英语作文讲义

✹ 1. 对立法：

When asked about ____, the vast/ overwhelming majority of people say that___.

But I think/view a bit differently that____.

Now it is commonly/widely believed that____. They claim/believe/ argue

that____. But I wonder/doubt whether____.

✹ 2. 现象法

Recently, the rise in the problem/phenomenon of ___ has aroused

public/popular/wide concern.

Recently the issue of _____ has been brought into focus/ brought to public

attention.

✹ 3. 观点法

History never has the change of ____as evident as_____. Nowhere in the

world/China has the issue/idea of ____being more visible/popular than___.

Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to

realize/accept/be aware that_____.

✹ 4. 引用法

“_____”is the remark made by____. It has been shared by more and more people.

“_____” How often we hear such statements/words as these.

✹ 5. 比较法

For years，____have been viewed as______. But people are taking a fresh look

now. With the growing_______, people____.

People used to think that_____. (In the past,___.) But now people share a new

idea of ____.

结尾1. 结论法

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion

that_____.

2. 建议法

While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is

_______. Another method is _________. Still another one is _________.

Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.

3. 方向性结尾法

Many solutions are being offered here, all of which make some sense, but none is

adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way.

There is no quick method to the issue of ___, but _____might be

helpful/beneficial.

开头句

1 There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of… .

2 As we all know, the general public has been debating whether… is a blessing or a curse. 3 Nowadays, … is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. However,

people‟s opinions are still divided on this point.

4 With a gradual/sharp growth (progress/arrival) of/in …, people become more and more

concerned about …

5 It is true that… does ensure/ bring a lot of …for one, such as…, but, compared with…,

it seems more/les attractive to me.

6 It is widely believed by many people for some time that ...

7 It is universally acknowledged that…

8 It is undoubted that …; there is no doubt that…; undoubtedly, there is…; It is beyond

doubt that ….

我的看法

✹ 1 As far as I am concerned, however, I would prefer to value it as…

✹ 2 I adhere to / stick to the opinion / view / truth that

✹ 3 If I were asked to make a choice between the two, however, I would like to attach more

weight to the latter/former than to the former/latter

✹ 4 As for me, I prefer…

✹ 5 For my part, I am in favor of…

✹ 6 From my point of view, I side with…

✹ 7 In my eyes, I would highlight...

✹ 8 It is true that… does ensure/ bring a lot of …for one, such as…, but, compared with…,

it seems more/les attractive to me.

结尾：

✹ 1 All in all, …

✹ 2 To sum up, …

✹ 3 To draw a conclusion,…

✹ 4 Based on what has been mentioned,…

对比模板

1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that_______. (观点1)

2 But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that _______.(观点2) 3 As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

4 There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.

5 First of all, _______.(论据1)

6 More importantly, _______.(论据2)

7 Most important of all, ________(论据3)

8 In summary, ________(总结观点

✹ 1 People hold different views about X.

✹ 2 Some people assume that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.

✹ 3 As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.

✹ 4 For one thing, 论据1.

✹ 5 For another, 论据2.

✹ 6 Last but not the least, 论据3.

7 To conclude, 总结观点. (或 From above, we can predict that 预测. )

图表作文

⏹ (1) 表格— table (area chart)

⏹ (2) 柱状图—bar chart

⏹ (3) 饼图— pie chart

⏹ (4) 曲线图—curve line

表说明的常用句型

⏹ As can be seen from the diagram/chart/graph/table…

⏹ As is revealed/illustrated/shown/stated/noted in the chart…

⏹ It can be seen from the chart/table/statistics that…

⏹ The figure suggests/shows/indicates/illustrates/demonstrates that…

⏹ The chart gives information that…

表结论的常用句型

⏹ From the analyses above, we can draw/arrive at/come to/make/reach the conclusion

that …

⏹ From the above data we can conclude…

⏹ According to the information gathered above, we may reach the conclusion that…

⏹ The graph reflects that…

⏹ We can make a conclusion from the above that…

表数据的

⏹ …had the largest percentage/proportion of…

⏹ …make(s) up/ take(s) up/ account(s) for…percent.

⏹ On the top of the list is…, which accounts for…percent.

⏹ Compared with A, B has a higher/lower percentage.

⏹ A is ranked/ rated first, followed by B A is twice as much/ many as

B.

⏹ A is …percent higher than B.

⏹ A is slower than B by three times.

⏹ The number of A is three times as much as that of B.

表成倍变化的

⏹ The number has doubled/tripled/quintupled（五倍的）, between…and…

⏹ From …to…,…increased/dropped more than six fold（6倍，6折）.

⏹ A is twice/three times/four times the amount in…

表极点变化的

⏹ The situation/figures reached a peak/high at…percent in…

⏹ The situation/figures bottomed out at…percent in…

⏹ The output of…in…was…percent down/up compared with…

表数据增长的

⏹ There was a rapid/sharp/dramatic/marked/gradual/slow rise/increase/upward…

⏹ It increased/rose/went up from…to…

⏹ It has risen to an average of…

⏹ The number of…is on the rise/increase.

⏹ The number of …tends to go up/increase/rise.

⏹ There was a boom in the number of…from…to…

⏹ The number of…climbed/jumped/rose suddenly/went sharply up/soared to…in…

下降的

⏹ There was a fall/decrease/reduction/decline/drop/downward trend…

⏹ The number of…has fallen/dropped/declined to…

⏹ The number of …is on the decline.

⏹ The number of …tends to go down/decrease/fall/drop

表变化不大的

⏹ There was a slight fluctuation [flʌkt ʃʊ„e ɪʃn]波动 in the number of…from…to… ⏹ The number of…remained steady/stable/constant between …and…

⏹ There was little/hardly any change in the number of…between …and …

⏹ The number of …remained level between …and…

⏹ The number of…remained steady at approximately…between…and…

应用文

（二）信纸格式：

日期：月日年/日月年(美国习惯：May 15(th),2003;英国习惯:15(th) May,2003。)

称呼: 后面的标点是逗号或冒号(美国人在称呼后用冒号, 英国人用逗号) 。Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern：

再次表示歉意或感激

（1）Thank you for your kind assistance.

（2）Please accept my heartfelt（衷心的; 诚挚的 ） thanks

and deepest gratitude, now and always.

（3）I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will

understand.

（4）In addition, let me apologize for any

inconvenience I may have caused.

（5）Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience

caused.

请求回信；

（1）I look forward to your prompt response.

（2）Looking forward to a prompt reply.

（3）I expect to hear from you very soon.

（4）I hope to receive your reply shortly.

翻译题

I. 汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达

例1：他提出的论据相当不充分。

译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)

例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)

例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。

译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)

II. 汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达

例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)

例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。

译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.(短语) 例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。

译文：Such actions couldn‟t long escape notice. (句子

III. 特殊的否定句式

例7：有利必有弊。

译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)

例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。

译文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移) 分句法

例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译) 译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.

例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)

译文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.

例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。 (从关联词处分译) 译文： The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.

例4. 我们的政策是实行“一个国家，两种制度”，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)

译文： We are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” More specifically, this means that within the People‟s Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system

例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)

译文： We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard（在这点上） is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of（抓住） the entire Chinese nation. 合句法

例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)

译文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.

例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)

译文：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.

例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)

译文：The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details