英语句子成分分析 老师资料 完整

英语句子成分分析

一、句子的基本成分是： 主语、谓语、宾语、 表语。

补充成分是： 定语、状语、补语。

二、各个成分分析。

1， 主语 （Subject ）

可以作主语的有___、___、____、____、等。

Listening to music makes me feel relaxed.

吃太多对身体不好。

——————————————————

2， 谓语 （Predicate ）表示“做什么”、 “是什么”、“怎么样”。

①简单类型（及物动词，不及物动词）。

不及物：happen rise appear apologize exist come die run （不可直接

加宾语，需要介词）

The students work very hard

She apologized to me again.

The accident happened yesterday evening.

及物：visit ，buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent,

promise, raise, find

注意：是及物又是不及物的动词，有时意义很不相同。beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）, 演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt. 打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言） ★联系定语从句。

This is reason ______ he apologized.

This is the wild cat ______ he caught yesterday.

② 复合类型

A, 情态动词、助动词加不带to 的动词不定式构成的复合谓语

I’ll go and move away the bag.

You’d better catch a bus.

B, 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。Ps: 连系动词包括be 动词、 感官动

词、“保持或变成”（turn ， become ， come ， fall, get, go, grow, keep, remain, stay, prove, seem）的动词

Tim’ brother is a basketball player.

Your sister is very cute.

You look the same.

The soldiers stood ready at their post.

★ 非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别？

★ 在英语中，一个句子可以有很多动词，但中心谓语只有一个（并列句式除

外）。若有多个动词将会出现如下情况。会出现如下情况：

① 从句

He thinks that this cup was broken by Jim

The girl who is dancing is my little sister.

What I said surprised all the people at present.

Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.

When he came back, he found all family members were here.

② 非谓语

He wants to be an astronaut someday.

The deer runs quickly to escape from the leopard.

I enjoy lying on the beach, reading and listening and reading

He went into the classroom, followed by some kids.

3，宾语（object ）分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类(通常，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人)

I will return the book to you tomorrow.

Show me your new cloth.

4，表语（Predicative ） 用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。放在系动词之后。

The leaves turned yellow in autumn.

My opinion is that he should be punished.

5, 定语（Attributive ）即修饰名词或者代词的，分为前置定语和后置定语。以

下为定语后置的情况：

①修饰some ，any ，no ，every 等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置 Let’s go somewhere quiet.

There is nothing important in today's newspaper.

② 副词作定语

The people here are very friendly.

They lived in the room above.

③ 介词短语作定语

The boy in white is my classmate.

The sentences on the blackboard were written by my head teacher.

He is reading an article about how to live a healthy life.

6，状语(adverbial modifier) 说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等, 修饰动词，形容词和副词。可以由下列形式充当：

① 副词。

He went fast.

He went rather fast.

You have to speak quietly in the hospital.

② 不定式

I come specially to see you. (目的状语)

③ 介词短语

We shall meet at 8:00 am.

Anderson is playing badminton with her sister in the grassland.

④从句做状语。（时间状语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语等）

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever there is smoke, there is fire.

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.

Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.

If the singer holds a concert, I will go without hesitation.

7, 补语（complement ）分为宾补和主补。

They caught the boy stealing.

The boy was caught stealing

① 主补，即对主语的补充说明。

He was elected president.

The dog is called Luck.

The wall is painted white.

The spy was ordered to be hanged.

The criminal’s hands were kept behind his back.

② 宾补，即对宾语的补充说明。

They found it a fantastic summer resort.

I consider Bob very reliable.

She heard Jim crying in the room.

What you said made mother smile happily.

I saw the kite up and down

练习题。

1，选出句中谓语的中心词。

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

③ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ④What I want to tell you is this.

A. want B. to tell C. you D. is

⑤We had better send for a doctor.

A. We B. had C. send D. doctor

2，挑出下列句中的宾语。

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦ They made him monitor of the class.

⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

2，挑出下列句中的定语。

There is nothing wrong with the machine.

The one under the tree looks a little sad.

The answer you gave to me yesterday was wrong.

People there are quiet friendly.

3, 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语.

He could hear his heart beating fast．

They thought this good advice

We’d better leave the door open.

I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.

4, 挑出下列句中的状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.