认识一个真实的中国

认识一个真实的中国

——在第65届联大一般性辩论上的讲话

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝

2010年9月23日 纽约

Getting to Know the Real China

--Statement by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

At the General Debate of the 65th Session of the UN General Assembly

New York, 23 September 2010

主席先生，各位同事：

Mr. President,

Dear Colleagues,

中国是联合国大家庭中的一员，中国的发展变化受到国际社会的高度关注。我愿就如何认识一个真实的中国，谈谈我的看法。

China is a member of the big family of the United Nations, and China's development and changes have attracted worldwide attention. I wish to take this opportunity to share with you my observations on how one should get to know the real China.

中华人民共和国成立以来，特别是改革开放30多年来，中国这个古老的东方大国发生了翻天覆地的变化。国家经济实力和综合国力大为增强，人民生活显著改善，社会文

明程度大幅提升，国际交流与合作不断扩大。中国已经实现了由解决温饱到总体上达到小康的历史性跨越。

Since the founding of the People's Republic, and especially since the start of reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, profound changes have taken place in China, a big, ancient country in the East. Its economic and overall national strength has substantially increased. The livelihood of its people has markedly improved. Its social and cultural programs have made considerable progress. And its exchanges and cooperation with the outside world have kept expanding. In sum, my country has made a historic leap from mere subsistence to moderate prosperity.

中国对自己通过艰苦奋斗而取得的成就感到自豪。同时，我们对今天中国在世界上的位置和作用，也有着清醒的认识。

We in China are proud of our achievements accomplished through strenuous efforts. At the same time, we are clear-headed about our place and role in today's world. 中国国内生产总值位居世界第三，但人均水平较低，只相当于发达国家的十分之一左右。中国经济已保持30多年的快速增长，但进一步发展受到能源、资源和环境的制约。中国若干重要产品产量位居世界前列，但总体上仍处于全球产业链的低端。中国已经成为国际贸易大国，但出口产品技术含量和附加值低，核心技术仍然大量依赖进口。中国沿海地区和一些大中城市呈现出现代化的繁荣，但中西部和广大农村的不少地方仍然相当落后，还有1.5亿人口生活在联合国设定的贫困线之下。中国民生有了很大改善，但社会保障体系不健全，就业压力很大。中国社会政治生活日趋活跃，公民基本权利得到较好的维护，但民主法制还不够健全，社会不公和贪污腐败等问题依然存在。

China's GDP is the third largest in the world, but in per capita terms, it is only one-tenth of that of developed countries. China has enjoyed over 30 years of fast growth, but its further development faces energy, resources and environmental

constraints. China is a leading producer of many important products, but it remains at the lower end of the global industrial chain. China is a big trading nation, but its exports are low in technology content and value added. In many cases, we have to rely on imports to meet the demand for core technologies. China's coastal areas and some of the big and medium-sized cities thrive in modernization, but many places in the central and western regions and the vast rural areas are still rather backward, and we have 150 million people living below the poverty line set by the United

Nations. The Chinese people's livelihood has made significant improvement, but we do not yet have a full-fledged social security system, and we are confronted with high employment pressure. Our people are more and more actively engaged in the

country's social and political development, and citizens' basic rights and interests are better protected, yet our democracy and legal system still have room for

improvement and such social ills as inequity and corruption still exist.

中国现代化走到今天，先进落后并存，新旧矛盾交织，面临诸多前所未有的挑战。中国仍然处于社会主义初级阶段，仍然属于发展中国家。这就是我们的基本国情，这就是一个真实的中国。

China, which has come a long way in modernization, is fairly advanced in some areas of development but remains backward in others. And it faces unprecedented challenges brought by problems both old and new. Taken as a whole, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and remains a developing country. These are our basic national conditions. This is the real China.

中国的战略目标是到本世纪中叶，基本实现现代化。展望今后几十年，中国人民将坚定不移地沿着改革开放、和平发展的道路前进。这条道路改变了中国的命运，给全体人民带来了福祉。我们必须坚持它、完善它，而没有任何理由改变它。

China has set the strategic goal of basically achieving modernization by the middle of this century. Looking into the coming decades,the Chinese people will continue to move forward along the path of reform and opening up and peaceful development. This path has changed China's destiny and has benefited people throughout the country. We must stay on this path and make further improvement. There is no reason whatsoever for us to deviate from it.

中国将继续集中精力发展经济。发展仍然是中国的第一要务，是解决一切问题的基础。中国的发展主要依靠自己的力量。中国工业化城镇化的推进，数以亿计农民进入城镇，将创造有史以来最为巨大的国内需求，开辟极其广阔的市场和发展空间，为中国和世界经济增长提供持久而强劲的动力。中国将下大力转变经济发展方式，调整经济结构，走出一条均衡和可持续的发展道路。

China will continue to focus on developing the economy. Development is our top priority, as it constitutes the basis for addressing all issues. We will mainly rely on our own efforts in pursuing development. With the progress in China's industrialization and urbanization, hundreds of millions of farmers will move to towns and cities. This will create more domestic demand than ever, open up broad market and

development space, and serve as a powerful engine sustaining the growth of the Chinese economy and the world economy at large. We will work hard to transform the economic development pattern, restructure the economy and set out on a path of balanced and sustainable development.

中国将继续深化体制改革。我们要不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。更加注重保障和改善民生，改革收入分配制度，完善养老、医疗、失业等社会保障体系，扭转城乡、地区和贫富差距扩大的趋势，使每一个公民都能够分享改革开放和发展的成果。在深化经济体制改革的同时，要推进和搞好政治体制改革。只有这样，经济体制改革才能最终成功，现代化建设才能不断发展。我们要尊重和保障人权，维护社会公平正义，实现人的自由和全面发展，这是民主法治国家的重要标志，也是国家长治久安的基本保障。

China will continue to deepen institutional reform. We will make consistent effort to improve the socialist market economy. We will unswervingly strengthen and develop the public sector of the economy, and also unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector. We will pay greater attention to ensuring and improving people's well-being. We will further reform the income

distribution system and improve the social security system, including old-age support, medical care and unemployment benefit programs. We will endeavor to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, between different regions and between the rich and the poor. We want to make sure that each and every citizen shares the benefit of China's reform,opening up and development. While deepening economic

restructuring, we will also push forward political restructuring. Otherwise, we cannot achieve the ultimate goal of economic reform and we will lose what we have gained from our modernization drive. We respect and protect human rights, uphold social equity and justice, and strive to achieve the free and all-round development for our people. This is the important hallmark of a democratic country under the rule of law. It is also a basic guarantee for a country's lasting peace and stability.

中国将继续扩大对外开放。互利共赢，是我们必须长期坚持的开放战略。我们要遵循国际通行的规则，扩大同世界各国的经贸往来。我们要进一步改善外商投资环境，优化利用外资结构，创新对外投资与合作方式。中国致力于推动建设公正公平、包容有序的国际金融新秩序和开放自由的国际贸易体系，反对各种形式的保护主义。在中国现代化的进程中，我们不仅要在经济和科技领域继续吸收和利用世界先进的东西，而且要在社会管理和文化建设等领域大胆借鉴人类文明的成果。

China will be even more open to the world. Mutually-beneficial cooperation for win-win progress is a long-term strategy that we will stick to in opening up to the world. We will follow established international rules in expanding business ties with other countries. We will continue to improve the environment for foreign investors, optimize the

structure of foreign capital utilization and explore new ways for overseas investment and cooperation. We are committed to promoting the establishment of a fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed new international financial order and an open and free international trading regime. We are against protectionism in all its manifestations. In the course of modernization, we will not only continue to bring in and utilize advanced achievements from the rest of the world in the economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly draw upon the achievements of human civilization in the fields of social management and cultural development.

我们将继续发展教育科技。中国缩小同世界先进水平的差距，增强发展的后劲，根本靠什么？一靠教育，二靠科技。中国已经制订了发展教育、发展科技的两个中长期规划纲要。我们要着力抓好这两个规划纲要的实施，争取在2020年左右，基本建成人力资源强国和创新型国家。

China will continue to develop education, science and technology. How can China narrow the development gap with the advanced countries and enhance the

sustainability of its strong growth? I believe two things are of fundamental importance:

first, education, and second, science and technology. China has formulated

medium-and long-term development programs on education and on science and technology respectively. Going forward, we will focus our efforts on implementing these two programs and build China into a country strong in human resources and innovation by 2020.

我们将继续弘扬中华优秀文化。国家发展、民族振兴，不仅需要强大的经济力量，更需要强大的文化力量。五千年中华文明所凝结的道德和智慧，属于中国，也属于世界。我们要大力发展文化事业，加快建立与社会主义现代化建设相适应、与中华民族传统美德相承接的思想道德体系。我们尊重世界文明的多样性，加强不同文明之间的对话与交流，构建人类共有的精神家园。中华民族不仅能够创造经济奇迹，也一定能够创造新的文化辉煌。

China will continue to carry forward its fine culture. The development of a country and rejuvenation of a nation require not only great economic strength, but more

importantly great cultural strength. The moral values and wisdom drawn from the 5,000-year Chinese civilization belong not only to China but also to the world. We will vigorously develop cultural programs and accelerate the development of a moral and ethical code that is commensurate with our socialist modernization drive and consistent with the traditional virtues of our nation. We respect the diversity of

civilizations and will increase dialogue and exchanges with other civilizations to forge a common cultural bond for humanity. The Chinese nation, who has created an economic miracle, will create a new cultural splendor as well.

人类进入21世纪，世界并不太平。但靠战争最终解决问题已经过时了。和平与发展，仍然是当今世界的两大主题。

The world of the 21st century is far from tranquil, but gone are the days when

problems were ultimately settled by war. Peace and development remain the defining features of our time.

中国将坚定不移地走和平发展道路。和平发展的精髓是什么？就是争取和平的国际环境来发展自己，又以自己的发展促进世界的和平。这也是中国特色社会主义的题中应有之义。

China will stay firmly committed to peaceful development. You may ask what is the essence of peaceful development. It is to foster a peaceful international environment for our development and at the same time contribute to world peace through our development. This is something inherent in the concept of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

中国在追求自身发展的进程中，将继续以促进人类的共同发展和繁荣为己任。中国将继续寻求和扩大同世界各国的利益交汇点。中国的发展，不会损害任何人，也不会威胁任何人。中国绝不走“国强必霸”的路子。

In the course of development, China will continue to take it as its own duty to promote the common progress and prosperity of mankind. We will seek and expand

converging interests with other countries. China's development will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone. There were powers who sought hegemony once they grew strong. China will never follow in their footsteps.

中国讲友好，也讲原则，坚定不移地维护国家的核心利益。在涉及主权、统一及领土完整的问题上，中国决不退让，决不妥协。

China values friendship and also sticks to principles. It firmly upholds its national core interests. When it comes to sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity, China will not yield or compromise.

中国坚定不移地支持联合国在国际事务中发挥主导作用。中国将继续遵守《联合国宪章》，认真履行国际公约的各项义务。中国将一如既往地加强同发展中国家的合作，支持扩大发展中国家在国际事务中的发言权。中国永远是发展中国家的好伙伴、好兄弟！ China will continue to firmly support the leading role of the United Nations in

international affairs. We will, as always, abide by the UN Charter and fulfill in good faith our obligations under international conventions. We will intensify cooperation with fellow developing countries, and support their greater say in international affairs.We will remain forever a good partner and brother of developing countries. 中国的稳定和发展，有利于建设和平的国际环境，有利于建设民主的国际秩序，有利于建设繁荣的世界经济，也有利于建设和谐的文明世界。中国发展，世界机遇；中国好了，世界得利。历史将会进一步证明这一点。

China's stability and development is conducive to a more peaceful international environment, a more democratic international order,a more prosperous global economy and a more harmonious and civilized world. China's development is an opportunity to the world. And the world stands to gain from a China that is better off. History will continue to prove this.

一个和平发展的中国，一个充满活力的中国，一个敢于担当的中国，永远与世界同行。让我们携起手来，为世界的持久和平与繁荣而奋斗！

A China that develops peacefully, a China that is full of vigor and vitality and a China that is willing and ready to fulfill its responsibilities will always move forward together with the world. Let us join hands to work for a world of enduring peace and prosperity.