动词与副词
中考复习-------动词和副词
动词
一定要记牢动词的现在分词,过去式,过去分词
系动词:大概是最简单的动词了。只需注意的是系动词除了be 的形式之外,还有become ,get ,grow ,turn ,sound ,look ,smell ,taste 等,它们不能单独作谓语, 必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 所以用的时候,可要小心为是呀!如:It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美) 。delicious 是形容词,不是副词。 情态动词:首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must 和need 几乎是每年的必考题,这里我们重点讲一下。
must 的意思是" 应当,必须" ,侧重于说话者的主观看法,没有时态变化,其否定式是mustn't ,在"Must I(we) ...."的疑问句中,须注意的是其否定回答常用needn't 。如:Must I go?(我一定要走吗?) No,you needn't.(不,不必。) need 意为" 需要" 。既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词,因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时,need 后跟名词,动名词,或不定式。如:I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时,后跟动词原形。如:You needn't come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙,明天就不必来了。)
实意动词: 实意动词可谓家族兴旺,人员众多。我们跑(run),我们跳(jump),我们笑(laugh),这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。 stop :这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋,到底什么时候加to do,什么时候加
doing 呢? 两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK, Come with me. 看下面两个句子。
When the teacher came in, they stopped to read.
When the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
第一句的意思是" 当老师进来时,他们停下来开始读书" 。而第二句的意思是 " 老师进来时,他们停止了说话" 。所以stop to do sth表示" 停止正在做的事情去干另一件事" 。而stop doing表示" 中断正在做的某事" 。现在明白了吗?
forget ,remember ,regret 这三个词用法基本相同,只要记住+doing 表示" 事情已经做过" ,+to do表示" 事情还未做" 就可以了。forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) 如:The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。 ( 没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
感官动词:see,watch, notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel 等 +do 表示动作的完整性,真实性 +doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性。如:I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调" 我看见了" 这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调" 我见他正干活" 这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
副词
一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词,如形容词quick
加上-ly 变成副词quickly 。但是象friendly , lovely 虽然以 ly 结尾,但实则是形容词,She is friendly to me (她对我很友好。) 可千万不要误认为是副词哟!
副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词,这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。
already 和 yet :
Where is Tom? He hasn't come yet. But Jack is already here . 这句话中又是 already ,又有yet ,是怎么回事吗?原来already 和yet 意思虽然相同,但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用 already ,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already 的肯定句,变为否定句时,要将already 变为yet ,且放在句尾。yet 表示预料要发生的事未发生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
还迷糊吗?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句喽。
hard 和 hardly :
hard ,hardly 两者虽然只有-ly 之差,意义却大不相同。hard 表示" 辛苦,使劲,努力," 如:He works very hard.(他学习非常努力。) 而hardly 为否定副词,表示" 几乎不" 。如:The box is so heavy that he could hardly carry it .(这箱子是那么沉,他几乎搬不动。)
ago 和 before :
ago 不能单独使用,应与three days (months , weeks) 等连用, 而且和动词的过去时连用。如: I met my neighbour an hour ago. Before 之前有" 一段时间" 时,指" 距这段时间以前" ,和过去完成时连用。如:He said he had finished the work two days before.(他说他两天前已完成了工作。) 如果before 单独使用,是泛指" 以前" ,常常和完成时连用。如:I have seen the film before.(我以前没看过这部电影。)
farther 和 further:
far 有两种比较级,farther ,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。如: He runs farther than she does.(他比她跑得远。)在美语中,farther 表示距离,further 表示进一步。 如: I have nothing further to say.(我没什么要说的了。)
练习:
1. The teacher was very angry and decided to send ______school, so he wasn't a student any longer.
A. away him from
B. him away from the
C. away him out of
D. him away from
2. _______, he didn't fail in the English exam.
A. Luck
B. Lucky
C. Luckily
D. Luckly
3. -Are you feeling ____?
-Yes ,I'm fine now.
A. any well
B.any better
C.quite good
D.quite better
4. The more we looked at the picture, _________.
A. the less we liked it
B. we like it less
C. better we like it
D. it looked better
5. After the new machine was introduced,the factory produced ___ shoes in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as
6. Our English needs to be______improved.
A. farther
B. farthest
C. further
D. far
7. What a pity! Lucy ran _______ more slowly than Lily.
A. a few B. much C. a little D. little
8. He is running _______now.
A. more slowly and more slowly B. slowlier and slowlier
C. more and more slowly D. slowly and slowly
9. Last night my father went back _________later than before.
A. quite B. very C. even D. much more
10.The sick man was too thin to go any _______.
A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest
1. The answer is nice and soft. Shall I ______the shopkeeper if I can try it on?
A. ask B. answer
C. speak D. tell
2. Tickets, please. May I ______your ticket please, madam?
A. show B. watch
C. find D.see
3. It's not good to ______when you are waiting for a bus.
A. stand in line B. get on well
C. jump the queue D. wait for your turn
4. It's hard to count the monkeys, they're running and jumping__________.
A. at times B. all the time
C. more or less D. right away
5. I'm sorry, we've _______the shoes in your size.
A. paid for B. put on C. sold out D. put away
6. Weihua's pen was________, so she needed a new one.
A. broken B. long C. cheap D. here
7. You can often buy things from their shop _______home.
A. of the way B. by the way C. another way of D. on your way
8. The teacher in the school library is very________. You must return your library book on time!
A. kind B. lonely C. strict D. polite
9. Thanks to man-make satellite, the world itself is becoming a much smaller_____.
A. space B. place C. room D. universe
10. I like the sweater, but it ________too much.
A. uses B. takes C. costs D. spends
11. Father Christmas lands on top of _______house and climbs down the chimney into the fire-place.
A. each B. all C. either D. both
12. The ice is very thin. It's _______dangerous _____walk on it.
A. so, that B. as, as C. from, to D. too, to
13. One day his mother was ill. She ______a doctor.
A. sent for B. sent away C. sent up D. fell behind
14. He _______the radio and listened to the music.
A. opened B. turned on C. turned off D. closed
15. The doctor _______Mrs Brown very carefully and then said: " There's nothing much wrong with you."
A. watched B. operated C. looked over D. looked after
1. Wang Lin _______some help. Can you help him?
A. needs B. want
C. need to D. ask
2. All of us enjoy _______football very much.
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
3. ---- The light in the classroom is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
4. I regret ___ the window.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having broken
5. His grandparents saw her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
6. ---What's this in English?
---Sorry, I can't _____it in English.
A. tell
C. speak
D. talk
7. --- _____I finish my homwork today?
---No, you needn't.
A. Can
B. May
C. Must
D. Need
8. In Spring , the days ______longer and longer, the trees _______green.
A. get, turn
B. gets, turns
C. got, turned
D. have got, have turned
9. When the traffic lights are red, you ________stop.
A. can
B. must
C. won't
D. needn't
10. When the teacher came into the classroom, I ________to my deskmate.
A. stopped to talk
B. stopped talking
C. stop to talk
D. stop talking
1. ---Whose calculator is it?
--- It's ______.
A. she's
B. hers
C. her
D. she
2. _______December 23, Mr and Mrs Hopkens flew to London for a trip.
C. at
D. for
3. The Science Museum is located ________the centre of the town.
A. with
B. near
C. beside
D. in
4. Do you think maths is ________important than English?
A. very
B. as
C. more
D. quite
5. The captain has a _______daughter.
A. five-years-old
B. five years old
C. five year old
D. five -year-old
6. Two fishermen saw ______in the sky while they were fishing by a river.
A. something strange
B. anything strange
C. strange something
D. strange anything
7. They got a Christmas tree and it was ______ours.
A. so tall as
B. so taller as
C. as tall as
D. as taller as
8. Who's ______woman over there?
A. /
D. an
9. A: _______have the scientists been there?B. For about two years.
A. How many times
B. How
C. What time
D. How long
10. _______that pair of new ________expensive?
A. Is, shoe B. Are, shoe C. Is, shoes D. Are, shoes
11. Dick jumped into a large hole ________he saw the bear.
A. while B. as soon as C. until D. if
12. _______cold weather it is at the South Pole!
A. What B. What an C. How D. What a
13. I don't know ________last night.
A. why they didn't go to the movies B. when they didn't go to the movies
C. why didn't they go to the movies D. when didn't they go to the movies
14. There aren't many oranges here, but you can take _______if you want to.
A. few B. a few C. a little D. little
15. Tom failed in the exam. He looked ________.
A. happy B. sadly C. upset D. lovely