培根:论爱情(Bacon Of Love)

The stage is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage,love is ever matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life itdoth much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury.

舞台上的爱情生活比生活中的爱情要美好得多。因为在舞台上，爱情只是喜剧和悲剧的素材，而在人生中，爱情却常常招来不幸。它有时象那位诱惑人的魔女(1)，有时又象那位复仇的女神(2)。

You may observe, that amongst allthe great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient orrecent) there is not one, that hath been transported to the mad degree of love:which shows that great spirits, and great business, do keep out this weakpassion. You must except, nevertheless, Marcus Antonius, the half partner ofthe empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius, the decemvir and lawgiver; whereof theformer was indeed a voluptuous man, and inordinate; but the latter was anaustere and wise man: and therefore it seems (though rarely) that love can findentrance, not only into an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, ifwatch be not well kept.

你可以看到，一切真正伟大的人物（无论是古人、今人，只要是其英名永铭于人类记忆中的），没有一个是因爱情而发狂的人。因为伟大的事业只有罗马的安东尼和克劳底亚是例外(3)。前者本性就好色荒淫，然而后者却是严肃多谋的人。这说明爱情不仅会占领开旷坦阔的胸怀，有时也能闯入壁垒森严的心灵 ----假如手御不严的话。

It is a poor saying of Epicurus,Satis magnum alter alteri theatrum sumus; as if man, made for the contemplationof heaven, and all noble objects, should do nothing but kneel before a littleidol, and make himself a subject, though not of the mouth (as beasts are), yetof the eye; which was given him for higher purposes.

埃辟克拉斯(4)曾说过一句笨话：“人生不过是一座大戏台。”似乎本应努力追求高尚事业的人类，却只应象玩偶般地逢场作戏。虽然爱情的奴隶并不同于那班只顾吃喝的禽兽，但毕竟也只是眼目色相的奴隶，而上帝赐人以眼睛本来是有更高尚的用途的。

It is a strange thing, to notethe excess of this passion, and how it braves the nature, and value of things,by this; that the speaking in a perpetual hyperbole, is comely in nothing butin love. Neither is it merely in the phrase; for whereas it hath been wellsaid, that the arch-flatterer, with whom all the petty flatterers haveintelligence, is a man's self; certainly the lover is more. For there was neverproud man thought so absurdly well of himself, as the lover doth of the personloved; and therefore it was well said, That it is impossible to love, and to bewise. Neither doth this weakness appear to others only, and not to the partyloved; but to the loved most of all, except the love be reciproque. For it is atrue rule, that l

ove is ever rewarded, either with the reciproque, or with aninward and secret contempt.

过度的爱情追求，必然会降低人本身的价值。例如，只有在爱情中，才总是需要那种浮夸陷媚的词令。而在其他场合，同样的词令只能招人耻笑。古人有一句名言：“最大的奉承，人总是留给自己的。”----只有对情人的奉承要算例外。因为甚至最骄傲的人，也甘愿在情人面前自轻自贱。所以古人说得好：“就 是神在爱情中也难保持聪明。”情人的这种弱点不仅在外人眼中是明显的，就是在被追求者的眼中也会很明显----除非她（他）也在追求他（她）。所以，爱情 的代价就是如此，不能得到回爱，就会得到一种深藏于心的轻蔑，这是一条永真的定律。

By how much the more, men oughtto beware of this passion, which loseth not only other things, but itself! Asfor the other losses, the poet's relation doth well figure them: that he thatpreferred Helena,quitted the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever esteemeth too much ofamorous affection, quitteth both riches and wisdom.

由此可见，人们应当十分警惕这种感情。因为它不但会使人丧失其他，而且可以使人丧失自己本身。甚至其他方面的损失，古诗人早告诉我们，那追求海伦的人，是放弃了财富和智慧的(5)。

This passion hath his floods, invery times of weakness; which are great prosperity, and great adversity; thoughthis latter hath been less observed: both which times kindle love, and make itmore fervent, and therefore show it to be the child of folly. They do best, whoif they cannot but admit love, yet make it keep quarters; and sever it wholly fromtheir serious affairs, and actions, of life; for if it check once with business,it troubleth men's fortunes, and maketh men, that they can no ways be true to theirown ends.

由此可见，人们应当十分警惕这种感情。因为它不但会使人丧失其他，而且可以使人丧失自己本身。甚至其他方面的损失，古诗人早告诉我们，那追求海伦的人，是放弃了财富和智慧的(5)。

I know not how, but martial men aregiven to love: I think, it is but as they are given to wine; for perils commonlyask to be paid in pleasures.

我不懂是什么缘故，使许多军人更容易堕入情网，也许这正象他们嗜爱饮酒一样，是因为危险的生活更需要欢乐的补偿。

There is in man's nature, a secretinclination and motion, towards love of others, which if it be not spent upon someone or a few, doth naturally spread itself towards many, and maketh men becomehumane and charitable; as it is seen sometime in friars.

人心中可能普遍具有一种博爱倾向，若不集中于某个专一的对象身上，就必然施之于更广泛的大众，使他成为仁善的人，象有的僧侣那样。

Nuptial love maketh mankind; friendlylove perfec

teth it; but wanton love corrupteth, and embaseth it.

夫妻的爱，使人类繁衍。朋友的爱，给人以帮助。但那荒淫纵欲的爱，却只会使人堕落毁灭啊！

附注：

(1) 古希腊神话，传说地中海有魔女，歌喉动听，诱使过往船只陷入险境。

(2) 原文为“Flries”，传说中的地狱之神。

(3) 安东尼，恺撒部将。后因迷恋女色而战败被杀。克劳底亚，古罗马执政官，亦因好色而被杀。

(4) 埃辟克拉斯（前342--前270年），古罗马哲学家。

(5) 古希腊神话，传说天后赫拉，智慧之神密纳发和美神维纳斯，为争夺金苹果，请特洛伊王子评判。三神各许一愿， 密纳发许以智慧，维纳斯许以美女海伦，天后许以财富。结果王子把金苹果给了维纳斯。