. My brother and I ____________________(read) newspapers at 9:30 last night.

2. I _________ to the Foreign Language Bookshop last Sunday. (go)

3. Yesterday I ___________(meet) my good friend in the street.

4. A little bird _________________(fly) into our classroom yesterday.

5. They ___________(buy) some books in the Book City last Saturday.

6. The woman always __________(carry) a baby in her arms.

7. What ______he ______（do ）at nine o'clock last night?

8. They ______（listen ）to the music at that time.

9. She ______（make ）the paper flowers the whole night.

TaskVII:根据提示用完整的句子回答下列问题。

1. Did you water the flowers?

2. Did your brother clean the room?

3. Were you afraid when we were not here?

4. Were Amy and you happy with your grandparents last Sunday?

5. Did Tom have a good time in Shenzhen?

课后练习：

一、 按要求写词语。

1. go(过去式 2. swim(过去式

3. were(原形 4. drive(过去式

5. watch(第三人称单数 6. have(过去式7. teach(过去式 8. studied(原形

9. wrote(原形 10. ran(原形

11. read(过去式 12. go(第三人称单数

13. met(原形 14. wash(第三人称单数

15. stop(过去式 16. stand(过去式

17. cry(第三人称单数 18. stay(第三人称单数

19. cost(过去式 20. speak(过去式

二、 用所给动词的正确形式填空。

(be) very sad this morning.

(not be) late for school.

(play) chess.

(make) a model plane just now.

复合不定代词用法和练习

复合不定代词的用法：

不指明替代某个(些) 人、某个(些) 事物的代词叫不定代词。由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one ，-body ，-thing 连用，构成复合不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。

一、复合不定代词的指代对象

1、含-body 和-one 的复合代词只用来指人，含-body 的复合不定代词与含-one 的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body 时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one 时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如： Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。

2、含-thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如：

Are you going to buy anything?你会去买东西吗？

二、复合不定代词的属格

1、含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词可有-’s 属格形式。如：

Everybody ’s business is nobody’s business.大家的事情没人管。 Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗？

2、含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词后跟else 时，-’s 属格应加在else 之后。如：

Can you remember someone else’s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗？

3、含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-‘s 属格形式。

三、复合不定代词的数

1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？

Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 （none 做主语时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数）

四、复合不定代词的替代问题

由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。

1、含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词，其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-‘s 属格形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers。如：

Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他（她）自己的说辞。

但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。如：No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票，是吗？

2、含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it 。如：

Something goes wrong, doesn’t it?出问题了，是吗？

五、复合不定代词的定语

复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如：

Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？

六、含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别

由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something 和anything ；someone 和anyone ；somebody 和anybody ）之间的区别跟some 和any 的区别一样。

1、something ，someone ，somebody 通常用于肯定句中，而anything ，anyone ，anybody 一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：

He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。 Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说吗？

I can’t meet anybody on the island. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。

2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something ，someone ，somebody 等复合不定代词。如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃的东西吗？

3、当anything 表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone ，anybody 表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：

Anything is OK. 什么都行。

Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。

七、复合不定代词的否定

1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如：

Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。

The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。

2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：

He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。

= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.

You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？ = You have called no one/nobody up, have you?

八、复合不定代词作名词

复合不定代词可以充当名词用，表示“„„的事情（东西或人）”。

1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意为“最重要的人”，no one/nobody则意指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。例如：

2、something ，anything 的意义是“重要事情（东西）”，everything 表示“最重要的事情（东西）”，nothing 则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。

九、合与分的区别问题

1、 someone ，anyone ，everyone 都只能指人，且不和介词of 连用；some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of 连用。例如：

Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。

---Which toy would you like? ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具？---随便。

2、no one（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of 连用；none “没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如：

No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。

None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。

回答who 引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用

none 。例如：

---Who was late ? ---No one. ---谁迟到了？---谁也没有迟到。

---How many pigs do you keep? ---None. ---你养几头猪？---一头也没养。

在谚语中出现的复合不定代词

1．Everybody ’s business is nobody’s business. 人人管等于没有人管。

2．Everybody ’s friend is nobody’s friend. 每个人的朋友就不是任何人的朋友。

3．Everything is good for something. 是东西都有用处。

4．Everything has two sides. 事物都有两面性。

5．He who has no conscience has nothing. 没有良心的人一无所有。

6．Nothing succeeds like success. 一事成功，事事成功。

7．Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

8．Money isn’t everything. 钱不是万能的。

9．To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀

10．Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好，朋友是老的好。

复合不定代词练习题：

一、选择题：

( ) 1. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat.

A. anything B. something

C. everything D. nothing

( ) 2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself?

—No, I have ______ to say.

A. something; everything

B. nothing; something

C. everything; anything

D. anything; nothing

( ) 3. Why not ask ______ to help you?

A. everyone B. someone

C. anyone D. none

( ) 4. Everything ______ ready. We can start now.

A. are B. is C. be D. were

( ) 5. There’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK.

A. anything wrong B. wrong something

C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing

( ) 6. —The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. —But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ______.

A. everybody B. somebody

C. anybody D. nobody

( ) 7. She listened carefully, but heard ______.

A. anyone B. someone

C. everyone D. nothing

( ) 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.

A. everything B. anything

C. something D. nothing

( ) 9. —Everyone is here today, ______?

—No, Han Mei isn’t here. She’s ill.

A. isn’t it B. isn’t he

C. are they D. isn’t everyone

( ) 10. Everything goes well, ______?

A. is it B. isn’t it

C. do they D. doesn’t it

（ ）11. ________ of us is active in English class.

A. Every B. Every one

C. Everyone D. Anybody

（ ）12. — The exam was difficult, wasn't it?

— No，but I don't think______ could pass it.

A. somebody B. anybody

C. nobody D. everybody

二、用something, anything, anyone, nothing, everything, no one, every one填空。

1. —Look! Can you see_____ behind the tree?

—Yes, I think it’s a cat.

2. —Do you know _____ in the store?

—Sorry, I don’t know them.

3.______ is in the room. It’s empty(空的) 。

4. This was my first time in Wuhan, so_______ was really interesting.

5. —Could you give me______ to drink?

—Sure ！Here you are.

6. — Kangkang, is______ here today?

—No, Jim isn’t here. He is in hospital.

7. —Jim! Can you see the words on the blackboard?

—Sorry! I can see _______.

三、写出与some, any, every构成的复合词。

答案：

一、BDBBC/ADABD/BD

二、1.anything 2.anyone 3.No one 4.everything 5.something 6.everyone 7.nothing