工程造价专业英语课后习题答案

工程造价专业英语课后习题答案

一、句子翻译

1.in its specifics ,each structure is tailed to suit its environment ,arranged to perform its own particular function ,and designed to reflect personal tastes and preferences . 具体来说，每一个建筑物都要适应它周围的环境，发挥它特有的功能，反映设计者的品味和喜好。

（第三版）主编:张宜松

副主编：晏生宏 秦平新 杨云会 重庆大学出版社

并且在实际工作中通常采用这种做法。

9.Prequalification of contractors implies that selectivity will be applied to the available contractor force . 对承包商的资格预审意味着对候选的承包商进行选择。

10.When the project is located in an area 2.To some degree ,each construction project is unique ,and no two jobs are ever quite alike .从某种程度上来说，每一个建筑项目都是独一无二的，并且没有两个相同的项目。 3.It is unlikely ,that field construction will ever be able to adapt itself completely to the standardized methods and product uniformity of assembly-line production .建筑不可能完全适应标准化的方法和装配线生产的产品。

4.The objective of this approach is to treat project planning ,design ,and construction as integrated tasks within a construction system. 该团队的目标是使工程规划、设计、建设成为工程项目系统之内的整合性的工作。 5.Adherence to construction schedules and budget constraints is the CM ’s prime responsibility . 确保在进度和成本约束下完成工程是项目经理的主要责任。

6.Puring construction operations ,the CM assumes responsibility for the supervision ,coordination ,and administration of the project .在施工过程中，项目经理对工程的监督、协调、管理负有责任。

7.The extent of services to be provided by the CM can be tailored to the individual owner ’s requirements. 项目经理业务的拓展情况要依业主的要求而适时作出调整。

8.Public owners cannot ordinarily make the CM their agent ,private owners,on the other hand ,can and normally do . 非私营业主通常不允许项目经理作为其代理人，而私营业主允许

familiar to the project manager,prequalification is a simple process of calling on those contractors known to him have the capability to perform . 当工程地处项目经理所熟悉的地区时，资格预审就变成了一个简单的过程，它只需要项目经理清楚这些承包商是否具有履行项目的能力。

11.The initial step is to preparer a list of all available contractors. 第一步是准备一份包含所有可供选择的承包商的名单。

12.These questions should be popped out in casual conversation so that the contractor is relaxed and some extent disarmed .这些问题应在随意的谈话中被提出来，以便使承包商的心理放松，在某种程度上消除其疑虑。

13.This approach depends upon the project manager ’s ability and finesse to succeed . 这种方法取决于项目经理的能力和沟通技巧。 14.The purpose of the notice is to alert potential bidders in order to allow them to make the preliminary decision regarding their interest and to reserve the time and resources needed to bid. 通知的目的是提醒那些潜在的投标人以便使他们就投资收益，以及参加竞标所必需的时间和财力做初步的决定。 15.To obtain fair and meaningful bid ,which can be compared and analyzed without confusion ,it is necessary to design the bid form with clarity and specificity .为了实现公平有效的招标，可以通过冷静的比较分析，有必要设计出简洁、具体的招标程序。

16.Bid forms that are carefully prepared in this manner contribute to the simplicity of bid analysis and fairness in contract award .

这样的精心设计的招标程序有助于简化投标分析和授予合同的公平性。

17.As part of their bid submission all bidders are required to submit a bond,or the acceptable substitute for same ,to insure that the bidder will enter into a contract for the work should his bid be successful.作为投标的一部分，所有的投标人都被要求交纳保证金或是同等数额可接受的替代物，以确保投标人能够参与竞标。 18.Bidders ,including subcontractors ,should be invited to attend and clarify their interpretation of the contract documents .投标者包括分包商，应被邀请参加并且弄清楚合同文件的内容。

19.It is important to give prospective suppliers and subcontractors as much time as possible in which to prepare their own quotation. 给供应商和分包商足够的时间来准备他们的报价单，这一点很重要。

20.The more time which can be given to them to do this ,the more accurate their prices to the estimator will be . 给他们时间越充分，他们报送给造价师的报价就会越精确。

21.Though some prices will be obtained by telephone,the supplier will be requested to confirm his quotation in writing in due coarse . 尽管有些价格可以采用电话询价，但要求供应商以适当的书面形式确认他的报价。 22.As previously state, the time allowed for tendering is always limited .如前所述，投标时间通常很有限。 23.The contract documents under any building project should include ,as a minimum ,the following information .任何一个建筑项目方面的合同文件，至少应该包括如下内容。

24.Drawings will also he necessary for planning permission and building regulations approval.图纸必须符合建筑许可证的要求和建筑规范。、

25.In order to avoid any future misunderstandings,it is preferable to have a agreement between the employer and builder. 为了避免将来产生误解，业主和建筑商之间最好签订一份书面协议。

26.Their purpose is to attempt to clarify the rights and responsibilities of various contractors in the event of a dispute arising .他们的目的是在发生争议的情况下，分清不同承包商的权利和责任。

27.Though the clauses aim to be precise and explicit ,to cover any eventuality ,disagreement in their interpretation. 尽管所有的条款都清楚明了，并且包含了所有可能事件，但在合同的解释上仍然会出现分歧。

28.The parties to contract agree to take any dispute initially to arbitration rather than to court .合同双方同意把他们的争论首先提交仲裁机构而不是法庭。

29.It is always preferable to use one of the standard forms available ,rather than to devise one’s own personal form.使用现成的标准合同形式常常比设计更好。

30.Without his the contract will be unenforceable .如果没有这个印花，合同将视为无效。

31.If the actual cost of the work should exceed this figure ,the contractor absorbs the loss.如果实际工程费用超过这个数额，那么承包商承担损失。

32.The contractor is obligated to perform the quantities of work required in the field at the quoted unit less than those initially estimated by the quantity surveyor .不管最终的工程量是超过还是少于最初造价师估计的工程量，承包商都有责任完成报价中规定的工程量。

33.The final prices paid to the contractor indicated on the drawings multiplied by the quoted unit price.最终付给承包商的费用将是工程量乘以单位报价。

34.With the cost-plus-percentage -of-cost type contract will be reimbursed for its direct costs and will receive ,in addition,a percentage of the cost .在成本加百分比酬金合同中，承包商除可得到相当于工程成本的价款外，还可得到一笔按工程成本的百分比计算酬金。

35.An incentive contract provides the

contractor with an opportunity for greater financial gain based upon performance and ability to meet certain preestablished goals .在合同履约和实现预先设定目标的基础上，激励合同为承包商提供了一个获得更高利润的机会。

36.He will make allowance for such factors as differences of location,site conditions,market conditions and quality of work ,and so arrive at a provisional estimate proceeds . 不断引用成本计划是至关重要的项目完成的每个部分的细节可能调整设计或分布的成本收益的和解进程。

41.The construction staff is composed primarily of the project manager ’s on-site crew puls representatives of the owner and the architect 施工人员主要是项目经理手下的现场施工人员、业主代表以及建筑师组成。 42.On-site management personnel are assigned to the project shortly before on a comparative or interpolation basis .他会考虑比如不同地点, 现场条件、市场条件和工作质量因素, 所以到达临时估计比较或插值的基础上。

37.With blocks of offices and flats the number of storeys will have to be decided ,having regard to such matters as conditions ,type of foundation to used and constructional form and costs .块的办公室和公寓层的数量将决定使用的基础类型和结构形式和成本所考虑的条件。

38.He will also be available to give advice to the architect on any financial or contractual matters associated with the project ,including the terms and conditions of the main contract and subcontracts and on the selection of tenderers ,and will be considering his work in the preparation of the bill quantities.他也可以给建议建筑师在任何财务或合同与项目相关的问题, 包括主合同和分包合同的条款和条件选择投标人, 并将考虑他的工作准备的工程量清单。

39.Once the basic form of the building has been decided ,the quantity surveyor should prepare an approximate estimate ,in particular taking full account of shape ,numbers of storeys and the structural form. 一旦决定建筑的基本形式, 造假是应该准备一个概算, 尤其是充分考虑形状、数量的层和结构形式。

40.Continual reference to a cost plan is essential as the details of each part of the project are finalized with possible adjustments to design or distribution of costs as the process of reconciliation

ground breaking .现场管理人员在工程破土动工之前被临时指派负责工程。

43.The proper education of the owner is the key to the continuing success of project management practice. 对业主适当的培训师工程管理实践持续成功的关键。

44.Project conditions such as technical complexity ,importance of timely completion,resource limitation ,and substantial costs put great emphasis on the planning ,scheduling,and the control of construction operations. 工程情况复杂，比如技术的复杂性，适时竣工的重要性，材料的局限性，以及施工管理。

45.Procurement is initiated as soon as the design has progressed sufficiently to allow detailed purchased specification to be drawn .一旦设计进行到足以能充分地获取详细的采购计划就应着手进行采购。

46.Regardless of the variability of these procedures ,however ,one party assumes management responsibility for the field construction process. 尽管这些程序复杂易变，但是，有一方应承担施工过程的管理职责。 47.The coordination and timing of the work subcontractor is critical to the over job schedule . 分包商工作的配合和时间的把握，对于整个工程是非常关键的。

48.Disputes and claims are commonplace in the construction industry .在建筑业，争议和索赔是常事。 49.The updated diagram provides an excellent means of allocating responsibility between delaying parties and assigning the resulting financial responsibility .适时更新的进度表

为分清楚拖延工期的单位和计划最终经济责任提供了一个很好的方法。

50.Errors or oversights on the part of architect-engineer account for numerous contractor claims .许多承包商提出的索赔是由于建筑工程师的过失和疏忽所致。

51.After construction ,Quantity surveyors will be involved with settling the final account with contractor ,tax depreciation schedules ,replacement cost estimation for insurance purposes and ,if necessary or in cost control from tendering stage to the end of the project .在承包商/建筑公司工作的造价师，同时也是合同管理员，在项目管理中扮演一个重要角色，从招标阶段到项目的完成，在项目合同成本控制中起着十分重要的作用。

57.After quantity surveyors have estimated the cost of a construction ,they establish a budget and examine whether the proposed construction methods will be economical and suitable .在造价师估计了建设工程费用之后，进行工程预算并审查所提出的建筑方案是否经dispute,mediation and arbitration .工程竣工之后，造价师将要处理一些事务：与承包商进行决算，编制税收减免报表，为保险目的做重置成本估计，如果需要发生争执，进行斡旋和仲裁。 52.Quantity surveyor takes out quantities and prepare Bills of Quantities /Schedule for rates; and present detailed information on the costs of labour ,plant and materials etc. 造价师准备数量和准备建筑工程量清单，提出关于劳动成本、设备材料等详细信息等。 53.Quantity surveyors estimate and monitor construction costs ,from the feasibility stage of a project through to the completion of the construction period .从项目的可行性阶段到工程竣工，造价师对建设成本进行估计和监控。

54.In addition to new projects,Quantity surveyor also use their skills in refurbishment of old buildings ,alterations to existing buildings and insurance replacement estimates.除了新的工程项目之外，造价师也把他们的技能运用在使旧建筑翻新、项目改造和重新入保评估上。

55.The contractor ‘s quantity surveyor are usually involved in assessing tenders and may have been asked to advise on the type of contractor or special clauses in it .承包商的造价师通常参与评标，或者要求对合同类型或特别条款提供咨询。

56.Quantity surveyors employed in the construction company paly a critical role in project management ,share a significant part in the project management ,share a significant part in the project contract

济和适当。

58.When project is completed ,the quantity surveyor will carry out the final measurements of all the works actually executed by the contractor including all various project components and all subcontractors and suppliers works ,and variations claims in respect of the work .当工程完工之后，造价师将对承包商实际完成的所有工作做最后的测算，包括所有工程项目以及分包商和供应商的工程变更要求。

二、短语翻译

⏹ （一）

1. 政府机构 governmental agency 2. 承包商 contractor 3. 分包商subcontractor 4. 建筑师architect

5. 保险公司insurance company 6. 担保公司surety company

7. 材料商material dealer/supplier

8. 施工现场construction site

⏹ （二）

项目规划设计和施工project planning,

design and construction

临时设施temporary job facilities

项目预算project budget

投资和合同授予过程bidding and contract

award process

质量控制quality control

项目的监督project supervision

7. 进度款 progress payment

合同变更contract change

满足业主要求suit the individual owner's

requirements

以业主的名义in the name of the owner

◆ （三）

卷入诉讼------ be involved in litigation

公共工程------ public work

承包商的注册-- contractors’ register

某此因素------ certain factors

合同工期------ duration of contract

相对重要性---- relative importance 担保能力------ bonding capacity 现有工作任务-- current workload ⏹ （四）

投标公告notice to bidders

招标邀请函 invitation to bidders 标书格式bid forms 标书分析bid analysis 主要供应商major supplier 投标保函bid bonds

未预见情况unforeseen circumstances 质量保证期quality guarantee period 标书接收的地点和时间the time and place for the receipt of bids

警察，消防和街道代表police, fire, and street department representatives

● （五）

材料价格material price

分包商的报价subcontractor's quotation

机具设备租赁费equipment hire rates

向供应商询价enquire supplier

工程量清单bill of quantitie s 墙砖wall tiles / brick

防潮层damp-proof courses 水泥cement

粗骨料coarse aggregates

回扣discount

◆ （六）

平面布置图和立面图schematic layouts and elevations

规划许可planning permission

建筑业管理许可building regulations approval

工程质量project quality

装修工程的造价the cost of decoration projects

合同文本contract documents 合同图纸contract drawings

承包人义务contractor's obligations 指定供应商和分包商specified suppliers and subcontractors

开工和竣工时期the start and completion dates

中期付款interim payments

缺陷责任期the defects liability period

⏹ （七）

法律框架legal framework 相关各方parties concerned 标准文本standard forms 标准条款standard clauses 特殊条款special clauses

业主姓名the name of the employer 工料测量师quantity surveyor 公共机构public bodys

签名和印章signature and seal 印花税stamp duty

● （八）

投标明细或价值明细表 bid breakdown

or schedule of values

污水处理厂wastewater treatment plant 地下管线underground utility lines 道路改建roads improvements

开挖与回填excavation and backfill 筑堤embankment 延长英尺linear feet 平方英尺square feet

延期罚款条款liquidated damages clauses

for delay

工程造价construction pricing /cost of

construction

管理费和利润overhead and profit 合同管理contract administration （九）

造价师/工料测量师quantity surveyor 建筑设计阶段building design stage

可行性分析阶段feasible analysis stage 概算approximate estimate

施工图设计阶段construction drawing

design stage 建筑面积floor spac e

成本效益分析cost and profit analysis 养护费maintenance cost

Unit10

1. 确保即使付款-insures prompt payment 2. 提出和批准变更-initiates and approves changes

3. 主持现场会议-chairs job meetings 4. 谈判变更令-negotiates change orders 5. 加快验收和批准-facilitates inspection and approval

6. 评估索赔-evaluates claims

7. 深化图和样品-shop s=drawings and samples 8. 管理机电分包-manages M/E trades

subcontractors

9. 控制临时设施-control temporary facilities

10. 执行施工计划-execute construction program

11. 确认竣工图-affirm completed drawings 12. 解释合同文件-interprets contract document

13. 仲裁争端-arbitrates disputes

14监督实验程序-monitors testing procedures

◆ （十 一）

项目经理project manager

现场管理Management of construction

field

项目成本和时间控制project cost and time

control

技术复杂性technical complexity 施工方法construction methods 设计阶段design stage 材

料

替

代

material

substitute/alternatives 管理机构regulatory agency

材料和设备供应商material and equipment

suppliers

材料和设备的运输时间 the delivery times

of materials and project equipment

（十二）

总承包商the general contractor 业主the owner

影响费用impact costs

间接损失consequential damages

项目总进度计划overall project schedule 项目网络图project network 变更条款change clauses 备忘录memoranda

延迟提交索赔defer claims submission 提出索赔file a claim 《十三》

总进度计划Master schedule 项目的实施The implementation of the project 竣工验收Final acceptance 工程量表Engineering scale

实际完成工程量 The actual completion of engineering quantity

《十四》

工期索赔Claim for extension of time 费用索赔Cost claim

合同价格的变动Contract price 费用的估价The cost estimate 证明材料Materials of proof