初三英语重点句型及语法复习
1. I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法,我已经学到了很多东西.
2. -How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备? -I study by working with a group.
我通过参与小组来学习。
3. It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4. Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. 记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently.卫明有不同的感受. 6. He finds watching movies frustrating.
他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7. I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。
8. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. 随后,我认
识到听不懂每个词并没有关系
9.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
10.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
11.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
12.. It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of
1.How 在本单元中询问方式、方法,意为“怎样,怎么,如何”。回答时常用by短语或后
by接动词-ing形式,表示用......手段、方式。 —How do you usually go to school? 你通
常怎样去上学。—On foot. 步行。
2、how 用于询问动作的执行程度,译为“怎样”。 如:—How do you like China? 你觉
得中国怎么样? —I like it very much. 非常喜欢。
3、how 用于询问身体健康状况,译为“怎么样”。如:—How are you? 你好吗?—I’m fine,
thank you. 我很好,谢谢
4、how 用在第一次见面的问候语中。如: How do you do? 你好!
5、how about 用于询问或征询意见等,相当于 what about ,后接名词、代词或动词的 -ing
形式,译为“„„怎么样”、“„„好不好”。如: I like playing football. How about you? 我
喜欢踢足球。你呢?
6、how many 用于询问人或物品的数量,后接可数名词的复数形式,译为“多少”。如:
—How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少名学生?—There are
sixty-five. 六十五名。
7、how much 既可询问物品数量,后接不可数名词,译为“多少”;又可询问物品价格,译
为“多少钱”。例略。
8、how old 询问年龄,译为“多大”。如:—How old are you? 你多大了?—I’m twelve.
我十二岁。
9、how far 用于询问距离,译为“多远”。如:—How far is it from here to the station? 从
这里到车站有多远?—About three hundred metres. 大约三百米。
10、how long 既可询问时间,译为“多久”,又可询问物品的长度,译为“多长”。如:
How long does it last? 这要持续多久? How long is the river? 这条河有多长?
2.1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我
的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里我的生活变化很大.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的. 7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a
lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.
4.构成:used to +动词原形 用法:表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不发生或
存在。
5.句型转换:否定句:didn't use to 或used not to 一般疑问句:Did sb use to 或 used
sb to
相似短语: be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事 Be used to do sth 被用来做某事
1. --I think students should be allowed to go out with their friends. --I agree. / I disagree.
2. --Do you think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to work at night? --Yes, I do. / No, I
don’t.
6.3. I don’t think teenagers should be allowed to drive. 我认为不应该允许16岁的青少
年驾车。
4. I have to stay at home on school nights. 在上学的日子里,我晚上必须呆在家。
5. I’m serious about running. 但我对跑步极感兴趣。/ 热衷于跑步。
6. We have a lot of rules at my house. So do we. 我们家有很多家规。我们家也有。
7. Peter should be allowed to take the test later. 应该允许彼得晚些参加考试。 8.What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为应改变哪些学校规定?
9.Sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork.有时这些爱好会妨碍学习。
10.Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they
want.青少年经常认为应该允许他们随心所欲地去践行他们的爱好。
11.
。只有那样我才有机会实现
被动语态(详见9单元语法讲解)
1. What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会怎么做呢?
2. If I were you, I’d talk to someone who looks friendly. 如果我是你,我将和看起来友好的人
讲话。 4.what do you think I should tell the rest of the students?你认为我应当告诉其余的同学们什
么?
5. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. 你喜欢和一个或两个人交谈,而不是一群人。
6. You must always hide medicine from children.你必须把药藏到小孩子们看不到的地方。
7.
It gives advice on what to do in lots of situations.这本书针对很多不同情况下该怎么做提
出了建议。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条
件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
一、条件状语从句分类
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假
设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 eg: If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the
bus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。( 真实)
If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实)
If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(我不可能是你。非真实,虚
拟语气)
If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(不可能没有空气。非真
实,虚拟语气)
二、用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句:If主语+过去时 (be动词用were), 主句:主语
+should/would/could/might+do
eg: If I were you,I would take an umbrella.(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. (事实:
地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.(事实:没带钱)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况:从句:If主语+had+done 主句:主语
+should/would/could/might+have done
eg: If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会
见到她。(事实:去晚了)
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do
7.eg: If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我
就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
1、If you have any idea where might be please call me.如果你知道它可能在哪,请打电话给
我。
2、It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30%to the final exam.关键是我必须学,
因为它占期末考试的30%。
3、What do you think “anxious” means?你认为“anxious”是什么意思?
4、He could be running for exercise.他可能是跑步锻炼身体。
5、He might be running to catch a bus.他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。
6、Why do you think the man is running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑?
7.Be careful of the person who does not talk, and the dog that does not bark.明抢易挡,暗
箭难防。
真人不露相。
如何用must , may,might , can, could来表达推测
1. Must用在肯定句中表示 较有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”。“Must+动词原形”或“must
be +现在分词”,表示对现在的状态或现在正在发生的事情的推测,must have done表示对
过去的情况的推测。
Whose notebook is this? It must be Ming's . It has her name on it. 这是谁的笔记本?它
一定是明的,上面有她的名字。
2. may/might/could+动词原形表示对现在的情况把握不大的推测,意为“也许,可能,大概”。
It could be Mei's hair band.它可能是梅的发带。
3. Can't/couldn't+动词原形表否定的推测,意为“不可能”。
那个人不可能是王先生,他生病住院了。
1.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。
2.We prefer music that has great lyrics.我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。
3.What do you dislike about this CD.你不喜欢这张CD的什么?
4.What does it remind you of?它使你想起了什么?
5. It does have a few good features, though.然而,它的确也有一些好的方面。
6.She really has something for everyone.每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。
7.Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.无论怎样,你都不能错过这次展出。
8.As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy.正如乐队名字所暗示的那样,这支乐队很有活力。
’d eat nuts instead.如果我是你,我会改吃坚果。
定语从句
一、定语从句的概念 : 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
二、定语从句的关系词 : 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系词的用法:
关系代词
关系副词
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语可省略)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(which 作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(which作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,作宾语可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面 帮助我的那
个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom作宾语)
4.关系代词whose的用法。whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。
例:I saw a woman whose bag (=the bag of whom )was stolen.我看见了一个皮包被偷了的妇女。
Please show me the book whose cover (=the cover of which)is red.请把封面是红色的那本书拿给我看看。
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略, 但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which(物)/whom(人)”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。=This is the house which/that we lived in last year.
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.=Please tell me( whom /who /that )you borrowed the English novel from.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)当关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
eg:Be careful of the dog that does not bark. 当心不叫的狗.(that 作主语,先行词the dog 为单数,谓语动词用does not否定)
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级 时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much,every, many, some, little, few ,something, everything, anything,nothing, none, the one等指物的不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 注意:当先行词为anyone ,everyone,those , all, any等指人的不定代词时,用who
I will shoot anyone who moves.谁动我就射击谁。
.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
先行词里既有人又有物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
主句是there be 结构,先行词是物,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
注:在以There be…开头,先行词为人的句子中,常用who、whom引导定语从句.Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you.
.当关系词在从句中作表语时 She is no longer the girl that she wanted to be .她已不再是她想成为的那个女孩了。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.先行词指物,关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间
四、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 1. where would you like to go on vacation? I’d like to trek through the jungle.
2. l like places where the weather is always warm.
3. I like to go somewhere relaxing 我喜欢去休闲的地方
4. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris?你下次度假为什么不考虑去巴黎?
5. Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.乘坐出租车游览巴黎要花费很多钱
6. So unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you. 因此,除非你自己会讲法语,否则最好与一个能为你翻译的人一起去。
7. We’d like to be away for three weeks. 我们大约要去三个星期.
8. I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer 我希望能给我提供一些贵公司能经营的旅游项目的信息.
10.Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?你能给我一些有关度假地的建议吗?
Ⅱ. 以-ed结尾和以-ing结尾的形容词
以-ing和-ed的结尾的形容词,常用来表示“特征”和“状态”。具体用法如下:
1、-ing 结尾的形容词
1) -ing 结尾的形容词,主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。通常译为“令人„„的”。(如:amazing令人吃惊的 boring令人厌烦的 embarrassing令人尴尬的,令人难堪的 interesting 有趣的 surprising 令人吃惊的 worrying 令人着急的 exciting令人激动的 等)。如:
(1) The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
(2)The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
比较并体会以下句子:He is frightened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening. 他很吓人。
2) 在句中作表语、定语和补语。
(1) The father was disappointed at the disappointing news that his son failed the exam. 听到儿子考试不及格这个令人失望的消息,父亲感到很失望。(定语)
(2)The film is very boring.这部电影很乏味。(表语)
(3)He found it interesting to play games with his sister .他觉得和他的妹妹一起玩游戏很有趣。
2、以后缀 –ed结尾的形容词 1)–ed结尾的形容词,通常用于说明句中主语(人)的情绪变化,常译为“某人感到„„的” 。 (如amazed吃惊的/惊讶的 bored感到厌烦的 embarrassed尴尬的,难堪的,困窘的 interested 感到有趣的 surprised感到吃惊的 worried感到着急的 excited感到激动的; delighted, pleased高兴的;disappointed失望的 等)。在句中作表语、定语、补语或状语。
如:(1) I'm interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。(表语)
他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。(表语) 1.We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。4. He also put up some sign asking for old bikes. 他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的广告。6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很有效。7. He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。
动 词 短 语: 在现代英语中,动词之后加上介词或副词构成的短语表达一种特定的含义,这种结构称为动词短语。动词短语主要分为以上几种:
1.“动词+介词”构成的动词短语,宾语要放在介词之后。常见的有:look for , stand for,wait for, take after, hear from, hear of ,look after.
2.
3.
4.“动词+名词+介词”构成的动词短语。 常见的有:take care of , make use of , pay attention to.
5.“动词+形容词+介词”构成的动词短语。 常见的有:be late for, be angry with, be busy
1.When was the car invented?小汽车是什么时候被发明的?
2.When were electric slippers invented?电子拖鞋是什么时候被发明的?
3.Who were they invented by?他们是被谁发明的?
4.--What are they used for?他们被用来做什么?--They are used for seeing in the dark.他们是用来在黑暗中照明的。
被 动 语 态一、语态概述: 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.eg:Many people speak English.(谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.eg:English is spoken by many people.(主语English是动词speak的承受者.)
二、被动语态的构成 :被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时:am/is/are+taught 一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/shall be+taught
现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:have/has been+taught
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
情态动词+被动语态:情态动词+be +taught
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法: (1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道
电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2) 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如 All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。 注意:(一)、不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词): appear, die(死亡),disappear(消失), end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
3)系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外): appear, be ,become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
4)带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态: die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night.
(二)、有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。常见的动词有:1)感官动词:hear,watch,see,notice,look at,listen to , feel 2)使役动词:make ,let
例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. → He was heard to sing in his room just now.
(三)、带双宾语的被动语态: 在用于被动结构时,有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下,主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to, etc.
My uncle gave mea gift on my birthday.→I was given a gift on my birthday. →A giftwas given to me on my birthday.
(四)、有些动词表主语本身的属性时,用主动形式表示被动意义.常见动词有:write,wash, read, cook,sell,break,open等
这支笔好写。 This new book sells well. 这种新书很好卖。 1.by the time I got up ,my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时,我的哥哥已经进入了盥洗室
2.When she got to school , she realized she had left her backpack at home.当她到达学校时,她意识到她把书包落在了家里。
3.When i got to school , the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class.当我到校时,正好打最后一遍铃。我刚好赶上上课。
他请求她嫁给他。
过去完成时:过去完成时(past perfect)表示过去的某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。 基本结构 : 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?
基本用法 : (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 eg:By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
eg: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
eg:I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了
(4)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 eg: He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。