高中被动语态
教学步骤与详细内容附后 教学主管签字: ___________ 日期: 年 月 日
给家长的温馨提示
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3、 好的开始是成功的一半,学生第二次课后,榜样教育专家教师会为您孩子做
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衷心祝福您孩子在榜样教育成为做人做事及学习的榜样
榜样教育教学教研部
请及时督促孩子完成每天的家庭作业,配合老师帮助孩子快乐充实成长每一天。 学生第一次课后,榜样教育专家教师会及时反馈学生的上课情况,并给予学习建议。 一个科学合理的全程辅导方案。 阶段性教育结束前,榜样教育专家教师与其他教育专家会时常召开研讨会、综合分析您孩子前一阶段的学习情况,争取帮助您的孩子更进一步。 一切为了孩子,为了孩子的一切。我们将教会您孩子感恩做人,爱心做事。榜样教育教师承诺,把每一堂课当为生命中最精彩的课,让每一堂课成为孩让他成为一个成绩优异,素质全面的精英。 子最快乐最有收获的一堂课。
英语被动语态
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
二、被动语态的构成
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如:
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)
三、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示:
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意: They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
四. 被动语态的基本用法
1.需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。
Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away.
阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。
2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,应使用被动语态。
The problem has to be dealt with right now.
这个问题必须马上处理。
3.当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。
It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃.
据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。
特别记住:这一类用法的句型还有:
It is believed that... 据信,大家相信
It is known that... 众所周知
It is supposed that... 大家认为
It is suggested that... 据建议,有人建议
It must be remembered that... 务必记住
It is taken for granted that... ……被认为理所当然
五、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)
1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done)
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
2.一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。。 4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。 5.现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。 6.过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚
六、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:
1、 系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有:
① be动词
② ……起来(7个):look/seem/appear, feel(感觉,摸起来), sound, smell, taste
e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.
③ (逐渐)变得/变成:become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g. His wish has come true. The tree is growing tall.
④ 保持:keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 2、不及物动词happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take
3. 某些静态动词不用于被动语态
英语有些静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态,如以下各句均不能变为被动语态:
My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。
3、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
○4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。 ○5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 ○
○7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。
8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。 ○9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 ○
10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久(不耐久) ○
4、某些动词的进行时可表示被动,如:The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮着。
5、主动形式表示被动意义。
1) 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义,如:look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等。 eg:Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.
2) 动名词的主动形式表被动语态,如:want,deserve,need,require,take,worth等。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。 The children need looking after. 孩子们需要照顾。
3) 某些做表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表被动意义。
The conversation is hard to understand. 这个对话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish. 鱼不容易上钩。
6. 宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语,所以当它们用作动词宾语时,句子不能转换成被动语态:
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
He could see himself in the mirror. 他在镜子中可以看到自己
七.含有双宾语的句子的被动语态
有一些动词如give, buy等,后面常跟两个宾语--直接宾语和间接宾语;通常直接宾语指 物,间接宾语指人;指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。例如:
例:①She gave me a book.= She gave a pen to book.
→I was given a book by her.
→A book was given to me by her.
②My father bought me a MP3.= My father bought a MP3 for me.
→I was bought a MP3 by my father.
→A MP3 was bought for me by my father.
将这些带双宾语的动词背下来:
1.动词后加to的:
give 给 show 给……看 send 寄 bring 带…… pass 递给……
lend……借给 leave 留给…… hand…… 交给 tell 告诉 return 归还
write 写给…… throw 扔…… promise 答应 refuse 拒绝……
2.动词后加for的:
pay 付钱给……, buy 买, sing 给……唱歌, make 制,做,
do 做, get 得到
注意:所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带to的动词,包括感官 动词see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役动词make, let, have和动词help,在变为被动语态时,还要把to加上。
被动语态的五个重要考点 1.将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题
1. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
解析:主语是all the employees(复数) ,而不是the manager,排除答案A和C;又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系,要用被动语态,排除B,故选D。
2. A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
解析:a library是offer的承受者,要用被动语态,排除B和D;又因主语(library) 是单数,排除C;故选A。注意:with five thousand books是a library是定语。
2.将语态与倒装结合起来命题
Only after my friend came ______.
A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
解析:因the computer与repair是被动关系,排除A;又因only加状语置于句首,要用部分倒装,排除选项D和B;故选C。
3.将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度
Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.
A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of
解析:由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知,good care与take是被动关系,排除A和B;选项C中又漏掉了of;故选D。
4.在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题
1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
解析:因people与persuade是被动关系,排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时,条件句中用一般现在时,所以选D。
2. Hundreds of jobs ______if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost
解析:因lose与jobs是被动关系,排除A和D;又因条件状语从句是一般现在时,主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时,故选B。
3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______each year.
A. were washed away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
解析:因good earth(沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系,排除C;又因quantities of…作主语,谓语动词用复数,排除B;指近阶段(近些年) 正在发生的事,用现在进行时,排除A;故选D。
4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ______ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
解析:由is和for weeks可知,要用现在完成时态,排除B和C;又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系,要用被动语态,所以选D。
5. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?
—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
解析:因为I与invite是被动关系,又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前,got married是过去,invite就该是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态,只有C正确。
6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
解析:因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用,所以由by 2006可排除A和B;又因为work与complete是被动关系,所以要被动语态,只有C正确。
7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
解析:you与run over是被动关系,选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态,故选B。 英语时态语态练习30题
1. The sun ________ in the east.
A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises
2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.
A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved
5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling
6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”
A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed
7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.
A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw
8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows
10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party.
A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing
11. Where ________ ?
A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work
12. I think this question ________ to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B
13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?
A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used
14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read
15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing
16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped
17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .
A. is washing it now B. washes it
C. is washing them now D. washes them now
18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television.
A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched
19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
20. Look at John! What ________ ?
A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do
21. It ________ hard when I left my house.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
22.The railway ________ in three years.
A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed
23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your father ________ .
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
24. ----- What are you doing under the table?
----- I ________ to find my pen.
A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying
25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.
A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to
26. How many people does the doctor know ________ of the disease?
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
27. He ________ thin.
A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got
28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins
29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing
30. I ________ my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
练习二
1. In some countries, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980.
A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place
3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years.
A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out
4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______.
A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die
C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die
5. -Do you like the skirt ?
-It _______ soft.
A. is feeling B. Felt C. feels D. is felt
6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who ________ for ?
A. are you waiting B. did you wait
C. were you waiting D. do you wait
7. _____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says
8. -I want to sit at the table near the window.
-Sorry , ______ already.
A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken
9. The letter _______ three days ago and it ______ yesterday.
A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived
C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived
10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given B. will be given
C. would have given D. would be given
11. Water ______ into ice.
A. will change B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed
12. Plays ______ twice a month in that theatre.
A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on
练习三 语法填空
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.
(find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay
“That would be a very village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guest,heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C
20. C 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C