初中被动语态讲解及练习

被动语态讲解及练习

一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二．构成： be 动词 + 过去分词

三. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

主动语态 状语

被动语态

主语 谓语 宾语 状语

四．被动语态的时态：

1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词

2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词

3.一般将来时的被动语态： will be +动词的过去分词

4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词

5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词

6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词

五．特殊情况的被动语态：

1.带双宾语的被动语态：

动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)

口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。

1).give/pass /show/tell/lend等 与介词to 搭配。

give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .

2).但：buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。

buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb

He gave me a book I ______ ______ a book by him.

A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .

My mother made me a cake . I ____ _____ a cake by my mother

A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .

2.后接不带to的不定式的感观动词和使役动态词，在被动语态中，要把to还原。 口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。 如： make sb do sth ----sb + be +made + to do sth

The boss made the workers work all day

The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.

3.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

We should take care of the old .

The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .

4.need，want表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .= All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .

5. 有时也可用“get + 过去分词”表被动，如： get hurt/injured/lost/examed···

四．注意事项：

1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：

last ,have ,own，belong to , begin，end 等。

2. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。不及物动词是没有被动语态：（如：happen ,take place 等都是没有被动语态的)

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.(正确)eg. GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.(错误)

what happened there？ （正确）

what was happened there？ （错误）

3.系动词是没有被动语态（如：look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste）

例：The dish tastes good .

Your idea sounds good

4.sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well）

例：This kind of skirt sells well.

5. 注意used to 的三种易混搭配：

used to do sth 过去常常做某事

be used to do sth 被用来做某事 （普通被动语态）

be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

Exercises 1

1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . （2003天津市）

A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give

2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . （2003重庆市）

A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw D. may not throw

3. You may go fishing if your work . （2003河北省）

A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done

4. The trees must three times a week . （2003长沙市）

A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters

5. — I won’t come to the party unless Sue , too . （2003江西省）

— You mean if Sue comes you’ll come ?

A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited

6. I like my new bike . It very well . （2003江西省）

A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden

7. Mr. Chen has a lond voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom . （2003台湾省）

A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard

8. — It’s time to do your homework , Jack .

— Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the programme . （2003广州市）

A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end

9. You to the meeting , why didn’t you go ? （2003山西省）

A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited

10. A lot of trees along the river last year . （2003四川省）

A. planted B. are planted C. were planted

Exercises 2

(

A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found

(

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

( ) 3

A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung

( _ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

(

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used

(

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep

(

A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold

( _ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

( __ on the table when I leave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left

(

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need

( A.take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you

( ) 12. — Do you like the flower ?

— Yes , it sweet .

A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells

( ) 13. in your class , Ann ?

A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask

( ) 14. Paul doesn’t have to be made . He always works hard .

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

( place in China since 1978 .

A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took

(

A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing

( A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /

( ) 18. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice .

A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels

( ) 19. These books well .

A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell

( lost on his way home yesterday .

A. got B. is C. gets D. has