自考外语教学法第一章练习

《外语教学法》第一章 练习

I. Multiple choices.

( ) 1. In the fifth century B. C. the ancient Greeks began to make a serious

study of language in the realm of ___________.

A. linguistics B. philosophy C.psycholinguistics D. sociolinguistics

( ) 2. Apollonius Dyscolus made an extensive study of the ________ of

Greek.

A. syntax B. grammar C. morphology D. speech

( ) 3. Traditional linguists gave priority to the____________ and used

______________as their starting point.

A. written form; sentences B. written form; words

C. spoken form, words D. spoken form, sentences

( ) 4. Traditional linguists often took a ____________ approach when they

discussed rules of language,

A. systematic B. syntactic C. theoretical D. prescriptive

( )5. ________________were regarded as the two forerunners of American

structuralism.

A. Franz Boas and Leonard Bloomfield

B. Leonard Bloomfield and John B. Watson

C. Franz Boas and Edward Sapir

D. Franz Boas and John B. Watson

( )6. Chomsky claimed that every normal human being was born with a(n)

_____________.

A. ALD B. LAD C. LDA D. ALD

( )7. Noam Choamsky wrote the book ____________________.

A. Language B. The Practical Study of Language

C. How to Teach a Foreign Language D. Syntactic Structures

( )8. ________________, a linguist in America, is regarded as the father of

American structuralism.

A. Dell Hymes B. Edward Sapir C. Franz Boas D. Leonard Bloomfield

( )9. Chomsky holds the position that linguists should study the ___________

of the native speaker.

A. linguistic performance B. linguistic competence

C. communicative performance D. communicative competence

( )10. Stephen Krashen put forward _______________ in the 1970s.

A. the monitor theory B. the acculturation theory

C. the discourse theory D. the hypothesis of linguistic universals

( )11. Daniel Jones wrote a number of works on _______________ of

Enlgish.

A. culture B. phonetics C. grammar D. vocabulary

( )12. Which of the following affective factors was NOT mentioned in

Krashen’s affective filter hypothesis?

A. Interest B. Self-confidence C. Anxiety D. Motivation

( )13. Traditional linguists believed that the written form of language was

_______ the spoken language.

A. different from B. inferior to C. the same as D. superior to

( )14. According to M. A. K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be

taken into consideration in terms of linguistic events?

A. Culture B. Form C. Substance D. Context

( )15. In Krashen’s view, acquisition refers to the ______________ process

leading to the development of competence and is not dependent on the teaching of

grammatical rules.

A. conscious B. subconscious C. unconscious D. overconscious

( ) 16. According to the records available, language study is at least more than ________ centuries.

A. 25 B. 20 C. 15 D. 10

( ) 17. Traditional linguists gave priority to the written form and took_______

as their starting point.

A. words B. phrases C. sentences D. paragraphs

( ) 18. The purpose of foreign language teaching is to enable the student to

actively use the target language in the ____________possible time.

A. shortest B. longest c. fastest D. quickest

( ) 19. _________________ were known as the representatives of the

structural linguistics.

A. Krashen and Terrell B. Hallidy and Chomsky

C. Sapir and Bloomfield D. Fries and Dysculos

( ) 20. Functional linguistics believe “ the meaning of any single word is to a

very high degree dependent on its ______________.”

A. culture B. form C. substance D. context

( ) 21. It was ______________ who created the phrase “context of situation”.

A. Malinowski B. Firth C. Halliday D. Jones

( ) 22. By the mid-_________ the upheaval in linguistics and psycholinguistics

created by Chomsky’s transformational-generative grammar had begun to affect

language pedagogy.

A. 1940s B. 1950s C. 1960s D. 1970s

( ) 23. The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through

the influence of __________ .

A. Noam Chomsky B. J. Piaget C. D. Ausubel D. J.B. Bruner

( ) 24. _________ is NOT discussed in the book Foreign Language Teaching

Methodology?

A. The nature of foreign language teaching methodology

B. The history of foreign language teaching

C. Theories of foreign language teaching methodology

D. The history of the English language

( ) 25. According to the behaviorist, a _________ is formed when a correct

response to a stimulus is consistently rewarded.

A. meaning B. word C. habit D. reaction

( ) 26. In the 19th century，foreign language teachers usually adopted the

strategy of combining grammar rules with ______.

A. reading B. speaking C. writing D. translating

( ) 27. The generative linguist is interested not only in ______ language but

also in explaining language.

A. teaching B. describing C. using D. understanding

( ) 28. Which of the following disciplines does FLTM Not involve?

A. linguistics B. psychology

C. psycholinguistics D. physiology

( ) 29. _______refers to the actual utterances produced by the native speakers.

A. Linguistic competence B. Linguistic Performance

C. Communicative Performance D. Communicative competence

( ) 30. The habit - formation theory comes from the__________.

A. cognitive psychology B. psychoanalysis

C. behaviorist psychology D. Gestalt psychology

( )31. Skinner argued that learning processes could be divided into two kinds __________and______.

A. classical conditioning operant conditioning

B. stimulus response

C. assimilation dissimulation

D. assimilation accommodation

( ) 32. The revolution in linguistic theory in the 1960s refers to the arrival of the

A. Structuralism theory B. Communicative linguistics

C. Transformational - Generative linguistics D. Habit - formation theory

( ) 33. According to Chomsky, _______of a natural language agrees with the

inborn set of general principles.

A. the linguistic competence B. the peripheral grammar

C. the core grammar D. the linguistic performance

( ) 34. According to___________, the appropriate of psychology is to understand

the environmental conditions that would cause an animal on human to behave in a

particular way.

A. behaviorist psychology B. cognitive psychology

C. psychoanalysis D. Gestalt psychology

( ) 35．Boas，a(an)_________，found in his investigations that the traditional grammatical model could not be used to analyze the structures of the Indian language he studied．

A．1inguist B．anthropologist C．archaeologist D．psychologist

( ) 36．Who did find that the Indian languages were virtually very systematic and were very sufficient in communications within their communities?

A．Dyscolus B．Leonard Bloomfield C．Sapir D．Thrax

( ) 37．The_____ linguistics develops directly from the London School of Linguistics．

A．functional B．traditional C．structural D．behaviors

( ) 38．It was ______ who had accomplished the functional linguistics and made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive linguistic theories in the world.

A. Sigmund Freud B. Bronislaw Malinowski C. J.R. Firth D. M. A. K. Halliday

( ) 39. The years between 1940 and 1970 is known as _________ period.

A. the Reform Movement B. Modern Language Teaching and Research

C. Communicative language Teaching D. Structural Language Teaching

( ) 40. The history of foreign language teaching can be traced back to the ancient Roman when ________ was taught as a second language.

A. English B. French C. Latin D. Greek

( ) 41. The formula i+1 put forward by Krashen means input that contains structures ______ the learner’s present level.

A. greatly above B. greatly below C. somewhat above D. somewhat below

( ) 42. In 1957, Noam Chomsky’s book Syntactic Structures was published which started the _________.

A. cognitive psychology B. functional linguistics

C. transformational generative linguistics D. American structuralism

( ) 43. According to Skinner, a well-known behaviorists psychologist, _______ was much more effective than _______ in a teaching situation.

A. reasoning, reward B. reasoning, punishment

C. reward, reasoning D. reward, punishment

( ) 44. The ________ of second language acquisition was developed form Halliday’s theory of first language acquisition.

A. Discourse theory B. Habit formation theory

C. Monitor theory D. Cognitive theory

( ) 45. According to behaviorist psychology, learning a language is a process of acquiring a set of appropriate _______ chains, a mechanical process of habit formation.

A. negative-positive B. stimulus-response

C. question-answer D. requirement-offering

( ) 46. The affective filter hypothesis of Krashen’s Monitor Model states that acquirers with _________ affective filter seek and receive more comprehensible input.

A. low B. average C. high D. very high

( ) 47. Palmer and some other linguists of his time believed that _____played one of the most important roles in foreign language learning.

A. grammar B. phonetics C. vocabulary D. rhetoric

( ) 48. Which of the following is NOT one of the hypotheses put forward by Stephen Krashen?

A. The acquisition-learning hypothesis. B. The natural order hypothesis.

C. The input hypothesis. D. The hypothesis of linguistic universals.

( ) 49. The functional linguistics develops directly from .

A. the transformational generative grammar

B. the habit-formation theory

C. the American School of Linguistics

D. the London School of Linguistics

( ) 50. As an inter-disciplinary science, FLTM makes use of ____________ of different subjects.

A. theories B. rules C. methods D. languages

( ) 51.All of the following principles reflect the influence of structural linguistics and behaviourist psychology in language teaching except that .

A. language is speech, not writing

B. a language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say

C. languages are different

D. competence comes before performance

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Leonard Bloomfield，maintained that linguists should take a(n)_______________approach in analyzing data．

2. Foreign language teaching methodology (FLTM) is a science which studies the ___________ and ___________ of foreign Language teaching, aiming at revealing the ___________ and ___________ of foreign language teaching.

3. Foreign language teaching involves a lot of disciplines such as linguistics, psychology, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. So FLTM is an ___________ science and it makes use of theories of different subjects.

4. Apollonius Dyscolus worked on the basis of Thras’s book and built his ___________ description on the relations between the ___________ and the ___________.

5. Traditional linguistics was ___________ in nature. People made a study of language in order to understand the classic words of ancient times and to teach students.

6. Traditional linguists gave priority to the ___________ ___________ and used ___________ as their starting point. They often took a ___________ approach when they discussed rules of language, because they wanted to set up ___________ and ___________ for people to use language correctly.

7. In Krashen’s view, ___________ refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of competence and is not dependent on the teaching of grammatical rules.

8. Bloomfield and Fries were known as the representatives of the _____________ linguistics.

9. _______________ was a language of communication that people widely studied in

the Western world before the 16th century.

10. In Malinowski’s opinion, an utterance has no ____________________ at all if it is out of the context of situation.

11. Behaviorism believes that basic learning processes could be described in terms of stimuli and____________________.

12. Chomsky maintained that language is an intricate _____________system and a large part of language acquisition is the __________________of this system.

13. Kashen's monitor model of second language development distinguishes two distinct processes in second language development and use: “______________”and “_______________”.

14. The monitor theory was put forward by Stephen Krashen in the late ___________.

15. Some linguists thought that all languages originated from one language and were ruled by a common __________________ .

16. Chomsky divides the grammar of a natural language into ______________ grammar and peripheral grammar.

17. Krashen sees the learner’s emotional state or attitudes as an adjustable _____________ that freely passes or blocks input necessary to acquisition.

18. According to Skinner，a renowned behaviorist psychologist，______________ was much more effective than punishment in a teaching situation.

19. Krashen regards provision of comprehensible ______________ and reduction of stress as keys to successful language acquisition.

20. The establishment of a laboratory of _____________ psychology announced the official birth of the science.

21. Chomsky divides the grammar of a __________ language into core grammar and peripheral grammar.

22. Chomsky maintained that language is not a form of _______________. On the contrary, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.

23. The language acquisition device (LAD) is made up of a set of principles called ______________ grammar.

24. Krashen believes that human beings acquires language in only one way—by receiving “____________” input.

25. According to Palmer, “Rather than focus on _____ of grammatical rules in classroom teaching, the teacher must encourage direct and spontaneous use of the target language in the classroom. ”

26. According to behaviorists, the linguistic habits are formed through identifying and strengthening the _____________ between stimuli and responses.

27. In the fifth century B.C., the ancient Greeks began to make a serious study of language in the realm of ________________.

28. Towards the end of the 19th century, the language teaching innovation 29. Leonard Bloomfield’s book Language was once considered the _______________ of linguistics.

30. Chomsky made the _____________ between linguistic competence and linguistic performance.

31. According to some functional linguist, some utterance has no meaning at all if it is out of the context of ____________.

32. The most important factor that made cognitive psychology dominant in the world is the development of the ______________ technology.

33. By traditional linguistics we mean the linguistic theory that comes directly form or is in line with the traditional study of language in ancient _______________.

34. According to Gestalt psychology, an object was not the ____________of individual parts.

35. The basic distinction between language acquisition and language learning is whether the learner pays a _______________ attention to the rules of the target language.

36. We find it hard to present a full picture of the historical development of foreign language teaching because of scarcity of ______________.

37. By ______________ Schumann and Anderson meant that individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification in attitude, knowledge, and

behavior in order to function well in another culture.

III. Match Column A with Column B.

1. A B

(1) Noam Chomsky a. cognitive psychology

(2) Sigmund Freud b. Behaviorism

(3) B. F. Skinner c. transformational generative

(4) Edward Sapin d. psychoanalysis

(5) Tean Piaget e. structuralism

IV. Questions for short answers.

1. What are the function and result of the two controversies in ancient Greece?

2. What are the main features of traditional linguistics?

3. What are the five hypotheses of the monitor theory?

4. What is language in Chomsky’s opinion?

5. According to the behaviorist psychology, what are the three crucial elements in learning, whether it is of human or animal?

6. In the book Foreign Language Teaching Methodology, four schools of theories related to language study are introduced. What are they?

7. Can you explain the distinction between linguistic competence and linguistic performance?