大学英语第一册第一课
UNIT 1
Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on...
How to Improve Your Study Habits
Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably ou can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how:
Fill in committed (指定的时间) time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. good, regular times for studying. enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.
Plan your time carefully: topic sentence
Supporting sentences 展开句
Fill in/out :write in; complete sth by putting whatever is needed
Listen carefully and fill in the numbers you’ve heard from the tape.
decide on: choose from two or more possibilities or make a decision about
I ’ve decided on leaving for New York the day after tomorrow.
Be sure (to do sth): not fail (to do sth)
Be sure to leave adequate time for play.
Be sure to write to us as soon as you get there.
Be sure not to be late again.
set aside:keep or save for special use or purpose
Why don’t you set aside some money so that you can use it when you’re in need?
as well: also , too
This book tells Lu Hsun’s writings, and his life as well.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well.
Be/ become aware of: know sth; know(what is happening)
Are you aware of the importance of learning a foreign language?
2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library , but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you concentrate on/ upon : give all one’s attention or efforts, etc. to
I can’t concentrate on my studies, for I’m homesick.思乡
Airsick 晕飞机
seasick 晕船
3. Skim before you read. This means a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
Look over: examine; inspect
I looked hurriedly over the apples in the basket and took one that looked good.
They looked over several kinds of new bikes before making up their minds to buy.
My sister is busy looking over her mail. in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit
Make good use of:好好利用
Take notes:记笔记 your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it Go over:read again; review; examine 再读一遍,复习,检查
After you finish the test paper, go over it again to look for mistakes.
We often went over our lessons together at night.
Our teacher is busy going over examination papers.
as well as= and 还
lead to: have as a result ; cause 导致
hard work leads to success.
The wording is too vague; it is likely to lead to ambiguity.
This kind of academic research will not lead to any practical result, I am afraid.
6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't worry excessively(过分的) about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your knowledge permanent.
There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. Y ou will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study improve your grades.
Share with :use or have with others
I share the office with two other teachers.
Share the candy with your sister.
May I share your umbrella (with you)?
NEW WORDS
average ['æv ərid ʒ] n. ordinary 普通的;中等的
adj.1)of the usual or ordinary kind or standard; ordinary Nothing everything something adj 放在后边
Although he is an average student at present, he can be a better one if he has better learning techniques. Spend time/money on sth
Spend time /money (in) doing sth
2) 平均的
The average age of the students in the class is 19.
v .1)find the average of sth
I have done some averaging to reach these figures.
2) 平均值为
We average 8 hour’s work a day. 降水量
n. 平均数
intelligence [in'telidʒəns] n. ability to learn and understand 智力
intelligence quotient=IQ
intelligent adj聪明的
necessarily ['nesisərili] ad. inevitably 必定
War necessarily causes unhappiness. 未必 旅游业
case [keis] n. what has really happened; actual condition 实情 事情的确如此 事情果真如此
“Is it true that he has lost all hi money?” “”不是这样的
If it is the case, …. 如果事情果真如此
additional [ə'di ʃən əl] a. added 附加的,额外的 n. addition
add v. 加
add A to B
add happiness to life为生活增加快乐
extra pay for extra work 多劳多得
weekly ['wi:kli] a. done or happening every week 每周的;一周一次的
friendly 友好的 brotherly 兄弟般的 weekly 每周的 monthly 每月的
yearly/ annual 一年一次 daily 一天的,每日一次的
schedule ['ʃedju:l] n. timetable 时间表
train schedule 火车时刻表
a bus schedule 汽车时刻表
flight schedule 航班时刻表
fly
a tight schedule 时间比较紧,时间安排比较紧
chart [tʃɑ:t] n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 图(表)table
a pie chart
a bar chart
commit [kə'mit] vt. 指定... 用于
We’re committing money to the task of turning the sun into energy.
aside [ə'said] ad. to the side 在旁边;到(向)一边
put sth aside 把什么东西放一边
etc [et'setər ə] (Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things 等等
e.g.= for example 举例子
i.e.= that is 也就是
normal ['nɔ:məl] a. usual 正常的
normal temperature 正常的体温
abnormal 不正常的
abnormality n.畸形
reading ['ri:diŋ] n. the act or practice of reading 阅读
intensive reading 精读
extensive reading 泛读
assignment [ə'sainm ənt] n. sth. given out as a task (布置的) 作业
assign v . 分配,任命
occupy ['ɔkjupai] n. take up 占用
Though a student’s main task is to study, studying should not occupy all his time.
Playing football occupies him one hour a day.
Soccer 美式英语 足球
At the pub, his usual corner seat was occupied.
They were occupying themselves in growing their own vegetables.他们忙着种蔬菜。
This table occupies too much space/ room. 这个桌子太占地方.
I was fully occupied. 我特别忙
It was occupied. (厕所)有人
Try to relax yourself.
Take it easy.
relaxation [ri:læk'sei ʃən] n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement 休息,娱乐
relax [ri'læks] v .
hobby ['hɔbi] n. what one likes to do in one's free time 业余爱好
habit 习惯
entertainment [ˌentə'teinm ənt] n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy 娱乐
amuse sb
amusement park 游乐场
entertain [ˌentə'tein]vt. 招待,宽带
solve [sɔlv]vt. find an answer to (a problem) 解决(问题) Do you think he can find another way to solve the difficulty?
Solution n. the answer to a question 一个问题的答案
aware [ə'we ə] a. having knowledge or understanding 知道的;意识到的
I wasn’t aware that they were in trouble.
Be aware of sth
Be aware that
I was not aware of his presence.我当时不知道他在场
Unaware 不知道,没有意识到
furthermore [ˌfə:ðə'm ɔ:] ad. moreover; in addition 而且;此外
far----farther, further比较级
additionally=in addition= besides= what’s more= moreover 勤奋
The shirt is expensive, and furthermore, it is not of good quality.
It ’s getting dark. Furthermore, it’s going to rain.
enable [i'neibəl] vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.) 使(某人)能(做某事)
encourage 鼓励
enlarge 变大
weaken 虚弱
widen 加宽
EMS enables letters to be delivered more quickly.
Express Mail Service 特快专递
Express train 特快列车
Expressway 高速公路
Highway 公路
Superhighway 高速公路 = motorway = freeway
Y our help will enable them to go back to school.
activity [æk'tiviti] n. sth. (to be) done 活动
active adj 积极地
take part in the activity
take an active part in the activity 积极参加活动
social activities 社会活动
adequate ['ædikwit] a. as much as one needs; enough 充分的;足够的
1)足够的
The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求
None of his workers received adequate safety training.
2)恰当的
What she said was a solution adequate to the problem.
How do you feel when you couldn’t think of an adequate answer to your son’s question?
distraction [di'stræk ʃən] n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention 分心(或分散注意力)的事物
attract v. 吸引
attraction n. 吸引
disatract v. 分心
concentrate (on or upon) ['kɔns əntreit] vi. pay close attention (to) 全神贯注(于)
Thousands of people concentrated in the city square.
The population of India is concentrated in large cities.
Concentrate on your driving! 小心开车
skim [skim] vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of) 略读
preview [pri:'vju:] vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand 预习
view 看
review 复习
content ['kɔntent] n. what is written in a book, etc. 内容
organize ['kɔntent] vt. form into a whole 组织
organ n. 器官
organs of speech 发音器官
-ize 动词后缀
Realize 实现
Center 中央 Central adj 中央的 Centralize v . 集中起来
Popular adj 流星的, 普遍的
Pop star 明星
Pop song 流行歌曲
Popularize v . 普及,推广
Modern 现代的 Modernize v. 现代化 Modernization n.
The hostess is known for organizing dancing parties.
Actor/ actress
Waiter/ waitress
Host/ hostess 社区服务 请给我一分钟时间整理我的思路。
later ['leitə] ad. 后来;以后
I ’m busy now. I’ll speak to you later.
She said she would go with me , but I don’t know why she changed her mind later.
We heard later that he had gone back to Japan.
Adj (用于名词前) 后来的
In a later speech, Reagan admitted he had been wrong.
skip [skip] vt. pass over 略过
portion ['pɔ:ʃən] n. part; share 一部分;一份
double ['dʌb əl] v . make or become twice as great or as many (使)增加一倍
The price of eggs has doubled in past few weeks.
How did you double the profits of this factory in so short a time?
Adj
The profit of this factory is double what it was a year ago. 双下巴
comprehension [ˌkɔmpri'hen ʃən] n. the act of understanding or ability to understand
comprehend = understand v .
Listening comprehension
Reading comprehension
mention ['menʃən] vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words 提及 理解(力)
My father has mentioned her name several times, but I have never seen her.
I mentioned the idea to Joan, and she seemed to like it.
He mentioned to me that he was going to Beijing during the vacation.
n. talking / speaking of sth briefly
Did she make any mention of having lost her job?
Did she mention that she had lost her job?
What I have mentioned above/ in the last paragraph…. 我上面所提到的、最后一段
confused a. mixed up in one's mind 迷惑的,混淆的
vt mix up in one’s mind
Y ou must be confusing me with someone else. Adj
I am still confused although you’ve explained it three times.
There are many crossroads in this city and drivers often get confused.
Every time someone explains the Internet to me, I get even more confused.
Confused/confusing 感到, 令人
Surprised/ surprising
Interested/ interesting
I am interested in the interesting story.
Adj making sb feel confused
I found some of the questions really confusing.
confuse [kən'fju:z] vt.
textbook ['tekstbuk] n. a standard book for the study of a subject 教科书;课本
performance [pə'f ɔ:məns] n. achievement 成绩
1) Jane ’s performance in the exams was disappointing.
Our football team’s performances has been excellent during the whole year.
2) 表演,演出
His performance in the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream was very good.
3)执行
She was successful in the performance of her duty.
performance of the car 车的性能
meaningful ['mi:niŋfəl] a. having important meaning or value 富有意义的
ful= full of
careful 谨慎的, 小心的
hopeful 充满希望
-less = without
Meaningless
Careless 粗心大意的
Hopeless 绝望的
Lead/live a …life
Full/ an empty
attitude ['ætitju:d] n. what one thinks about sth. 态度,看法
1) 观点,态度
持有 培养 采纳,接受
purpose ['pə:pəs] n. aim 目的,意图
I went down the street with no purpose before me. 我漫无目的的在街上走。 他此行的目的 The buildings are now used as a prison, but they were not built for that purpose.
On purpose 故意的
Is it possible that he broke the window on purpose?
He went there on purpose, to see what had happened.他特意跑过去目的是看看发生了什么事。 excessively [ik'sesivli] ad. too much 过多地,过分地
excessive [ik'sesiv] a. =too much
excessive drinking 过度饮酒
excessive care 过度的关心
permanent ['pə:mən ənt] a. lasting for a long time; never changing 持久的;永久的 temporary 暂时的
technique [tek'ni:k] n. way of doing sth. 技巧,方法
= method, skill
Science and technology 科技
Harbin Institute of Technology = HIT 哈尔滨工业大学
helpful ['helpfəl] a. useful; providing help or wiling to help 有益的;给予帮助的,肯帮忙的 She gave us some helpful advice about renting an apartment.
I hope the dictionary will be helpful to you.
He ’s always helpful when I’m busy. 我忙的时候他总来帮忙
The average students
Straight A student 全优学生
Make a shopping list
Fill in /out a form/ table
Be sure not to do sth
PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS
fill in write in 填写,填充
decide on make a choice or decision about 选定,决定
set aside save for a special purpose 留出
as well also; too; in addition 也,还;同样
be aware (of) know (sth.); know (what is happening) 知道,意识到
concentrate on direct one's attention, efforts, etc. to 全神贯注于
look over examine (quickly) 把... 看一遍,过目
go over review 复习
lead to result in 导致