并列句与复合句
网络知识清单
表示并列关系的并列句
并列句 表示转折关系的并列句 表示选择关系的并列句
表示因果关系的并列句
宾语从句引导的that, if, whether, wh-疑问句
宾语从句 宾语从句的语序
并列句复合句 宾语从句的时态
宾语从句与简单句的转换
时间状语从句(由when, while, as, before, after, until/till引导)
地点状语从句(由where引导)
状语从句 原因状语从句(由because, since, as引导)
复合句 状语从句目的状语从句(由so that ,in order引导)
条件状语从句(由if, unless引导)
方式状语从句(由 as 引导)
让步状语从句(由though/although引导)
关系代词which, who, whom, that, whose引导的定语从句
定语从句 关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
考点知识清单
知识梳理
并列句:含有两个或者两个以上的独立的主谓结构或简单句的句子,叫并列句。通常由逗号、分号或并列连接词来连接。
复合句:如果句子中包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中一个(或更多的)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分,就是复合句。
考点一 并列句
表示并列关系的并列句
and“和”,both…and…“…和…两个都”,as well as“也”,not only …but…also…“不但…而且…”neither…nor…,“既不…也不……”等等是表示平行或对等关系的并列连词,连接表并列关系的句子。如:
He give me a present ,and I like it very much.他给了我一件礼物,我很喜欢。
Not only she but also I can dance.不仅她而且我也会跳舞。
2.表示转折关系的并列句
but,while,however,yet,still用来表示转折关系的并列句。如:
He is old but he is good health。他年纪大了,但是身体很好。
He is tall, while his sister is short.他很高,而他妹妹确很矮。
3.表示选择关系的并列句
You may say it in English ,or in Chinese.你可以用英语说,也可以用汉语说。
We can go there either by bus or by train.我们可以乘汽车也可以坐火车去那里。
4.表示因果关系的并列句
for, so, therefore等用于连接表因果关系的并列句。如:
He must go now,for his mother is waiting for him.他必须走了,他妈妈在等他。
He has work for 12 hours,so he feel very tried.他已经工作了12小时了,所以他觉得非常累。
活学巧练
1.It's getting dark,______they're still working.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
2.---How about going out for a walk with us?
---I wish I could, ______I have to finish my homework first.
A.and B.so C.but D.or
3.He went to the supermarket,______some bananas and visited his mother.
A.buy B.bought C.to buy D.buying
4.______you ______ he is able to ski,but I am.
A.Both.and B.Not only,but also C.Either.or D.Neither,nor
5.The dress fits me so well,______I don't want to buy it because it is too dear.
A.so B.and C.or D.but
6.We are going to the bookstore in Jim‟s car.You can come with us______ you can meet us there later.
A.but B.and C.or D.then
7.______you didn‟t speak clearly ______ there was something wrong with my ears.
A.Not.but B.Neither,nor C.Either.or D.Not only,but also
8.---Who in tom‟es family will come to you birthday party?
---Either Tom ______any of his sisters is coming
A.and B.but C.or D.nor
考点二:宾语从句
1.宾语从句是用句子作宾语,常用的连接词有that,if,whether,what,which,who,whom,when,where,how,why等。
She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.她补充说与朋友谈话一点帮助也没有。 I don't know if he will come on time.我不知道他是否会按时来。
He doesn't know if he should bring a present.他不知道是否他应该带礼物。
No one knew what was happening.没有人知道发生了什么。
I‟m sorry(that)I will trouble you.抱歉我要麻烦你。
I‟m happy(that)I have passed the exam.我很高兴我通过了这次考试。
注意:最后两个例句中宾语从句作形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句必须是陈述语序,尤其要注意whether,if和wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:
He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon.他问我昨天下午我做什么了。
Do you know why winter is colder than summer? 你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?
例:---Do you know______?
---I'm not Sure.Maybe he is a businessman.
A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do
选C。
[答案] C
3.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应。
(1)当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响,可以接需要使用任何时态。如:I hear he'll be back in a few days.我听说几天之后他就要回来了。(从句为一般将来时)
l hear he came back a few days ago.我听说几天以前他就回来了。(从句为一般过去时)
例:---Can you guess if they ______ to play basketball with us?
---I think they'll come if they______ free.
A.will come,will be B.will come,are C.come,are D.come,will be
[解析] 第一句为if引导的宾语从句,用一般将来时;第二句为if引导的条件句,用一般现在时表将来。
[答案] B
(2)当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时,过去完成时),以便保持与主句谓语动词时态的一致。
如:She said she was much better than before.
她说她比以前好多了。(从句为一般过去时)
She said she was reading a story book at several yesterday.
她说昨天七点钟她正在读故事书。(从句为过去进行时)
He said(that)he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他将照看好孩子。(从句是过去将来时)
She said they had seen this film several times.
她说她们已经把这部影片看了几遍。(从句为过去完成时)
例:---Where does he come from?
---Pardon?
---I said where______.
A.did he come from B.he came from C.he comes from D.does he come from
[解析] 宾语从句中主句是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时态,且用陈述句语序,故选B。
[答案] B
(3)当主句谓语是过去时态.而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时。宾语从句的时态用一般现在时。如:They said that the earth is round.他们说地球是圆的。(客观真理)
4.宾语从句与简单句的转换
当宾语从句是以连接代词或连接副词如when, where,who,why,which,what,whose等引导时,有时可以转化成“连接代词或副词+动词不定式”形式。从而由一个主从复合句变为一个以动词不定式作宾语的简单句。 如:She doesn‟t know what she should do next! =She doesn't know what to do next.
她不知道她下一步要做什么。
将下列句子变为简单句
①John didn't decide which shirt he would buy.
______________________________________________________
②Please show me how I should start the recorder.
______________________________________________________
[解析] 句①主从句的主语一致;句②中的主句的间接宾语me与从句的主语I一致,两句均可将从句变为动词不定式短语。
[答案]①John didn't decide which shirt to buy. ②Please show me how to start the recorder.
1.Could you follow ______ I say?
A.who B.that C.which D.what
2.Jim wants to know ______.
A.where will the 2008 olympics be held B.who did kick the first goal in the World Cup
C.when was the APEC meeting held D.when china joined the WTO
3.---Could you tell me how long ______ the book?
---Three days.
A.I can keep B.can I borrow C.I Call borrow D.can I keep
4.Would you please tell me ______ next, Mr.Wang?
A.what should we do B.we should do what C.what we should do D.should we do what
5.No one knows ______ in fifty years.
A.what will our life be like B.what is our life like
C.what our life will be like I D.what our life is like
6.---Do you know ______ going to stay in London?
---N0,I don't.Maybe a few days.
A.when he is B.how long he is C.when is he D.how long is he
7.---Can you see ______ ?
---No.Let's go and have a look.Maybe we can help them.
A.what was happening there B.what are they doing there
C.what are they talking there D.what is happening there
8.---Jim.What did your uncle say in the letter?
---He said that ______ he the Great Wall the next day.How wonderful!
A.will visit B.would visit C.has visited D.is visiting
9.Professor Nelson wanted to know ______ .
A.when would the conference begin B.when the conference would begin
C.when will the conference begin D.when the conference will begin.
10.---What did the teacher say just now?
---He said that the earth ______ round the sun.
A.go B.goes C.going D.will go
11.My father told me light ______ much faster than sound.
A.is travelling B.will travel C.traveled D.travels
12.---We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.
---Really? Will you please show ______ it?
A.what I can use B.how can I use C.how I can use D.what to use 考点三 直接引语和间接引语问题
直接引用别人所说的话叫直接引语,用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号;间接引语不必加引号。间接引语有以下三种情况构成宾语从句,有两种情况变成不定式形式。
1.直接引语是陈述句时,变成间接引语就用宾语从句形式。如:
He said,“I'm a student.”他说:“我是一名学生。”
→He said he Was a student.他说他是一名学生。
2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,将直接引语变成间接引语形成if或whether引导的宾语从句。如:
He asked us,“Have you finished reading this book?”他问我们:“你们读完这本书了吗?”
→He asked us if/whether we had finished reading that book.他问我们是否我们已经读完了那本书。
用正常语序及人称变化、时态变化和时间状语的变化.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变成间接引语形成宾语从句。如:
The teacher asked.“Where are you going next week?”老师问:“你们下周要去哪儿?”
The teacher asked where we were going the next week. 老师问第二周我们要去哪儿。
注意:当直接引语为特殊疑问句变成间接引语形成宾语从句时,首先要注意用特殊疑问词,其后用正常语序的句子,同时注意人称、时态、时间状语的变化。
a.若主句谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。列表如下:
b
4.直接引语是肯定的祈使句时,变成间接引语时要用不定式形式。如:
①Our parents told us,“Learn English well!”我们的父母告诉我们:“把英语学好啊!”
→Our parents told us to learn English well.我们的父母告诉我们要把英语学好。
→The teacher ordered them to do that again.老师命令他们要重做。
注意:祈使句直接引语变间接引语时,要变成不定式作宾语补足语的形式,即ask sb to do sth,tell sb to do sth,order sb to do sth等。
5.直接引语是否定的祈使句时,间接引语要用不定式的否定形式。如:
The teacher said to me,“Don't read that novel.”老师说:“别读那种小说!”
The teacher wanted/asked/told me not to read that novel.老师要求/告诉我不要读那种小说。
注意:否定的祈使句作直接引语,如变成间接引语要用不定式的否定形式作宾语补足语。即:want/ask/tell sb.not to do sth.
如:Our patents told us,“Never do wrong!”父母告诉我们:“不要做错事!”
→Our parents told us never to do wrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。
注意:never与not是意思相同语法要求也相同的否定副词,因此在否定不定式时,它们的位置自然也相同,都是放在不定式前,不能说to never do…一定要用never to do…才正确。
活学巧练
1.Do you think ______ an English film tomorrow night?
A.is there B.there is going to be C.there is going to have D.will there be
2.I want to know ______ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A.that B.when C.where D.whether
3.Could you tell me ______ ?
A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back
C.when Tom will come back D.when did Tom come back
4.——Do you know ______ ?
——They moved here soon after their son was born.
A.when could the Greens move here B.when the Greens move here
C.when the Greens move here D.when the Greens move here
5.He told me he ______ her with her maths the next evening.
A.will help B.would help C.helps D.is helping
6.The girl wanted to know ______ .
A.whose digital camera it is B.how much did the digital camera cosrs
C.if the digital camera was made in Japan D.where her father will buy her a digital camera.
7.They asked me ______ during the May Day holidays.
A.where had I gone B.where I had been C.where had I been D.where I had gone
8.He says he ______ Dalian several times already this year.
A.went B.has gone to C.has been D.has been to
9.The teacher sked the students ______ .
A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein bron
C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted
10.The headmaster told us ______ at the summer Palace on time.
A.arrive B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving
11.The man ordered his son ______ to him.or he would drive him out of home.
A.didn't lie B.never to lie C.not lie D.don't lie
考点四 状语从句
状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句都是从属连词引导的。与主句
语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句,条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句等。
1.时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连接词有when,as,while,after,before,,since,as Soon as,till,untill。要根据连词的不同意义来推断主句的谓语动词的时态。在时间状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
(1)when,while,as引导时间状语从句
when用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作;while引导的动作必须是持续性的,强调某一段时间内,主从句动作同时发生;as引导时间状语从句时,强调相并发生,不指先后。如:
I Was thin when I Was a child. 当我还是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。
While she Was doing homework,her mother came back.当她正在做作业时,她妈妈回来了。
例:When you ______ the office.you'd better ______ that the lights are turned off.
A.1eave,make sure B.leave,to make sure
C.will leave,make sure D.will leave ,to make sure
[解析]when引导的时问状语从句一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时,故C、D项排除,had better do sth为固定搭配,意为“最好做某事”,故选A。
[答案] A
(2)before引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,之后用after。如:I will always work hard before I go into Beijing University.在我考入北京大学之前我将一直努力。
She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。
(3)until/till引导的时间状语从句,主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时.主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。till和until都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首,也不可用于强调句。如:
You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里呆到雨停。
主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的谓语,所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not…until…,有时不用not,用其他如never,nothing等表示否定的词。如:
He didn't go to bed until he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才去睡觉。
例:I won't believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.
A.after B.when C.if D.until
[解析] not…until…为固定搭配.意为“直到……才……”,全句意为“直到我亲自检验,我才相信一个五岁的男孩会念5000个单词”。
[答案] D
(4)since引导的时问状语从句,表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:I have worked in this company since I graduated from Beijing University.我从北京大学毕业后,一直在这家公司上班。
例:I haven't heard from Bill ______ he left here.
A.when B.before C.since D.while
[解析] since连词,意为“自从”,常用于现在完成时态中。hear from为固定搭配,意为“收到……的来信”。
[答案] C
(5)as soon as引导的从句
as soon as引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译作“一…….就……”。这类从句中,经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。如:As soon as he arrives。I‟ll tell him.他一到,我就告诉他。
2.地点状语从句
地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。如:Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。
表示理由或原因的状语从句,常用连词because,since和as。这三个词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题用because回答。如:
I lent him my bike became he needed it. 我把我的自行车借给了他,因为他需要。
Let‟s begin our meeting since everybody is here.既然大家都到齐了,那就让咱们开始会议吧。
例:---Is Tom at school today?
---No.he‟s at home ______ he has a bad cold.
A.because B.if C.until D.before
[解析]答句中从句说明主旬的原因,因而用连词because。
[答案] A
4.目的状语从句
(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有:so that,so,in order that等,谓语常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。如:He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.他必须早点起床以便赶上第一班车。
(2)当从句与主句主语一致时.可用so as to,in order to。如:He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. →He worked day and night in order to succeed.他日夜工作想要获得成功。
5.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的词或词组有:so,so that,so…that…,such…that…。如:
The question is so hard that l can't work it out!.这道题如此难以至于我没做出来。
例:Sorry,you speak ______ quickly ______ I can't follow you.
A.too,to B.so,that C.as,to D.very,so
[解析]so…that…引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。全句意为,你说得太快,以至于我跟不上你”。too…to…为固定搭配,意为“太……而…,连接简单句。
[答案] B
6.条件状语从句
(I)条件状语从句通常由if(假如),as long as(只要),unless(除非)来引导,主句为祈使句、一般将来时、或有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。如:
You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习.否则你将不能通过考试。
(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行,动词要用现在完成时或进行时,主句通常用将来时。如:
I‟ll show you how to do it if I have finished the book.
如果我已经读完这本书,我就告诉你怎样做。
例1:Tomorrow we'll go to the city park ______ it is sunny.
A.as soon as B.when C.if D.as
[解析] 由句意可推知,明天天晴是我们去公园的条件。因此选择if引导的条件状语从句。
[答案] C
---Shall we have the volleyball match tomorrow?
---Oh,it will be put off if it ______ 。
A.snows B.is snowing C.snowed D.snow
[解析] 条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句应为一般现在时。即主将从现原则.故选A。 ,
[答案] A
(3)“祈使句 + and/or/or else”引导的结果状语从句,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如: Use your head,and you'll find a way.动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
7.方式状语从句
I will do it as you tell me.我将按照你告诉我的去做。
8.让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况,但从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生,在相反的条件下,主句的情况依然存在。引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although(虽然),even though(尽管),whoever/no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)和as(虽然)等,但主句中不能再用but。如:
He didn't turn on the lights,though it Was dark inside.虽然里面很暗。但他没开灯。
例:Jack spends much money on books ______ he is not so rich.
A.though B.when C.if D.because
[解析] 这是一个though“尽管”引导的让步状语从句,全句意为“尽管他不富裕,但他在书上花了好多钱”。注意此处though不可和but连用。
[答案] A
9.比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用的从属连词为as…as(和……一样),not as/so…as(和……不一样),than(比),the more…the moer…(越……越……),而且这类从句通常以省略形式出现。如:
Jane made a lot more mistakes than the others in the exam.在考试中简做错的题比别人(做错的题)多得多。 活学巧练
1.I ______ on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.
A.draw B.drew C.Was drawing D.am drawing
2.Did you see Mr.Smith when you were in France?
---N0,when I ______ France,he had gone to China.
A.had arrived to B.arrived to C.had got to D.got to
3.While she ______ TV in the sitting room,the bell ______.
A.watches,rings B.is watching.rang C.Was watching,rang D.watched.was ringing
4.______the day went on,the weather got worse.
A.As B.When C.With D.While
5.The manager left his office ______ he had finished his work.
A.until B.before C.after D.if
6.Drink some milk ______ you go to bed.
A.until B.before C.after D.hut
7.The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.
A.when B.until C.after D.before
8.I knew nothing about It ______ my friend told me.
A.after B.if C.because D.until
9.The American teacher has taught at this school ______ he came to China.
A.since B.for C.before D.by
10.I have been collecting coins ______ was 11 years old.
A.for B.since C.when D.after
11.Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him?
---Sure.1 will 1et him know as soon as he ______ back.
A.comes B.came C.has come D.will come
12.He will phone you as soon as he ______ to Beijing.
A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get
A.though B.unless C.because D.where
14.You should return the digital camera to Sally ______ she will not be angry.
A.so that B.because C.before D.or
15.He went to the small village ______ he could live with his parents there.
A.such as B.so C.in order that D.that
16.Kunming is ______ city that thousands of people visit it every day.
A.so a beautiful B.such beautiful C.so beautiful D.such a beautiful
17.The teacher spoke ______ quickly______ only ______ students could follow him.
A.so, that,a few B.so.that,few C.such.that,a few D.such.that, few
18.Hurry up, Jack.We have to get to the station before 11:45 ______ we can catch the 12:00 train.
A.since B.after C.as soon as D.so that
19.She was so angry at ______ he was doing ______ she walked out,and closed the door heavily behind her.
A.what,that B.that,what C.that,that D.what,what
20.He worked ______ hard ______he passed the exam.
A.such,that B.so,that C.as.as D.too,to
21.lf he ______ harder,he will catch up with us soon.
A.study B.studies C.will study D.studied
22.“Remember , your teach will not punish you ______ you finish your homework on time.”Mom said to her son.
A.if B.unless C.when D.until
23.You will be able to get good marks ______ .
A.while you are doing your homework by yourself B.if you do some revision every day
C.before you begin to study hard D.until you follow your teacher's advice
24.We'll never give up working on the experiment。______ difficult it is.
A.no matter how B.no matter when C.no matter what D.no matter where
25.______ Annie is a young girl,she knows a 1ot of things about history.
A.Since B.1f C.Because D.Though
26.---This dress Was last year's style.
---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year.
A.so that B.even though C.as if D.ever since
27.______ You dive into the water ______ you breathe.
A.Deeper.harder B.The deeper.the harder C.The deep.the hard D.Deep.hard
28._______ he walked,______ he felt.
A.The far,the strange B.Farther.stranger C.Farthest,strangest D.The farther,the stranger 考点五 定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词,叫先行词。从句放在所修饰词(即先行词)之后,由关系副词或关系代词引导。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词有who,whom,whose.which,that。
(1)当先行词指人时用who/whom,若在句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom;当先行词指物时用which;whose是who和which的所有格形式,表示“…的”;that既可指人,也可指物。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作主语时关系代词不可省略,作宾语时可以省略。如:
A plane is a machine that/which can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。(作主语指物)
The coat(which/that)I put on the desk is black.
The girls that/who weren't badly hunt in the accident are my classmates.
在那次事故中伤得不重的那些女孩是我同学。(作主语,不可省略)
The girl(who/that)l like isn't here now. 我喜欢的那个女孩现在没在这儿。(作宾语,可省略)
The person to whom you just talked is our teacher.刚才和你说话的人是我们老师。
This is the student whose bike was stolen last week. 这就是上周自行车被偷的那个学生。
例:I hate people ______ talk much but do little.
A.whom B.which C.who D.when
[解析] 定语从句先行词指人且关系代词作主语,故选c。
[答案] C
(2)如果关系代词作介词的宾语,可以把它和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面,且关系代词that不能放在介词的前面。如:
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.上个月与她一同去美国的那位医生非常有名。(作宾语,介词with提到了whom前,whom在此不可省略,也不可用who替代)
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
(3)被修饰的先行词为不定代词,或先行词由序数词、最高级修饰时,只能用that。先行词前有the only修饰,也应用that引导。如:
The children like the second lesson that is about“The football match”.孩子们喜欢第二课,第二课是“足球赛”。 This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.这是我听过的最有意思的故事。
Here is everything that make us happy.这是能使我们快乐的一切东西。
注意:在定语从句中,不能用what代替that。因为that是关系代词而what是连接代词,相当于the thing(s)that/which…也就是说,what包含that。如:
Everything(that)I told you was true.(此句中that不可用what代替)我告诉你的一切都是真实的。
Do the students understand what you said?(宾语从句)
=Do the students understand the words that you said?(定语从句)学生们能听懂你所说的吗?
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词有why,when,where,在定语从句中代替先行词,作状语,不可省略。when指地点。why指原因,其先行词只有表示原因的reason(原因)一词。如:
We don't know the reason why he suddenly fell ill。我们不知道他突然生病的原因。
l still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
I‟ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
我将永远忘不了我加入共青团的那一天。(when=on which,which指the day)
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
=This is the house(which/that)I lived in two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房间。
例:I love the small village ______ I was born.
A.that B.which C.where D.whose
[解析] 本题考查的是定语从句中关系副词的使用。本句先行词为the small village。在从句句尾无介词,故用where代替先行词在从句中作地点状语。若从句句尾有介词(本题中可在句尾加in),则用which代替先行词作为介词后的宾语,此时可用that替代,也可省略。
[答案] C
活学巧练
1.The blouse ______ is made of silk is expensive.1 can't afford it.
2.The book ______ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A.that B.why C.when D.what
3.I'm looking at the photograph ______ you sent me with your letter.
A.who B.whom C.which D.it
4.The young lady ______ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A.what B.whose C.whom D.which
5.The young man ______ is a friend 0f mine.
A.who I had a talk B.whom I had a talk with
C.which I had a talk with D.whom I had a talk
6.Do you know the girl ______ father owns a company?
A.who B.which C.that D.whose
7.My necklace is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A.that B./ C.which D.who
8.——Who is the woman ______ was talking to our English teacher?
——Oh! It„s Mrs.Baker.our American friend.
A.he B.that C.whom D.which
9.What we have heard is different from ______ .
A.we seen B.what we seen C.what we have seen D.we have seen
10.There is nothing ______ I want to say.
A.which B.what C.whatever D.that
11.Children like houses ______ are painted in different colours.
A.which B.they C.those D.what
12.This is our house ______ we lived for ten yeas.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
13.I‟ll never forget the day ______ my daughter was born.
A.which B.when C.who D.where
14.I know the reason ______ he came late.
A.which B.what C.because D.why
15.The town ______ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before.
A.it B.who C.which D.where
16.He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ______ hard work was repaid with the development of the
factory.
A.where B.whose C.in which D.that
易混知识清单
知识归纳
易混点一:and连接祈使句和陈述句时。该陈述句用一般将来时态。
Use your head,and you'll find out a good way.动动脑子,你就会想出好办法的。
1.Study hard,______ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
A.or B.and C.for D.but
易混点二:so…that…,such…that…
结果状语从句是由so…that…,such…that…(如此……以至于……)引导的。当名词前面是用many或much修饰时,用so而不用such,即:
such+ a/an+(形容词)+名词单数+that从句
such+(形容词)+名词复数+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+名词单数+that从句
so+形容词或副词+that从句。如:
She is such a lovely girl that her friends love her very much.
=She is so lovely a girl that her friends love her very much.
她是如此可爱,以至于朋友们都很喜欢她。
She got such good news that she couldn't help crying. 得到这个好消息,她禁不住哭了。
His father was so angry that he couldn't speak.他父亲气得说不出话来。
1.He was tired ______ he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.
---Oh,we can go out and let him have a good rest.
A.too.to B.so,that C.enough,t0 D.such,that
2.It Was ______ interesting film that I saw it for a second time.
A.so B.so all C.such D.such an 易混点三:when引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句
1.when引导时间状语从句,若主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句就用一般现在时,其他情况下,从句时态与主句时态保持一致。
2.when引导宾语从句,首先要保持从句的陈述句语序,再根据主句时态确定从句时态基本与主句内容保持意义上的一致。
例:I don't know when my father ______ back,but I‟ll tell you when he______ back.
A.comes,comes B.come,come C.come,will come D.will come, comes
[解析] 因为father没有回来,所以宾语从句用will come,后面用现在时代替将来时。
[答案] D
互动训练
1.I'll tell him to go to your office when I ______ him.
A.have seen B.will see C.am seeing D.see
2.M r. King didn‟t know ______ yesterday evening.
A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home
C.when did his son come home D.when his son come home
3.Could you tell me ______ tomorrow morning?
——Well.it will start at 9:00 o'clock.
A.when the meeting will start B.where will the meeting start
C.where the meeting starts D.when the meeting would start
易混点四:if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句
1.
if引导条件状语从句,通常考查的内容为:主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时表示将来;
2.if引导宾语从句,如果主句是一般现在时.那么宾语从句可根据时问状语选用各种对应的时态;如果主句是一般过去时,那么宾语要用过去的某种时态。
---I think we'll go if we ______ too much homework.
A.will have B.have C.won't have D.don't have
[分析] 条件状语从句中,主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时,故排除A、C,根据句意,应选表否定的词,故选D。
[答案] D
互动训练
1.——I don't know if his uncle ______.
——I think he ______ if it doesn't rain.
A.will come,comes B.will come,will come C.comes,comes D.comes,will come 易混点五 when,while,as
1.when,while,as引导的从句都可以用延续性动词;
2.when,as都可以与终止性动词连用,而while则不能; „
3.when可表示瞬问也可表示时问段,与主句、从句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生,也可有先后:
4.while用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生,常对同类的两个动作进行比较;
5.as不指先后,而指并列发生,尤指动作或事件同时发生。
如:The film had been on when we arrived.当我们到达时,电影已经开演了。
My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我在做作业时,妈妈在做饭。
As I left the house.1 forgot the key.我离开家时,忘了拿钥匙。
例:They were reading,______the lights were out.
A.as B.when C.while D.until
[解析] 主句是延续性动词表示正在进行的动作,而从句的动作突然发生。这时引导时间状语从句的连词应使用when。
[答案] B
互动训练
1.I met one of my old friends while I ______ in Beijing.
A.went shopping B.visited the zoo C.Was on holiday D.was visiting
2.They were about to jump into the river ______ the guide stopped them.
A.as B.when C.while D.until
3.he boy was watching TV in his room ______ someone knocked at the door.
A.as B.while C.when D.before 易混点六:because,as,for,since
1.连词for在表示“因果”关系时,也可以引导原因状语从句,并能和because互换使用。如:
She fell ill for/because she was caught in the rain yesterday.她昨天淋雨了,病了。
2.since和as差别不大,只是as所表达的语势或语气最弱,常用下口语中。如:
As/Since he was not at home ,I spoke to his brother.因为他不在家,所以我和他哥哥聊天。
3.结果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,就要用since,而不用as或because。since在这里的意思是“既然”。如:Since you can't answer the question,you can ask someone for help.
既然你不能回答这个问题,你可以找别人帮你。
互动训练
1.______ China has become a member of the WTO,English is more popular than before。
A.Since B.Thought C.Whether D.If
2.______ everyone is here。let's start our meeting.
A.Since B.Because C.When D.For
till和until用法基本相同.但句首一般不用till,而用until。
①用于肯定句.till,until与延续性动词连用。如:He had been in Beijing till(until)last week.
②主句是否定句,till,until常与非延续性动词连用。
如:Don't go away until(till)I come back.在我回来之前,(你)不要走。
互动训练
1.Mr.Green waited the children were asleep.
A.when B.after C.until D.while
2.The dinner didn't start ______ all the friends arrived.
A.when B.while C.until D.whether
易混点八: though与but,because与so不能在句中同时使用
He went to school,though he was badly ill.尽管病得厉害,他还是去了学校。
互动训练
1.I enjoy learning English,______ it takes me a lot of time.
A.as if B.though C.because D.for
易混点九 由no matter构成的词
no matter who/whoever无论谁;no matter what/whatever无论什么;no matter which/whichever无论哪个;no matter how/however不管怎样;no matter when/whenever无论在何时;no matter where/wherever无论在何处;
如:You have to go on,no matter what difficulties you meet.
无论遇到什么困难,你都得继续下去。
No matter how much you want to bathe,it just isn't safe.
不管你多么想去洗海水澡,这总是不安全的。
互动训练
1.He refused to give up smoking ______ we explained(解释)that it harms one's health.
A.no matter what B.no matter how C.wherever D.ever since
2.You are always telling lies!1 won't believe you ______ you say next time.
A.no matter what B.no matter how C.wherever D.ever since
方法技巧清单
方法技巧
方法一:了解中考命题规律
1.宾语从句的语序是中考考查的重点。
2.宾语从句的时态要与主句时态呼应。
3.时间/条件状语从句的时态与主句时态的关系。
---What did your P.E.teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?
---He said that I ______ better.
A.can B.am C.will do D.could do
态;但若主,口J是过去的某种时态,那么从句(除真理外),只能是过去的某种时态。本题中,主语he said用了一般过去时,故从句一定为过去的某种时态,只能选D。
[答案] D
例:——Tell him about the news when he ______,John.
——Yes.I will.
A.comes B.will come C.would come D.is coming
[解析] 本题考查的是时间状语从句的时态。若主句为将来时.从句要用一般现在时。本题主句为祈使句,在时态上相当于一般将来时(没发生而要发生的事),故从句用一般现在时,主语he为第三人称单数,故选comes。
[答案] A
小试身手
1.---Could you please tell me ______ ?
---It's next to the post office.
A.where is the supermarket B.where the supermarket is
C.where was the supermarket D.where the supermarket was
2.---Could you tell me ______ ?
---Yes.To take back my dictionary.
A.why did you come here B.when do you come here
C.why you came here D.when you come here
3.Please don't leave until your teacher ______ back.
A.will come B.came C.comes D.is coming
方法二 理清脉络,从容应对
连词也是单项选择题中考查较多的试题。解题时,一要理清句子的种类,看它们是并列句还是复合句,是状语从句、宾语从句还是定语从句;二要分析句子中语境的意义,看句子中缺少什么成分,比较选项,做出正确的选择。
例:I want to know if there ______ a sports meeting next month.If they _____ it,I must get ready for It.
A.is,will hold B.will be,hold C.will be,will hold D.will have,hold
[解析] 本题考查的是if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。本题前一句是由if引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中,if意为“是否”,因为主句为一般现在时,所以从句可为任何时态。时间状语为next month,故用一般将来时。在there be句式中,将来时用there will be…故排除A、D。本题后一句是由if引导的条件状语从句,此时if意为“如果”,主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,所以选B。
[答案] B
小试身手
1.You will stay healthy ______ you take more exercise.such as running and walking.
A.if B.how C.before D.where
2.Frank ______ to see his grandma if he ______ free tomorrow.
A.will come,will be B.come,is C.will come,is D.comes,will be
3.Can you describe ______ ?
A.what your friend is like B.how your friend is like
C.what does your friend look like D.how you friend looks like
方法三 勘破难点.活学巧练
Can you tell...或ask,wonder,want to know,be not sure等动词或句型后面;第二,一般疑问句前应该由if或whether引导;第三,句子要用陈述句的语序;第四,看从句是否与主句的时态相呼应。
例:The teacher asked Lacy ______ .
A.that she comes from London B.what did she like best
C.if she could speak Chinese D.when was she born
[解析] 本题考查宾语从句引导词的选择、语序以及时态。首先,ask后不应用that连接。故否定A;其次,宾语从句应用陈述语序.故否定B、D。
[答案] C
小试身手
1.Liu Ling‟s mother wanted to know ______ .
A.if she studied hard at school B.how did she study at school C.what did she study at school
2.He doesn't think ______ rain this afternoon.
A.it won't B.it‟s going to C.if it‟s going to D.whether it's to
3.Does anybody know if ______to Shenzhen in the morning next Saturday.
A.is there a night B.there is a flight C.there was a flight D.was there a flight
方法四 结合语境,合理分析
解答这类题目时一定要头脑清醒,思维清晰。准确把握分句问的逻辑关系是做出正确选择的关键。 经验表明。收集—些主从复合句进行逻辑思维能力的专项训练是有益的,也是必要的。
---Would you like to go to the park with me,Susan?
---I‟d like to,______ you don't want to go alone.
A.until B.before C.if D.after
[解析] 由语境看出答话者的态度为“如果你不愿自己去,我很乐意”。
[答案] C
小试身手
1.---12 500 kilometres is too long a jourhey!
---Yes.______ the journey was long and hard.the Red Army(红军) pushed on.
A.Though B.Because C.As D.While
2.The boy wanted to be an engineer when he was a child.______ 1ater he became a doctor.
A.and B.so C.or D.but
易错题型清单
错题透视
错因一 审题粗心,忽视语境
例:---Do you know ______ she came here?
---Yes,I do.She came by plane.
A.where B.why C.how D.what
[分析] 本题考查的重点是通过语境,判断所给的连词的用法。本题是一个宾语从句,从第1句的结构和意思看所给的4个答案中除A.where以外填入其余3个都可以.但第一二句“She came by plane.她乘飞机来,说明来的方式,所以只能选c。
[答案] C
哪里来这儿”误选A。学生答题时没有认真分析下句的提示.忽略了词语在语境中的使用。
1.She worked so quietly ______ no one knew she was there.
A.which B.after C.as D.that
2.---We don't know ______ .
---It is said that he Was born in Sweden.
A.what he is doing B.if he lives here C.where he comes from D.which country is he from 错因二 不能区分不同连词的意义和用法
例:He was so tired that he fell asleep ______ he went to bed.
A.as if B.even though C.ever since D.as soon as
[分析] 首先我们要弄清句子的结构。这句话中He was so tired是主句,that he fell asleep是一个结果状语从句,意思是“他入睡了”,这个从句又带有一个从句he went to bed(他上床),从结构和意义来看这是一个时间状语从句。再看四个选项as if(好像),even though(即使),ever since(从那时到现在),as soon as(一……就……),只有as soon as的意义符合空格的要求,所以正确答案是D。
[答案] D
[错因透视] 这是一个考查状语从句连词的试题,本句话是一个多重复合句,学生理解有一定的困难。学生对even though的意义不清楚,而产生误选;since前加了ever后.也易使学生产生迷惑。把C作为正确答案。
1.——We have no idea ______ he is.
——They say he is a policeman.
A.whom B.what C.which D.who
2.——Are you sure you have to do it? It‟s been very late.
——I don't know ______ I can do if not now.
A.where B.why C.when D.how
错因三 部分固定用法记忆不清
例:Do you know what ______ with Jim?
A.is wrong B.wrong is C.wrong was D.the matter is
[分析] 本文考查what's wrong/the matter/the trouble在宾语从句中的语序,因其本身就足陈述语序,故选A=考生则易选B。
[答案] A
[错因透视] 学生由于不清楚“What is wrong/the matter?"本身就是陈述语序而错选B.
1.Study hard,_____ you'll catch up with your friends.
A.but B.and C.or D.so
2.I don't know ______ .
A.what the population of Nanning is B.what is the population of Nanning
C.how much the population in Nanning is
错因四 定语从句关系词的用法混淆
例:I like to live in a house ______ is big and bright.
A.that B.who C.how D.what
[分析] 本句考查简单的定语从句的用法,首先要确定I like to live in a house是主句,句子“______is big and bright”是一个定语从句修饰house,house是物,不能用连词who,排除答案B;how和what仵本句中不能用在定语从句中,也要排除;that既可以用来代替人,也可以代替物,本题的唯一选择是A,,
[答案] A 。
[错因透视] 这是一个考查定语从句连词的试题。学生由于没有理解先行词house是物.而误选B:学生没有
4.——Have the police caught the thieves ______ the bank last week?
——Yes.they were caught yesterday.
A.that robbed B.which robbed C.robbed D.who have robbed