宾语补足语高中英语讲解及习题

宾语补足语

宾语补足语是用于补充说明宾语的成分。宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。

一、 常见的能接宾语补足语的词语

1. 使役动词

（1） 使役动词make

make用作使役动词表示“使”时，可跟复合结构，即“make +宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。

The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。

He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己让别人听到。

What makes the grass grow? 什么使得草生长？

★ 动词不定式作make 的宾语补足语时要用省略to的形式，但如果用在被动语态中，to一定不能省略。

She was made to work twelve hours a day. 她被迫每天工作十二个小时。

（2） 使役动词have

have 表示“使得„„”，其后接宾语补足语，常用于以下结构：

① have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事

② have sb. Doing sth. 使/让某人一直做某事

③ have sth. Done 使/让某事被做；遭遇某种不幸

The teacher had the little boy write on the blackboard.

老师让这个小男孩在黑板上写。

don’t have the lights burning all the night.

不要让灯整夜亮着。

He had the bike repaired yesterday.昨天他让人修了自行车。

He had his leg broken in the match. 在比赛中他摔断了腿。

（3） 使役动词 leave

leave 用作使役动词，表示“使/让„„保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、

名词、介词短语、分词作宾语补足语。

① He left the door open when he went out. 他出去时，没有关门。 ② They walked off and left me sitting there alone. 他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。

（4） 使役动词 keep

keep 用作使役动词，表示“使/让„„保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、现在分词作宾语补足语。

① Close the door to keep the room warm. 关上门让房间保持暖和。 ② You’ve kept me waiting an hour. 你已经让我等了一个小时！

（5） 使役动词 get

get 用作使役动词，表示“促使某事发生”或“使得某人做某事”，其后可跟形容词、过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语。

① She is getting the kids ready for school. 她正在让孩子们准备好去上学。

② We get the milk delivered. 我们让人把牛奶送过去。

③ Why don’t you get Mike to work as the manager? 你为什么不让迈克做经理呢？

★ get 后出现不定式短语作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to不能省略。

2、感官动词

感官动词hear、feel、listen to、look at、watch、notice、observe、smell、see等后要求用省略to的动词不定式、现在分词及过去分词作宾语补足语。用省略to的动词不定式，强调动作从开始到结束的全过程；用现在分词，强调一个主动的动作正在进行；用过去分词，强调动作是被动或完成的动作。

① Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off.

汤姆看见他的父母上了车走了。

② He was seen to drive the car at high speed on the highway yesterday. 昨天有人看见他在公路上高速开车。

③ I saw her crying when I came into the classroom.

我进教室时看见她在哭。

3、心理状态和情感类的动词

表示心理状态的动词，如think、believe、find、imagine、suppose等，以及表示情感的动词，如love、like、prefer、hate、want、wish等后面均可以跟宾语补足语。

① I find it hard to get on well with him. 我发现和他相处很难。 ② We all think it important for us to learn a foreign language. 我们都认为学习一门外语对我们来说是重要的。

4、其他动词

英语中出了上面所列的动词，另外还有allow、prove、advise、permit等动词后可以跟宾语补足语。

I think I’d advise him to leave the company. 我想我会建议他离开公司。

5、介词with

介词with后可跟宾补构成with复合结构。With复合结构在句中可以用作定语或状语，可以在其中充当宾语补足语的有：形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、名词等。

① They left the room with lights still on. 他们离开了房间，灯还亮着。

② He stepped in, with his hands in his pocket. 他双手放在口袋里走了进来。

③ The old man walked across the street with the policeman supporting him.

老人在警察的搀扶下过了街。（-ing形式表示主动/正在进行）

④ With the matter settled, we went home. （-ed形式表示被动/完成）

二、 能充当宾语补足语的成分

1、 名词

He nominated Hank ambassador to France. 他任命汉克为驻法大使。 She counted herself a fortunate wife. 她认为自己是位幸运的妻子。 ★ 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词作宾语补足语、表语、同位语时，该名词

前不加冠词。

2、 形容词

Have I made myself clear? 我的意思讲清楚了么？

3、 动词不定式

Permit me to introduce myself.允许我介绍一下自己。

Nobody noticed him enter the room. 没有人注意到他进了房间。

4、 现在分词

I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。

★ 不定式短语与现在分词短语作宾语补足语时的区别：

a 不定式短语作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，指事情的全过程已经结束

b 现在分词短语作宾语补足语时则表示动作正在进行

试比较：

Did you see anyone come out of the room? 你看见有人从房间里出来了么？

I saw someone coming out of the room. 我看见有人正从房间里走出来。

5、过去分词

You should make your views known. 你应当让别人了解你的想法。 I’ll have to get that tooth filled. 我得把那颗牙补一补。

6、 副词

Let the fresh air in. 让新鲜空气进来。

We’re having some friends in tonight. 今晚我们要请些朋友来家里。

7、 介词短语

I know you’ll be able to help me out of the difficulty.

我知道你将能帮助我克服困难。

8、 从句

We will soon make our city what your city is now.

我们不久就要将使我们的城市变成你们城市目前的样子。

宾语补足语练习题

1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.(NMET2000)

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

2. ----There’s a hole in your bag. ---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.

A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended

3. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

4. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going

5. I found the door _____ when I got home.

A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open

6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to

7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

8. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

9. I advised _____ at once.

A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start

10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.

A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating

11. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.

A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out

12. He managed to make himself with his____ English.

A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken

B. C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken

1-5 CCAAD 6-10 AACBC 11-12 BD