2012年河南专升本公共英语语法复习

2012年河南专升本公共英语语法复习

1、一致性

用and 连接的单数主语，前面有each,every,manya, no 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。附属主语与each 连用时，应不受each 的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。 Each pen and each paper is found in its place.

Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way.

Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

The old workers and the young each have their own tools.

9. 表示重量，度量，衡量及价值的复数名词作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式： Twenty miles is a long way to go.

10. 国家，单位，书报名称，作为一个单一概念，其谓语动词用单数形式： War and Peace is the longest book I have read.

General Motors has closed down a plant.

11.ther be 结构中，谓语动词的单复数一般采用就近原则：

There is a desk and four benches in the office.

There are 2 chairs and a desk in the room.

2、平行结构

1某些特定的固定结构:

Prefer A to B

Prefer doing A to doing B

Prefer to do A rather than do B

He would rather die than give up.

I would as soon stay at home as go.宁可… 也不

Part Nine从句

I. 状语从句

1. 地点状语从句

(常由where wherever 引导.)

Where there is great love, there are always miracles. 哪里有伟大的爱, 哪里就有奇迹.

Where there is life, there is hope. 只要有生命, 就有希望.

Where there is oppression, there is resistance. 哪里有压迫, 哪里就有反抗.

2. 时间状语从句 (引导词:when / while / as / whenever / before / after / until / till / since / ever since / as soon as / once )

As soon as man is born, he begins to die. 出生之时, 死亡之始.

Life is half spent before we know what it is. 我们知道生活是什么时, 它已经过去一半了.

In +动名词也表示时间概念，相当于when ,while 引导的从句，in 含有when ,while的意思：

In gong through the forest, he found a lot of rare plants.

No sooner…than, hardly(scarcely)…when:这两个词组表是主句动作语从句动作随即发生，“一…就“，主句动词用过去完成时，从句动作用一般过去式；如果No sooner，hardly(scarcely) 谓语句首，主句要倒装：

No sooner had he entered the house, than it began to rain.

He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.

1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while 。

Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark. 信念是鸟, 它在黎明还在黑暗之时感觉到了光明.

3）从句表示" 随时间推移" 连词能用as ，不用when 或while 。

I love you more and more each day as time goes by. 日子一天天过去, 我愈发爱你..

2. 条件状语从句

If 表示正面的条件，unless 表示反面的条件：除非，如果不

重点：在条件状语从句，常用一般时表示即将发生的动作

The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.

有些连接词也用于条件状语从句：providing, provided that, supposing that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case,意思是：如果， 只要，假设，在… 条件下：

Supposing that you fail a second time, don't get disappointed, but try again.

Only if ,if only的区别：

Only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意思是：只要；,if only 引导的从句用虚拟语气，意思是：但愿，要是 …就好了。

3．原因状语从句（because ，since ，as, for）

1) The engine stopped running because the fuel was finished.

2) As the day was fine, they decided to go on a trip.

3) Since yoy are free today, you had better help me with my homework.

4) There must be no one in the house for the door is closed.

重点：1)seeing (that),now (that),considering(that): “鉴于某个事实“： He finished his task very well, considering (that) it was quite difficult.

2) in that = because, 但它引导的从句不能放在句首：

The machines made in Japan are better than those made in China in that they use less fuel.

3) not…because:本结构中not 否定的是because 引导的整个从句：

The country is not strong because it is large.国强不在大。

4．让步状语从句although,though,even if, even though, no matter how （what ，when, which, who, where ）, whatever,wherever,whoever,whichever,whenever,however = no matter what，where, who, when,which,how

让步状语从句的倒装（重点）

句型：形容词（副词，动词，名词，过去分词）+ though(as, that)+主语+谓语

1）Bravely though we fought, we had no chance of winning.

2)Smart as he was, he was not able to solve the problem.

3) Child that he was, he could speak English well.

5. 方式状语从句

1) As ,just as:

In the early days, people could not count as we do now.

Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.

2) As if ,as though:

It looks as if it is going to rain.

6．比较状语从句:as…as, not so…as, the … the…

Sound does not travel so fast in gases as in liquids.

The higher the plane flies, the thinner the air is.

7．目的状语从句 so that, in order that ;lest, for fear that, in case以防，以免:

We must hurry lest we should miss the bus.

Phone me in case you meet problems

8、结果状语从句 so…that, such…that

The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.

It’s such a heavy box that nobody can move it.

II. 定语从句. 重点讲as 在定语从句中的用法：as 在定语从句中引导限制性和非限制性定语从句；as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置。