大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义

先解决上节课的词汇内容

give away：泄露； give back：送还，恢复； give in：屈服，投降；

give off：释放； give oneself away：露马脚； give oneself up：投案，自首 give out：分开，放出； give up：停止，放弃。

lie与lay：前者注意过去时和过去分词变化(lay, lain)，躺着；后者(laid, laid)表示“放，搁”。

loose与lose：前者是形容词，“松的，散的”，后者是动词，表示“丢失”。 respectable与respectful：均为形容词，前者表示“值得尊敬的”，后者表示“尊敬人的，恭敬的”。

一、对教材知识点的回顾

第十五单元重点内容的回顾

Text A

1.computer----computerize：注意词性的转换。

2.★the same…as：注意词组含义。

3.pull down：注意词组含义。

4. mistake…for：注意词组含义。

5.just as----just like：注意词组区别用法。

6.come to terms：注意词组含义。

7.reflect on：注意词组含义。

8.★come about：注意词组含义，并总结有关come所有词组。

9.large----enlarge：注意词性转换。

10.respect for：注意词组含义。

11.make over：注意词组含义，总结有关与make所有词组。

12.★★remind…of (that…)：注意词组含义。

Text B

1.enroll----enrollment：注意词性转换。

2.★even if(even though)：注意词组含义。

3.in the meantime：注意词组含义。

4.shy away from：注意词组含义。

5.demand for：注意词组含义。

6.convention----conventional----unconventional：注意词性转换。

7.all but：注意词组含义。

8.★be bound to：注意词组含义。

9.account---accountable----accountability：注意词性转换。

10.above all：注意词组含义。

模拟战争：

Scarcely...when 一...就...

A. that it started to snow B. than it started to snow

C. when it started to snow D. and it started to snow

to do about the problem now that this solution has failed.

A. attempt 尝试着去做某事 【先排除】 C. pretend 假装去做某事

D. Intend 打算去做某事

that the telegram arrives in time. 1、must+动词原形2、语态3、意思

A. secure B. ensure C. assure off D. certify

play tennis than golf.

A. like better to B. Prefer to C. would

('d)better do (最好做。。。)

5. We‟ve sugar. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.

A. run away with B. run down C. run off D. run out of

A. up B. off C. out D. from

fine after all.

A. turn into 改变 B. turn out to be 被证明是，结果就是 C. turn over 移交 上交 翻转 D. turn up 出现

8. I‟ the international conference since you have been working on this subject for several years.

A. attend B. attended C. be attended D. had attended

9. If you don‟ for you, it will work against you. rather do/than D. had

A. work B. worked C. working D. to work

10. I didn‟ to me.

A. happened B. entered C. occurred D. hit

Ⅱ. Cloze Test（10 points, 1 point for each)

下列短文有十个空格，每个空格有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

We all believe that modern technology can make life better because it makes learnt to know. Our day begins with speedy urges：the alarm rings and you You take a quick shower. Then you wake the kids and . At the dining table, you swallow some slices of bread with a cup of tea．you hurry to the car, thinking of the things you would buy from the supermarket on the 20 minutes in the busy traffic，you reach your workplace, g by l0‟clock in the morning. ，the further we fall behind. Not only in the literal sense of not getting done what we set out to do，has come to the point where my days feel like an Olympic marathon.

11．A. speeding B. setting C. waking D. looking

12．A. away from B. on to C. back on D. out of

13．A. 1ook B. break C. rush D. see

14．A. is done B. begins C. works D. is gone

15．A. to home B. home C. at home D. from home

16．A. leaping B. walking C. driving D. moving

17．A. a great deal of +不可数n. B. a number of +可数n.（复） C. a lot of +不/可数n. （复） D. a couple of

18．A. subject B. project C. object D. inject

19．A. more B. slower C. faster D. less

20．A. but also B. as well C. too D. either

Passage One

Many people think New York is a noisy city. In fact, scientists who study noise say that the average noise level in New York is 72.5 decibels. This is a little louder than normal conversation, which is 65 decibels. The noise level is the result of so many people and cars in the same area.

Now even the insides of taxis are noisy. When you get into a taxi, you hear the voice of a well-known singer, sports reporter, or Broadway actress giving instructions. That‟s right. The voice of a famous person tells you what to do. One popular singer gives this message:” Cats have nine lives, but you have only one, to fasten your seat beat!” Other voices say things such as “Don‟t forget to collect all your belongings.”(People often leave hats, umbrella, and bags in taxis.)

There is a good reason for the messages. There are more than 12,000 cabs in New York, and every year taxis get into more than 15,000 accidents. In an accident, people who don‟t wear seat belts hit the partition, the glass wall separating the driver and passengers in the taxi. They can hurt their foreheads or break their noses or chins. Every year, about 11,000 people are injured in this way.

Many people are annoyed by the voices. Cabdrivers in particular dislike the messages. ”I play the messages 12 hours a day. I hear the same voices 60 times a day. It makes me crazy,” says Atnis, a 45-year-old cabdriver. “But if I don‟t play the messages, I get fined $100.” A lot of passengers complained, too. “It‟s too much noise,” says a passenger, “I asked the driver to turn off the message, but he said he can‟t.”

Other people think the voices are a great idea. One taxi driver says,” People like to hear the famous voices, and they put on their seat belts more often.” And passengers from out of town really like the idea. “Most of the time, taxi drivers are in a bad mood, ”says Melanie Benton, who visits New York often on business, “It's nice to hear a cheerful voice when you get into a cab.”

21. The sentence” Cats have nine lives, but you have only one” implies

A. human beings have only one life B. cats live longer than human beings

C. cats will have new lives after they die D. human beings should value their lives .

A. those who wear seat belts B. those who like messages

C. those who do not wear seat belts D. those who dislike messages

23. It can be inferred from the passage that a taxi driver hears the same voices every day.

A. about 5 times an hour B. about 6 time an hour

C. about 50 times an hour D. about 60 times an hour

24. The cabdrivers play the messages again and again because ________.

A. they are willing to do so B. they do not want to pay a fine

C. the passengers ask them to do so D. the voice of the messages is cheerful

25. The author of this passage seems to believe that _______.

A. Now York is the noisiest city in the U.S.

B. messages played by taxi drivers are useless

C. messages in taxis should be voiced by famous people

D. voices from taxis partly caused the high noise level of New York

Passage Two

It is often said that politeness costs nothing. In fact, it seems that a little more politeness could save businesses￡5 billion every year. Frequently hearing the phrase” thank you” or” well done” means the same to staff as modest pay rise.

Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs. In this way the business companies can save the cost of finding new employees. A third of 1,000 workers surveyed by a consulting firm said they did not get thanked at all when they did well一and a further third said they were not thanked

enough. In both cases，staff said they felt undervalued，meaning they were less likely to exert themselves and were more likely to look for employment elsewhere.

The result of the survey shows that there would be around￡5.2 billion loss in productivity if the employees felt less appreciated. According to the firm，praising staff has the same positive effect as a 1 per cent pay rise—and works out much cheaper for bosses. Three out of four employees said that regular acknowledgement by their bosses was important to them, but only a quarter said they were actually given as much praise as they felt they needed.

The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to be given any recognition for doing well. But it seems that they most need such praise.

In regional terms，Scottish staff felt most undervalued. Four out of ten workers said they were never thanked and eight out of ten said they would like more praise. However, workers in the North-East are less impressed by being praised by the boss，as only 69 per cent said they felt the need to be told ”well done”regularly. Older employees and women need the most reassurance，according to psychologist Averil Leimon. She said that words of praise did more than creating a pleasant place to work—they could even promote profits.

26．The survey indicates that politeness could save businesses a huge amount of money every year because_______.

A．politeness makes employees expect pay rise

B．politeness is less likely to make staff work harder

C．politeness helps employers find proper employees

D．politeness helps employers reduce the cost of staff employment

27．Workers doing well but not getting thanks from their bosses will probably_______.

A．leave for jobs elsewhere

B．work harder to get praise from their bosses

C．exert themselves in their work to get pay rise

D．work harder to get encouragement from their bosses

28．According to the survey, _______of the employees believed they were praised as much as expected.

A．25％ B．30％ C．40％ D．75％

29．The survey shows that those who do not pay much attention to praise are________.

A．staff from Scotland

B．workers in North-East

C．older and women employees

D．employees of blue-collar and physical jobs

30．It can be concluded from the passage that_____________.

A．blue-collar employees are expecting more pay rise

B．pleasant workplace could promote business profits

C．pay rise is an important motivation for manual workers

D．words of praise could possibly increase business profits

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage．

A centuries-old tradition, illustrated in a modern children‟s book, link the sweetness of honey with the joy of learning to read.

„'The grandpa held a jar of honey so that all the family could see. He then dipped a spoon into it and put some honey on the cover of a small book.

The little girl had just turned five.

„Stand up，little one，‟he asked the girl softly. „I did this for your mother, your uncles，your older brother, and now you!‟

Then．He handed the book to her. „Taste!‟

She touched the honey with her finger and put it into her mouth.

„What‟s that taste?‟ the grandma asked.

The little girl answered,„ Sweet!‟

Then all of the family said in a single voice，„Yes，and so is knowledge，but knowledge is from the bee that made that sweet honey, you have to go after it through the pages of a book!‟

The little girl knew that the promise to read was at last hers. Soon she was going to learn to read.”

This is the beginning of a profoundly moving children‟s book entitled Thank You, Mr. Falker. In this book, Patricia Polacco writes of her own passion to read, inspired by the honey on the book. It wasn‟t until fifth grade that she met her beloved teacher who provided the help that she needed to finally unlock the magic of the written word.

Reading this book, we are in fact acquainted with some enduring traditions of child education that stress the importance of verbal capacity at a very early age.

The child learning to read is admitted into a collective memory by way of books. And with the printed words that are active with meaning, the child becomes acquainted with a common past which he or she renews, to a greater or lesser degree，in every reading. Much as the author of the book Thank You, Mr．Falker puts it,” Almost as if it were magic, or as if 1ight poured into her brain, the words and sentences started to take shape on the page as they never had before…And she understood the whole thing…Then she went into the living room and found the book on a shelf, the very book that her grandpa had shown her so many years ago. She spooned honey on the cover and tasted the sweetness…Then she held the book, honey and all，close to her chest. She could feel tears roll down her cheeks, but they weren‟t tears of sadness—she was happy, so very happy.”

31．The girl who tasted the honey on the book was________

A．nearly six years old B．1ess than five years old

C．more than six years old D．a little more than five year sold

32．It can be inferred from the passage that_________

A．the girl‟s mother and uncles were good scholars

B．Mr．Falker helped Patricia Polacco write her book for children

C．the honey-on-the-book tradition has been practiced for many generations

D．the girl who tasted the honey on the book writes the book Thank you, Mr．Falker

33．The book entitled Thank You, Mr.FaIker is about_____________

A．the early life of Mr．Falker

B．Polacco’s early experience with reading

C．the magic power of written words on children

D．how the honey on the book makes children feel happy

34．The main purpose of this passage is to_____________

A．introduce a “profoundly moving” children’s book

B．tell that children‟s verbal capacity is very important

C．show that words are magic and they make children happy

D．show how the girl who tasted the honey on the book grew into a writer

35．The last paragraph implies that the happiness of the little girl came from_________

A．the honey she tasted

B．the ability to read books

C．the book her grandpa had shown her

D．the collective memory that accepted her

56． 11. The New York Times ________ (be) popular with those statesmen.

57. The people in your town are far _______ (friendly) than we expected.

58. Injury problem could _______ (short) basketball player's career.

59. I will tell Mary the truth instead of you, but I'd rather you _______ (tell) her.

60. By the time I graduate from university, I _______ (be) a student for 15 years.

61. This famous poem should _________ (translate) into Chinese because it is really worth reading.

62. According to the latest report, more and more young people intend to learn __________ (economy) and social science.

63. The dancer might have been killed in the crash if she _________ (go) to American by plane.

64. (catch) _________ by the host for stealing, the boy felt rather ashamed.

65. It's obvious that you hurt my feeling on purpose, so it's no use _________

(make) an apology.

66.要不是心眼目睹，我还不信呢。

67.科学家们一直在思索生命的起源。

68.维修的全部费用高达500美元。

69.他是那种无论做什么都能取得成功的年轻人。

70.你要做的唯一的事就是给她打个电话。

Ⅶ. E-C Translation（15 points)

将下列短文译成汉语。

In order to provide a home, food and clothing for himself and his family, every worker needs a job at a reasonable wage. He joins a trade union(工会) because the trade union helps him. An important duty of the trade union is to help their members when they are unable to work because of illness, or accidents at work, and when they become too old to continue working. In the early days of the trade union movement, before the States provided health and unemployment insurance and old age pensions(养老金), this kind of help was much more important than it is today.

Every member of a trade union pays a small sum of money each week, called his subscription(会费). This covers the cost of organizing the union, and provides the fund to help the members. From this fund members also receive help if they go on strike against their employers, or are locked out(解雇)by them.

同学们到今天为止，华夏大地教育网2013年10月考试前的重点班辅导就结束了，也就是说，旧版教材的最后一次重点班讲解就从此尘埃落定了。在考试之前，再次强调：希望大家能在课下针对每一单元中的word study例句和课后翻译练习认真主动地去做一做。同时在复习过程中，始终要坚持把教材中的每个单元每一自然段的含义都要基本弄懂，因为有时出题往往是从教材中的某一单元的某一段提炼出来让学员翻译，这属于给分题，千万不要错失良机。

在这里我真心祝愿大家能顺利地通过考试！

勤奋+努力+诡计=成功！ 祝同学们考试顺利！