2011年檀香山宣言:迈向紧密联系的区域经济

2011年亚太经合组织领导人会议宣言(全文)

2011-11-14 来源: 网易财经

11月14日夏威夷讯 2011亚太经合组织发布领导人宣言称，各国重申反对保护主义，将坚持各自的承诺至2015年底。宣言呼吁在今年12月召开第八次WTO成员国部长级会议，加大建立在本次会议上各国就反对保护主义所作的承诺。 各国承诺加大区域经济合作，以至于使经济和市场更加紧密地联系起来，造福各国人民，APEC的主要任务仍是促进区域经济一体化和扩大贸易规模。宣言还说，各国意识到贸易和投资对增加就业和促进经济繁荣至关重要。区域经济一体化在促进地区的和平和稳定中扮演着重要角色。

在认识到APEC经济体各国的发展经验后，我们重申将不懈致力于提供有效的经济和技术合作的支持，并将通过提供更高效的合作，区建立一个无缝区域经体系。

APEC成员国同意到2015年底之前将对所有绿色商品的关税削减到5%以下；在2012年，各国经济学家将制定出一份APEC的绿色环保产品目录，这将能够在直接和间接帮助当地达到绿色和可持续发展目标；2035年将区内总能源消耗量较目前减少45%；声明还表示将削减与绿色商品贸易相关的非关税贸易壁垒。

以下为宣言全文

2011年檀香山宣言——迈向紧密联系的区域经济

亚太经合组织第19次领导人会议

1993年，美国在西雅图附近的布雷克岛举行了第1次亚太经合组织领导人会议，宣告了亚太地区在全球经济舞台上的崛起。今天，我们在太平洋上的夏威夷檀香山聚集一堂，各国领导人面对着发展远远超过乐观预期的亚太地区。我们亚太地区目前是全球经济的领导者，我们通过努力取得了现有的地位，致力于亚太经济合作组织的地区经济一体化，旨在达成自由开放贸易和投资的茂物目标。

我们面临着全球经济前景尚不明朗的时期。在许多国家，经济增长和就业岗位日渐削弱，经济下行风险依然存在，包括欧洲面临的财政危机和亚太地区遭受的一系列自然灾害。 这些挑战只会加强我们合作前行的承诺。在横滨愿景的基础上，我们坚定地支持地区和全球经济强劲、持续和平衡的增长。

我们承认，在2008-2009年全球爆发金融危机后，加强贸易自由化对实现全球经济持续复苏具有至关重要的意义。我们深切关注多哈发展议程面临的困境，实际上，多哈议程的

结果不可能在近期实现。如果我们继续像过去那样主导谈判，那么多哈议程将不可能完成，但是我们不会放弃努力，多哈发展议程的最终结果将取得更大的进步。我们请求各国官员参加不久后召开的世界贸易组织部长级会议，以全新的思路来进行谈判，决心探索全新、可行的方式。这些措施可能涉及多哈议程的特定部分，在临时或最终的基础上达成共识。

亚太地区和其他国家将继续迎接挑战和机遇，对世界贸易组织做出贡献，继续把经济发展作为优先考虑的目标，这一点至关重要。

我们重申反对保护主义的承诺，把这个承诺延长到2015年底。我们敦促在2011年12月召开的世界贸易组织成员国第八次部长级会议，在反贸易保护主义承诺的基础上达成协议，对亚太经合组织做出承诺。我们期望2012年在喀山举行的亚太经合组织贸易部长会议在多哈发展议程上取得成功。我们期待俄罗斯在即将召开的世界贸易组织部长会议上加入世贸组织。

在今年的亚太经合组织会议上，我们承诺采取切实措施，实现无缝地区经济，旨在把各国经济和市场紧密地联合起来，实现共赢。

加强地区经济一体化和扩大对外贸易

亚太经合组织的核心任务是进一步加强经济一体化，拓展本地区之间的贸易。我们在此聚集一堂，旨在实现这些目标，我们认为贸易和投资对各国创造就业和经济繁荣至关重要。我们进一步认识到，加强地区经济一体化在促进促地区和平和稳定方面起到重要作用。

我们在2011年实现了这些目标，解决了新的贸易和投资问题，包括签署贸易协定，建立亚太自由贸易区，这是实现亚太地区经济一体化日程的主要手段。值得一提的是，我们将加强一系列政策，促进高效、非歧视、市场导向的创新措施，为本地区的创新树立典范，作为促进创新的良好途径，此举将增加生产率，确保经济增长速度。我们还决定，地区合作应该包括在全球产业链上加强中小企业参与的贸易协议。

此外，我们将采取下列措施来进一步开放市场，促进地区贸易：

在各国建立可行的最低限额商业准，豁免低额产品的关税，简化报关要求，作为亚太经合组织到2015年底前把产业链水平提高10%做出重要的贡献。

承诺采取特殊举措，解决中小型企业面临的地区贸易壁垒，提高这些企业的生产能力，为各国经济增长和创造就业做出贡献。

在扩大产品范围、增加世界贸易组织信息技术协定成员国的谈判中起到领导作用，为协定的建立做出贡献，促进贸易和投资，带动亚太经合组织成员国的创新。

发起亚太经合组织旅游便利倡议，探索让本地区旅游更快捷、方便和安全的方式。

推动截止到2015年的亚太经合组织结构改革新战略计划，旨在减少隐形贸易壁垒，促进平衡、包容、和持续的经济增长。

推动亚太经合组织跨境隐私制度，减少信息流动壁垒，加强消费者隐私，促进地区数据隐私体系的互通性。

推动亚太经合组织粮食安全新潟宣言，重申我们各国领导人在2008年对食品安全的承诺，适用于出口限制和其他和世界贸易组织规定不一致的贸易措施。

通过放宽航空货运服务限制，促进商业发展，推动经济增长。

提高绿色增长

我们承诺加速分享绿色增长的目标。我们必须解决地区存在的经济和环境挑战，并加速向一个更低碳排放的全球经济增长模式转型，从而保证能源安全，并创造一个行经济增长和就业增加的新源头。

我们在2011年已经朝这些目标迈进。在2012年，各国经济学家将制定出一份APEC的绿色环保产品目录，这将能够在直接和间接帮助当地达到绿色和可持续发展目标；我们将在在2015年前，把对绿色产品的关税降低到5%之下，这一目标将根据APEC成员国在WTO中的地位分配任务，并消除非关税壁垒，包括某些国家对当地生产绿色产品要求引起的不公平贸易因素。通过采取这些实际的行动，我们将帮助通过采取这些具体的新的，将帮助我们的商业和居民，以更低的成本直接接触到关键的环境保护科技，这将进将普及绿色科技的使用，特别是对对APEC地区的可持续发展目前提供支持。

我们还将采取下列措施达到提高绿色科技的目标：

理顺和逐步淘汰低效化石燃料补贴，因为这将鼓励浪费性的消费，同时认识到重要的能源服务的重要性，为居民提供提供必要的能源设施，并成立一个自愿报告机制，以便我们将每年展开检查

ASPIRE决定2035年APEC的总能源强度减少45％

促进能源效率的措施：包括交通、建筑、电网、就业、知识共享和教育方面的升级，并支持智能低碳的社区发展;

把低碳纳入到我们的经济增长计划中，并充分利用亚太经合组织推动这一议程，建立低碳示范镇和其他项目，以及其他低排放的发展战略;

采取适当措施，禁止非法采伐森林产品的贸易，亚太经合组织将采取其他措施，打击非法采伐和相关贸易。

协调监管与合作

监管改革，包括消除不合理的冗余监管和过时的法规，将提高生产力，促进创造就业机会；同时也保护环境和公众健康和安全。此外由于贸易和投资流动变得更加全球化，更大规模的监管协调，制定国际标准，以防止不必要的贸易壁垒阻碍经济增长和就业所必须的。

今年我们又发展了这些目标，到2013年将采取明确的步骤实现良好的监管，措施包括确保内部监管工作协调，评估监管造成的影响，并进行公共咨询。

增加监管制度的衔接和合作，我们还将采取以下步骤：

追求共同目标，防止与贸易有关新兴绿色技术壁垒，包括智能电网互操作性标准，绿色建筑，太阳能技术

加强食品安全系统，促进贸易便利，通过支持全球食品安全基金（Global Food Safety Fund ） ，这个创新的与世界银行伴组织的发展。

确保2014年亚太经合组织的反腐败和开放的政府承诺，通过深化APEC合作执行这一目标。

展望

为促进包容性的区域增长，我们承诺采取具体的行动：扩大APEC经济体中妇女的经济机会。我们欢迎圣旧金山“妇女与经济，并承诺监督其实施”的宣言。

我们赞赏APEC工商咨询理事会（ABAC）所做的贡献。我们认识到，私人企业是贸易、投资和创新的引擎，我们已承诺加强在亚太经合组织私营部门的作用，我们将加大亚太经合组织工作投入，并建立新的公共和私营部门的政策协调关系部门。我们对蒙受悲惨自然灾害的人民表示声援，我们承诺与私营部门和民间社会组织合作，后者作为建立更具弹性的社区和企业的关键部分，将更实质性的进入我们的对突发事件的应急准备工作。

在认识到APEC经济体各国的发展经验后，我们重申将不懈致力于提供有效的经济和技术合作的支持，并将通过提供更高效的合作，区建立一个无缝区域经体系。

尽管已取得了巨大进展。但我们走向真正的无缝区域经济工作仅仅处于起步阶段。我们要求各国部长和官员，推进这项工作，并加强亚太国家经济合作的基础。我们期待在俄罗斯举办的亚太经合组织2012年论坛上评估今天作出的承诺。

以下为宣言英文版全文

2011 Leaders' Declaration

The Honolulu Declaration - Toward a Seamless Regional Economy

The 19th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting

In 1993, when the United States hosted the first Leaders’ Meeting on Blake Island near Seattle, APEC Leaders hailed the rise of the Asia-Pacific’s voice in the global economy. Today, as we gather in Honolulu, in the heart of the Pacific, APEC Leaders look out on a region that is performing beyond even the most optimistic expectations. Our region is now the vanguard for global growth, a status that we have achieved through a steady commitment to the APEC mission of regional economic integration and to the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment.

We meet at a time of uncertainty for the global economy. Growth and job creation have weakened in many economies, and significant downside risks remain, including those arising from the financial challenges in Europe and a succession of natural disasters in our region.

These challenges have only strengthened our commitment to cooperation as the way forward. Building on the Yokohama Vision, we firmly resolve to support the strong, sustained, and balanced growth of the regional and global economy.

We recognize that further trade liberalization is essential to achieving a sustainable global recovery in the aftermath of the global recession of 2008-2009. We have deep concerns regarding the impasse confronting the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), and the reality is that a conclusion of all elements of the Doha agenda is unlikely in the near future. We will not complete the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations as we have in the past, but none of us intends to abandon efforts that would allow for better progress toward the ultimate conclusion of the DDA. We instruct officials to approach the upcoming WTO Ministerial Conference and negotiations beyond it with a view to fresh thinking and a determination to begin exploring fresh and credible approaches. These include possibilities that involve advancing specific parts of the Doha agenda where consensus might be reached on a provisional or definitive basis.

As our economies and others continue to address evolving challenges and opportunities, it will be important for the WTO to contribute, with development as a continuing priority.

We reaffirm our pledge against protectionism through a standstill and extend this commitment through the end of 2015. We urge WTO Members meeting at the Eighth Ministerial Conference in December 2011 to build on the commitment made at APEC through agreement on an anti-protectionist pledge. We direct APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade to use the 2012 meeting in Kazan to assess ways to promote

progress on the DDA in the WTO. We look forward to the conclusion of Russia’s WTO accession process at the upcoming WTO Ministerial Conference.

In APEC this year, we have committed to taking concrete steps toward a seamless regional economy, in order to link our economies and markets ever closer together, to the benefit of all.

Strengthening Regional Economic Integration and Expanding Trade

APEC’s core mission continues to be further integration of our economies and expansion of trade among us. We come together in APEC to pursue these goals, recognizing that trade and investment are critical to job creation and greater economic prosperity for all our economies. We further recognize that strengthening regional economic integration also plays a key role in promoting regional peace and stability.

We have pursued these objectives in 2011 by addressing next-generation trade and investment issues, including through our trade agreements and a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, which is a major instrument to further APEC’s regional economic integration agenda. Specifically, we will advance a set of policies to promote effective, non-discriminatory, and market-driven innovation policy to set a model for innovation in the region as the best path toward fostering innovations that will increase productivity and ensure economic growth (see Annex A). We also decided on areas of cooperation that could be included in our trade agreements to enhance the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in global production chains (see Annex B).

In addition, we will take the following steps to further open markets and facilitate regional trade:

• Establish commercially useful de minimis values in our economies that will exempt low-value shipments from customs duties and streamline entry documentation requirements, as a key contribution to our goal of an APEC-wide 10 percent improvement in supply-chain performance by 2015;

• Undertake specific actions to address the top barriers that SMEs face in trading in the region to boost the capacity of these companies to contribute to economic growth and job creation in our economies;

• Play a leadership role in launching negotiations to expand the product coverage and membership of the WTO Information Technology Agreement, in order to

build on the contribution this Agreement has made to promoting trade and investment and driving innovation in APEC economies;

• Launch the APEC Travel Facilitation Initiative to explore ways to make travel in the region faster, easier, and more secure;

• Implement our APEC New Strategy for Structural Reform plans by 2015 in order to reduce behind-the-border barriers and promote balanced, inclusive, and sustainable growth;

• Implement the APEC Cross Border Privacy Rules System to reduce barriers to information flows, enhance consumer privacy, and promote interoperability across regional data privacy regimes;

• Implement the Niigata Declaration on Food Security, and reaffirm our commitment to a standstill, first made by APEC Leaders in 2008, as it pertains to export restrictions and other WTO-inconsistent trade measures; and

• Facilitate commerce and promote economic growth by pursuing liberalization of air cargo services.

Promoting Green Growth

We are committed to advancing our shared green growth objectives. We can and must address both the region’s economic and environmental challenges by speeding the transition toward a global low-carbon economy in a way that enhances energy security and creates new sources of economic growth and employment.

We have advanced these objectives significantly in 2011. In 2012, economies will work to develop an APEC list of environmental goods that directly and positively contribute to our green growth and sustainable development objectives, on which we are resolved to reduce by the end of 2015 our applied tariff rates to 5% or less, taking into account economies’ economic circumstances, without prejudice to APEC economies’ positions in the WTO. Economies will also eliminate non-tariff barriers, including local content requirements that distort environmental goods and services trade (see Annex C). Taking these concrete actions will help our businesses and citizens access important environmental technologies at lower costs, which in turn will facilitate their use, contributing significantly to APEC’s sustainable development goals.

We will also take the following steps to promote our green growth goals:

• Rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while recognizing the importance of providing those in need with essential energy services, and set up a voluntary reporting mechanism on progress, which we will review annually;

• Aspire to reduce APEC's aggregate energy intensity by 45 percent by 2035; • Promote energy efficiency by taking specific steps related to transport, buildings, power grids, jobs, knowledge sharing, and education in support of energy-smart low-carbon communities;

• Incorporate low-emissions development strategies into our economic growth plans and leverage APEC to push forward this agenda, including through the Low-Carbon Model Town and other projects; and

• Work to implement appropriate measures to prohibit trade in illegally harvested forest products and undertake additional activities in APEC to combat illegal logging and associated trade.

Regulatory Convergence and Cooperation

Regulatory reform, including eliminating unjustifiably burdensome and outdated regulations, can boost productivity and promote job creation, while also protecting the environment and public health, safety, and security. In addition, as trade and investment flows become more globalized, greater alignment in regulatory approaches, including to international standards, is necessary to prevent needless barriers to trade from stifling economic growth and employment.

This year, we have advanced these objectives by committing to take specific steps by 2013 to implement good regulatory practices in our economies, including by ensuring internal coordination of regulatory work; assessing regulatory impacts; and conducting public consultation (see Annex D).

We will also take the following steps to increase convergence and cooperation in our regulatory systems:

• Pursue common objectives to prevent technical barriers to trade related to emerging green technologies, including smart grid interoperability standards, green buildings, and solar technologies;

• Strengthen food safety systems and facilitate trade, including by supporting the Global Food Safety Fund – an innovative capacity-building partnership with the World Bank; and

• Ensure implementation of our APEC anti-corruption and open government commitments by 2014 through deeper cooperation in APEC.

Looking Forward

To promote strong, inclusive regional growth, we commit to take concrete actions to expand economic opportunities for women in APEC economies. We welcome the San Francisco Declaration on Women and the Economy and pledge to monitor its implementation.

We applaud the contributions of the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) to our work. Recognizing that private enterprise is the engine of trade, investment, and innovation, we have committed ourselves to enhancing the role of the private sector in APEC, through greater input into APEC’s working groups and the establishment of new public-private Policy Partnerships. Expressing solidarity with the people affected by tragic natural disasters, we pledge to incorporate the private sector and civil society more substantively into our emergency preparedness efforts, as a critical piece of our efforts to build more resilient communities and businesses.

Recognizing the range of experiences and systems across APEC economies, we reaffirm the importance of supporting our ambitious vision for a seamless regional economy through our abiding commitment to delivering effective economic and technical cooperation.

Enormous progress has been made. But our work toward a truly seamless regional economy is only in the beginning stages. We instruct our ministers and officials to carry forward this work and to strengthen the economic foundation of our shared Asia-Pacific community. We look forward to reviewing further progress when we convene again during Russia’s hosting of APEC in 2012.