阅读理解-主旨大意题突破

第三讲 主旨题突破

一、提问方式：

—What’s the main idea of this passage?

—What does the passage mainly tell us?

—What has been discussed in the passage?

—Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

—The passage is mainly about ________.

—The major point discussed in the passage is __________.

—From the passage we can learn/conclude that __________.

二、解题方法：

1. 总——分——总

点明观点——阐述原因/举例论证——重申观点

提出问题——分析问题/举例论证——解决问题

(2013 河南)

Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.

For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would take someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.

Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head

teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!

Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause end effect, could you tell?

(2013 江西)

Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons for shark attacks (攻击) suggests that sharks don’t like the way humans taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite (咬). Why is this?

There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people. One opinion is that sharks are just curious (好奇的). We know that sharks are the strongest animals in their environment, so they are not afraid of anything. Naturally, that means they are curious when they meet something unusual. Because they don’t have hands or feet., the only way they can find out an object is to bite it! It is thought that sharks sometimes bite humans for this reason, and then swim away.

Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy trying to eat a human, as we have a lot of bones (骨头). It is hard for a shark to eat us because sharks don’t have hands, and they can’t pull the meat off our bones. Maybe that’s why they only bite us once. Unluckily, one bite from a large shark is serious enough to hurt people greatly!

Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. An example of this is when a shark attack attacks a surfer. A surfer lying on a surfboard looks like a seal when seen from below. Sharks like seals because they have thick fat.

Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year.

(2012 河北)

Doing homework not only can help children master the knowledge they have learned. but also can train their abilities of finishing the work alone, planning the time and doing the duties. But some children don't like to complete the work. Why? There are some reasons.

Some children feel it is very difficult to do their homework. Because they can't understand their teacher clearly, and cannot follow their teacher's teaching process (过程). Maybe there is something But some children's intelligence is normal. They are even cleverer, but they don't listen to the teacher carefully. It is hard for them to sit well and pay attention to anything. It needs to carry on the attention centralized (集中注意力) training to help the children.

Some children love their teacher and then they like the subject. Their interest depends on the teacher who teaches them. So every teacher should be helpful and kind. It can make children love you arid the subject you teach. So they can do their homework happily.

1. 总——分——总

点明观点——阐述原因/举例论证——重申观点

提出问题——分析问题/举例论证——解决问题

2. 分——总 / 总——分

◆首尾句原则（不局限于第一个和最后一个句号）

(2013 河南) 5. What is the best title for the next?

A. Truth and lies B. Work and sleep

C. Cause and effect D. Life and dreams

◆在总论点中找主旨句：注意关联词，重点在转折（but, in fact）之后。

(2012 河北) 5. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Some children don't like their teacher.

B. Children's homework is very difficult.

C. Why don't some children like to do homework?

D. Why can't some children study the subjects well?

◆for example; first; second; to begin with; on the one hand, one opinion is that等引出细节信息前面的一句话。

(2013 江西)What would the author write the passage mainly for?

A. To tell surfers to stay away from sharks.

B. To ask people to stop killing sharks.

C. To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people.

D. To show that humans are much stronger than sharks.

常见错误选项：

1. 以偏概全，只有局部信息必错。

◆是分论点的一句原文或者具体信息的必错。

◆有具体数字的选项必错。

2. 选项表述错误。

(2009 广东)

The first robots were invented in the 1920s.Robots have appeared in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and cleverer than people.

In real life, robots are mainly used in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans.

Robots also help people, for example, blind people. Today many blind people have aguide (向导) dog to help them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs.

One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever. It knows the speed of its owner's walk. The owner wears a special belt (带子). This belt sends instructions to the owner from the dog, such as "Stop here" , "Turn left" or "Turn right".

In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of themselves in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner's voice. It follows instructions such as" Turn the page "or "Make a cup of coffee".

Robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simple jobs. At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patients' rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory.

Though robots can help people in many different ways, they will never take the place of humans.

In the passage, the writer wants to tell us that___________.

A. disabled people cannot look after themselves without the robots

B. robots will take the place of humans some day in the future

C. robots can help humans in many different ways

D. they are stronger, faster and cleverer than people

注意：1.尊重原文，不要做过多延伸。2. 通常为对策或核心观点(看分论点是否为它服务的)。